DE2631951A1 - Measuring the volume of a drop, esp. a glass gob - using a television camera and an electronic circuit processing the video signals - Google Patents
Measuring the volume of a drop, esp. a glass gob - using a television camera and an electronic circuit processing the video signalsInfo
- Publication number
- DE2631951A1 DE2631951A1 DE19762631951 DE2631951A DE2631951A1 DE 2631951 A1 DE2631951 A1 DE 2631951A1 DE 19762631951 DE19762631951 DE 19762631951 DE 2631951 A DE2631951 A DE 2631951A DE 2631951 A1 DE2631951 A1 DE 2631951A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- volume
- drop
- measuring
- drops
- rotationally symmetrical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/022—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness by means of tv-camera scanning
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Verfahren zur Messung des Volumens von rotations- Procedure for measuring the volume of rotational
symmetrischen Körpern Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur schnellen und einfachen Messung des Volumens von rotationssymmetrischen Körpern, z.B. von Tropfen flüssigen Glases, durch Auswertung des Bildes des Körpers mit fernseh- und digitaltechnischen Methoden. symmetrical bodies The invention relates to a method for rapid and simple measurement of the volume of rotationally symmetrical bodies, e.g. of Drops of liquid glass, by evaluating the image of the body with television and digital technical methods.
Die genaue Messung und Einstellung des Volumens eines Tropfens ist von besonderer Bedeutung in der Glasindustrie. Die Größe des Tropfens bestimmt die Wandstärke, damit die Stabilität und das Volumen, von Gefäßen, die aus dem Tropfen flüssigen Glases hergestellt werden. Ein schnelles Meßverfahren für das Tropfenvolumen ermöglicht die genaue Einstellung des Volumens für jeden einzelnen Tropfen.The exact measurement and adjustment of the volume of a drop is of particular importance in the glass industry. The size of the drop determines that Wall thickness, so that the stability and volume, of vessels that are made of the drop liquid glass. A quick method of measuring drop volume allows the exact setting of the volume for each individual drop.
Bei den heute üblichen Verfahren,z.B. mittels Wägung, ist die schnelle Messung des Volumens eines einzelnen Tropfens nicht möglich. Die Dosiereinrichtung wird fest eingestellt und an die Eigenschaften des flüssigen Materials, z.B. die temperatur- und zusammensetzungsabhängige Viskosität, angepaßt.With the methods common today, e.g. by means of weighing is the quick one Cannot measure the volume of a single drop. The dosing device is fixed and adapted to the properties of the liquid material, e.g. the temperature and composition dependent viscosity, adapted.
Heute zur Verfügung stehende Verfahren der Fernsehtechnik und der schnellen Digitalelektronik ermöglichen die rasche Auswertung von Bildern (tglo DT-OS 2 500 182). Eine besonders günstige Lösung für die vorliegende Aufgabe ergibt sich, wenn die Düse, aus der der Tropfen austritt, kreisrund und senkrecht nach unten gerichtet ist. Das Prinzip der Erfindung wird nachfolgend am Beispiel der Volumenmessung eines Glastropfens beschrieben.Methods of television technology and of the fast digital electronics enable the quick evaluation of images (tglo DT-OS 2 500 182). A particularly favorable solution for the task at hand results if the nozzle from which the drop emerges is circular and perpendicular directed downwards. The principle of the invention is illustrated below using the example of Volume measurement of a glass drop described.
In Figo 1 ist eine senkrecht stehende Düse 1 dargestellt, aus der ein Tropfen 2 aus flüssigem Glas ausgedrückt wird0 Wegen des kreisförmigen Querschnitts der Düse bildet sich unter dem Einfluß der Schwerkraft und der Oberflächenspannung ein Tropfen, der rotationssymmetrisch zu der senkrechten Achse 3 ist.In Figo 1, a vertical nozzle 1 is shown, from the a drop 2 of liquid glass is expressed 0 ways of the circular Cross section of the nozzle is formed under the influence of gravity and surface tension a drop that is rotationally symmetrical to the vertical axis 3.
Durch einen horizontal beweglichen Schieber 4 kann der Tropfen von der Düse 1 getrennt werden.By means of a horizontally movable slide 4, the drop of the nozzle 1 can be disconnected.
Wegen der hohen Temperatur des flüssigen Glases strahlt der Tropfen, insbesondere am langwelligen Ende des sichtbaren und im infraroten Spektralbereich. Der Hintergrund 5 wird dunkel gehalten. Durch das Objektiv einer handelsüblichen Fernsehkamera, ggfs. unter Verwendung eines Farbfilters, wird der durch das Rechteck 6 berandete Bereich auf eine Bildwandlerröhre, z.B. ein Vidikon, abgebildet. Bei der Abtastung des Bildes nach einem Fernsehraster schneiden die einzelnen Zeilen das Bild des Tropfens. Die eingezeichnete Zeile 7 geht am Punkt 8 vom dunklen Hintergrund auf den hell strahlenden Tropfen über und tritt am Punkt 9 wieder in den Hintergrund ein. Der grundsätzliche Verlauf des Videosignales der Zeile 7 ist in Figur 2 dargestellt. An den den Punkten 8 und 9 entsprechenden Zeitpunkten t1 und t2 tritt ein Sprung auf. Durch eine Schwelle 10 können die Zeitpunkte t1 und t2 erfaßt werden; die Differenz ly = t2 - t1 kann in bekannter Weise durch einen elektronischen Zähler gemessen werden, der zum Zeitpunkt t1 gestartet, zum Zeitpunkt t1 gestoppt wird und der in der dazwischenliegender Zeit die Zahl der Perioden einer genügend hochfrequenten periodischen Spannung zählt. Die Differenz T ist proportional dem Durchmesser des Kreises, den die Zeile 7 auf dem rotationssymmetrischen Tropfen bestimmt.Because of the high temperature of the liquid glass, the drop shines, especially at the long-wave end of the visible and in the infrared spectral range. The background 5 is kept dark. Through the lens of a commercially available TV camera, if necessary using a color filter, is indicated by the rectangle 6 bordered area shown on an image converter tube, e.g. a vidicon. at the scanning of the image according to a television grid cut the individual lines the image of the drop. Line 7 drawn goes from the dark background at point 8 to the brightly radiating drop and recede into the background at point 9 a. The basic course of the video signal of line 7 is shown in FIG. A jump occurs at times t1 and t2 corresponding to points 8 and 9 on. The times t1 and t2 can be detected by a threshold 10; the difference ly = t2 - t1 can be measured in a known manner by an electronic counter which is started at time t1, stopped at time t1 and the in the intervening time is the number of periods of a sufficiently high frequency periodic voltage counts. The difference T is proportional to the diameter of the Circle determined by line 7 on the rotationally symmetrical drop.
Aus den bei allen Zeilen des Fernsehbildes durch die obige Zählschaltung gemessenen Durchmessern ergibt sich das Volumen V des Tropfens nach der Beziehung Dabei ist p die laufende Nummer der Fernsehzeile,l/g die dazu gehörende Zeitdifferenz. In der durch Eichung festzustellenden Konstanten K sind u.a. der Abbildungsmaßstab und die Konstante T enthalten.From the diameters measured by the above counting circuit for all lines of the television picture, the volume V of the drop results from the relationship Here p is the serial number of the television line, l / g the associated time difference. The constant K to be determined by calibration includes the image scale and the constant T, among other things.
Für die elektronische Realisierung ergibt sich das in Fig. 3 dargestellte Blockschaltbild. Das Ausgangssignal der Fernsehkamera 11 wird einem Schwelldiskriminator 12 zugeführt, der den Zähler 13 in der beschriebenen Weise ansteuert. Die vom Oszillator 14 gelieferte periodische Spannung wird dem Zähleingang des Zählers 13 zugeführt. Die Zählergebnisse der einzelnen Zeilen werden im Quadrierer 15 quadriert; im Zähler 16 werden die Quadrate während eines Fernsehbild-Durchgangs addiert. Die Endsumme ist proportional dem Volumen des Tropfens.That shown in FIG. 3 results for the electronic implementation Block diagram. The output signal of the television camera 11 becomes a threshold discriminator 12 supplied, which controls the counter 13 in the manner described. The one from the oscillator The periodic voltage supplied is fed to the counting input of the counter 13. The counting results of the individual lines are squared in the squarer 15; in the counter 16 the squares are added during a television picture pass. The grand total is proportional to the volume of the drop.
Ein Teil der Baugruppen 12 bis 16 kann auch durch einen Mikroprozessor realisiert werden. Bei der üblichen Fernsehnorm ist alle 20 m sec eine Messung des Volumens möglich; die erforderliche Zeit zur Bildung des Volumens V nach der angegebenen Formel beträgt bei heutigen schnellen Digital schaltungen wenige Millisekunden.A part of the assemblies 12 to 16 can also be carried out by a microprocessor will be realized. With the usual television standard there is a measurement of the every 20 m sec Volume possible; the time required to form the volume V after the specified With today's fast digital circuits, the formula is a few milliseconds.
Wenn der gemessene Wert des Volumens eine vorgegebene Größe erreicht hat, kann mit dem Schieber 4 der Tropfen abgetrennt und weiterverarbeitet werden.When the measured value of the volume reaches a predetermined size has, the drop can be separated with the slide 4 and processed further.
Bei der Messung des Volumens von Tropfen anderer Substanzen kann durch geeignete Farbe des Hintergrundes und durch Beleuchtungsmaßnahmen erreicht werden, daß die Begrenzungen des Tropfens durch eine Schwellwertoperation nach Fig. 2 erfaßt werden können.When measuring the volume of drops of other substances can by suitable color of the background and lighting measures can be achieved, that the boundaries of the drop are detected by a threshold operation according to FIG can be.
Die niedrigen Kosten für Digitalschaltungen erlauben heute eine preisgünstige Realisierung eines Gerätes nach Fig. 3 Bei nicht rotationssymmetrischen Körpern kann eine gute Näherung der Volumenmessung erzielt werden, wenn der Körper aus zwei zueinander senkrechten Richtungen und zwei Fernsehkameras beobachtet wird.The low costs for digital circuits now allow an inexpensive one Realization of a device according to FIG. 3 in the case of non-rotationally symmetrical bodies a good approximation of the volume measurement can be obtained when the body is made up of two mutually perpendicular directions and two television cameras is observed.
L e e r s e i t eL e r s e i t e
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19762631951 DE2631951A1 (en) | 1976-07-15 | 1976-07-15 | Measuring the volume of a drop, esp. a glass gob - using a television camera and an electronic circuit processing the video signals |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19762631951 DE2631951A1 (en) | 1976-07-15 | 1976-07-15 | Measuring the volume of a drop, esp. a glass gob - using a television camera and an electronic circuit processing the video signals |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE2631951A1 true DE2631951A1 (en) | 1978-01-19 |
Family
ID=5983134
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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DE19762631951 Ceased DE2631951A1 (en) | 1976-07-15 | 1976-07-15 | Measuring the volume of a drop, esp. a glass gob - using a television camera and an electronic circuit processing the video signals |
Country Status (1)
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DE (1) | DE2631951A1 (en) |
Cited By (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2935941A1 (en) * | 1978-11-08 | 1980-05-14 | Owens Illinois Inc | MEASURING THE VOLUME AND SHAPE OF A LOT OF GLASS |
WO1990005033A1 (en) * | 1988-10-17 | 1990-05-17 | Micro Robotics Systems Inc. | Method for controlling accurate dispensing of adhesive droplets |
WO1992020994A1 (en) * | 1991-05-22 | 1992-11-26 | Bh-F (Engineering) Limited | Gob weight and dimension sensor |
EP0722078A2 (en) * | 1995-01-12 | 1996-07-17 | Erin Technologies, Inc. | Gob measuring apparatus |
DE10312550B3 (en) * | 2003-03-21 | 2004-07-29 | Heye International Gmbh | Device for determining volume or weight of glass gob used in manufacture of glass containers comprises optical units for measuring expansion of gob, and unit for determining each cross-sectional surface |
US20120013735A1 (en) * | 2010-07-15 | 2012-01-19 | Kai Tao | IV monitoring by video and image processing |
EP2447224A1 (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2012-05-02 | Saint-Gobain Oberland AG | Glass machine for producing container glass |
US9372486B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2016-06-21 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | System, method, and apparatus for monitoring, regulating, or controlling fluid flow |
US9435455B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2016-09-06 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | System, method, and apparatus for monitoring, regulating, or controlling fluid flow |
US9724467B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2017-08-08 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Flow meter |
US9746093B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2017-08-29 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Flow meter and related system and apparatus |
US9746094B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2017-08-29 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Flow meter having a background pattern with first and second portions |
US9759343B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2017-09-12 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Flow meter using a dynamic background image |
USD799025S1 (en) | 2013-11-06 | 2017-10-03 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Apparatus to control fluid flow through a tube |
USD802118S1 (en) | 2013-11-06 | 2017-11-07 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Apparatus to control fluid flow through a tube |
USD813376S1 (en) | 2013-11-06 | 2018-03-20 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Apparatus to control fluid flow through a tube |
USD815730S1 (en) | 2013-11-06 | 2018-04-17 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Apparatus to control fluid flow through a tube |
USD816829S1 (en) | 2013-11-06 | 2018-05-01 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Apparatus to control fluid flow through a tube |
US10088346B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2018-10-02 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | System, method, and apparatus for monitoring, regulating, or controlling fluid flow |
US10228683B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2019-03-12 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | System, method, and apparatus for monitoring, regulating, or controlling fluid flow |
USD854145S1 (en) | 2016-05-25 | 2019-07-16 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Apparatus to control fluid flow through a tube |
US10488848B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2019-11-26 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | System, method, and apparatus for monitoring, regulating, or controlling fluid flow |
USD905848S1 (en) | 2016-01-28 | 2020-12-22 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Apparatus to control fluid flow through a tube |
USD964563S1 (en) | 2019-07-26 | 2022-09-20 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Medical flow clamp |
US11744935B2 (en) | 2016-01-28 | 2023-09-05 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Apparatus for monitoring, regulating, or controlling fluid flow |
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-
1976
- 1976-07-15 DE DE19762631951 patent/DE2631951A1/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (50)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2935941A1 (en) * | 1978-11-08 | 1980-05-14 | Owens Illinois Inc | MEASURING THE VOLUME AND SHAPE OF A LOT OF GLASS |
WO1990005033A1 (en) * | 1988-10-17 | 1990-05-17 | Micro Robotics Systems Inc. | Method for controlling accurate dispensing of adhesive droplets |
WO1992020994A1 (en) * | 1991-05-22 | 1992-11-26 | Bh-F (Engineering) Limited | Gob weight and dimension sensor |
EP0722078A2 (en) * | 1995-01-12 | 1996-07-17 | Erin Technologies, Inc. | Gob measuring apparatus |
EP0722078A3 (en) * | 1995-01-12 | 1998-07-15 | Erin Technologies, Inc. | Gob measuring apparatus |
DE10312550B3 (en) * | 2003-03-21 | 2004-07-29 | Heye International Gmbh | Device for determining volume or weight of glass gob used in manufacture of glass containers comprises optical units for measuring expansion of gob, and unit for determining each cross-sectional surface |
US20120013735A1 (en) * | 2010-07-15 | 2012-01-19 | Kai Tao | IV monitoring by video and image processing |
US8531517B2 (en) * | 2010-07-15 | 2013-09-10 | Kai Tao | IV monitoring by video and image processing |
EP2447224A1 (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2012-05-02 | Saint-Gobain Oberland AG | Glass machine for producing container glass |
US10088346B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2018-10-02 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | System, method, and apparatus for monitoring, regulating, or controlling fluid flow |
US10436342B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2019-10-08 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Flow meter and related method |
US9724467B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2017-08-08 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Flow meter |
US9724466B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2017-08-08 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Flow meter |
US9724465B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2017-08-08 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Flow meter |
US9746093B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2017-08-29 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Flow meter and related system and apparatus |
US9746094B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2017-08-29 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Flow meter having a background pattern with first and second portions |
US12100507B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2024-09-24 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | System, method, and apparatus for monitoring, regulating, or controlling fluid flow |
US9772044B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2017-09-26 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Flow metering using a difference image for liquid parameter estimation |
US11793928B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2023-10-24 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Flow meter and related method |
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US9372486B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2016-06-21 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | System, method, and apparatus for monitoring, regulating, or controlling fluid flow |
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US9759343B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2017-09-12 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Flow meter using a dynamic background image |
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