DE3334395A1 - Optical measuring device for bending and deflection - Google Patents
Optical measuring device for bending and deflectionInfo
- Publication number
- DE3334395A1 DE3334395A1 DE19833334395 DE3334395A DE3334395A1 DE 3334395 A1 DE3334395 A1 DE 3334395A1 DE 19833334395 DE19833334395 DE 19833334395 DE 3334395 A DE3334395 A DE 3334395A DE 3334395 A1 DE3334395 A1 DE 3334395A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- light
- light guide
- guide tube
- tube
- measuring device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/30—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by floats
- G01F23/32—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by floats using rotatable arms or other pivotable transmission elements
- G01F23/36—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by floats using rotatable arms or other pivotable transmission elements using electrically actuated indicating means
- G01F23/366—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by floats using rotatable arms or other pivotable transmission elements using electrically actuated indicating means using optoelectrically actuated indicating means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
- G01D5/35341—Sensor working in transmission
- G01D5/35345—Sensor working in transmission using Amplitude variations to detect the measured quantity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/30—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by floats
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
- G01L1/243—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre using means for applying force perpendicular to the fibre axis
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Beschreibung description
Optische Meßvorrichtung für Biegung und Aus lenkung Die Erfindung betrifft eine Meßvorrichtung für Biegung und Auslenkung, die aus einem biegbaren, elastischen Rohr (1) besteht, das so aufgebaut ist, daß es als optischer Lichtleiter dienen kann. Der prinzipielle Aufbau der Meßvorrichtung ist in Fig. 1 skizziert. Das von einer Lichtquelle (2) in das Rohrstück eingekoppelte Licht läuft durch Vielfachreflexion längs des Rohres und wird auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite von einem Detektor gemessen. Ein möglicher Strahlenverlauf (4) ist für einen Ausbreitungswinkel skizziert. Damit das Rohr in der beschriebenen Weise als Lichtleiter dienen kann, muß entweder die Innenwand des Rohres einen hohen Reflexionskoeffizienten haben oder das Rohr muß mit einem transparenten flüssigen oder verformbaren Material gefüllt sein, dessen Brechzahl größer ist als die Brechzahl der inneren Rohroberfläche. In diesem Fall tritt Totaireflexion für kleine Ausbreitungswinkel bis zu einem gewissen Grenzwinkel auf, der vom Brechzahlunterschied zwischen Rohrfüllung und Rohrinnenwand abhängt. Rohrfüllung und innere Rohrwandung müssen soweit optisch transparent sein, daß die verbleibende Lichtintensität nach dem Passieren des Rohres mit einem Detektor gemessen werden kann.Optical measuring device for bending and steering from the invention relates to a measuring device for bending and deflection, which consists of a bendable, elastic tube (1), which is constructed so that it is used as an optical light guide can serve. The basic structure of the measuring device is sketched in FIG. The light coupled into the pipe section from a light source (2) runs through multiple reflections along the pipe and is measured on the opposite side by a detector. A possible ray path (4) is sketched for an angle of propagation. In order to the tube can serve as a light guide in the manner described, either must Inner wall of the pipe have a high reflection coefficient or the pipe must be filled with a transparent liquid or deformable material, its Refractive index is greater than the refractive index of the inner pipe surface. In this case total reflection occurs for small propagation angles up to a certain critical angle which depends on the difference in refractive index between the pipe filling and the inner wall of the pipe. Pipe filling and inner pipe wall must be optically transparent to the extent that the remaining light intensity measured with a detector after passing the tube can be.
Lichtquelle (2) und Detektor (3) sind mit dem Lichtleitrohr (1) fest verbunden. Die von der Lichtquelle eingekoppelte Lichtleistung ist unabhängig von der Biegung und Aus lenkung. Die in den Detektor ausgekoppelte Lichtleistung ist eine Funktion der Rohrbiegung. Ändert sich nämlich der Krümmungsradius des Lichtleitrohres (1), so wird der Lichtweg (4) verändert, und damit auch die optische Dämpfung. Mit zunehmender Krümmung nimmt die zum Detektor gelangende Lichtintensität ab. Zur Messung einer bestimmten Auslenkung (13) wird eine Seite des Lichtleitrohres (1) zweckmäßig durch eine Halterung (10) fixiert, während die andere Seite frei beweglich der Aus lenkung folgen kann. Bei bekannter Eingangslichtleistung kann die Auslenkung mit Hilfe einer Eichung aus der optischen Dämpfung bestimmt werden. Eine für die praktische Anwendung zweckmäßige Modifikation der erfindungsgemäßen Meßvorrichtung leitet das Licht von der Quelle (2) zum Lichtleitrohr (1) und vom Lichtleitrohr zum Detektor (3) mit üblichen Lichtwellenleitern, wie es in Fig. 2 skizziert ist. Quelle (2) und Detektor (3) können so weit entfernt vom Meßort aufgebaut werden. Mit dieser Meßanordnung wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen Lichtintensität und Drehwinkel zwischen den beiden Rohrenden auf einem Drehtisch gemessen. Das Ergebnis ist in Fig. 6 dargestellt. Eine Winkelauflösung von besser als 0,50 konnte erreicht werden.The light source (2) and detector (3) are fixed to the light guide tube (1) tied together. The light output coupled in by the light source is independent of the bending and deflection. The light power coupled out into the detector is a function of pipe bending. This is because the radius of curvature of the light guide tube changes (1), the light path (4) is changed, and with it the optical attenuation. With increasing curvature takes the to the detector incoming light intensity away. One side of the light guide tube is used to measure a certain deflection (13) (1) Appropriately fixed by a bracket (10), while the other side is free movably the deflection can follow. If the input light power is known, the deflection can be determined from the optical attenuation with the aid of a calibration. A modification of the inventive modification which is expedient for practical use Measuring device guides the light from the source (2) to the light guide tube (1) and from Light guide tube to the detector (3) with conventional light waveguides, as shown in FIG. 2 is sketched. Source (2) and detector (3) can be set up so far away from the measurement location will. With this measuring arrangement the relationship between light intensity and angle of rotation between the two pipe ends measured on a turntable. The result is shown in FIG. 6. An angular resolution of better than 0.50 was achieved will.
Eine weitere Modifikation der erfindungsgemäßen Meßvorrichtung ist in Fig. 3 dargestellt. In dieser Anordnung wird das Licht der Lichtquelle (2) in einen Lichtwellenleiter eingekoppelt und über einen faseroptischen Koppler (7) zu dem einen Ende des Lichtleitrohres (1) geführt. Am anderen Ende des Lichtleitrohres ist ein Reflektor (8) angebracht, der das Licht spiegelt, so daß das eingekoppelte Licht das Lichtleitrohr zweimal durchläuft. Ein Teil des reflektierten Lichts wird von dem Lichtwellenleiter(5) wieder aufgefangen und über den Koppler (7) und den Lichtwellenleiter (9) zum Detektor (3) geführt. Eine solche Spiegelanordnung ist vorteilhaft, weil damit das nicht fixierte Rohrende frei von allen Zuführungsleitungen ist.Another modification of the measuring device according to the invention is shown in FIG. 3. In this arrangement the light from the light source (2) in an optical waveguide is coupled in and via a fiber optic coupler (7) guided at one end of the light guide tube (1). At the other end of the light guide tube a reflector (8) is attached, which reflects the light so that the coupled Light passes through the light guide tube twice. Part of the reflected light will caught again by the optical waveguide (5) and via the coupler (7) and the Optical fiber (9) led to the detector (3). One such mirror arrangement is advantageous because the non-fixed pipe end is free of all supply lines is.
In einer weiteren Modifikation kann die Lichtzuführung von der Lichtquelle durch einen Lichtwellenleiter (5) auch ohne faseroptischen Koppler erfolgen, wie es in Fig. 4 skizziert ist. Die Rückleitung des reflektierten Lichts zum Detektor (3) erfolgt dann über einen weiteren Lichtwellenleiter (11). Die beiden Lichtwellenleiter zur Hin-und Rückleitung führen zweckmäßigerweise auf der festgehaltenen Seite zu dem Lichtleitrohr (1), während der Reflektor am beweglichen Ende des Lichtleitrohres (1) montiert ist.In a further modification, the light supply can be from the light source by means of an optical waveguide (5) even without a fiber-optic coupler, such as it is sketched in FIG. 4. The return of the reflected light to the detector (3) then takes place via a further optical waveguide (11). The two optical fibers to the outward and return lines expediently lead on the held page to the light guide tube (1), while the reflector is at the movable end of the light guide tube (1) is mounted.
Die beschriebene Meßvorrichtung mißt primär Biegung, Krümmung, Verschiebung oder Auslenkung des Lichtleitrohres.The measuring device described primarily measures bending, curvature, displacement or deflection of the light guide tube.
Durch geeignete Zusatzvorrichtungen kann mit dem beweglichen Lichtleitrohr eine viel größere Anzahl von Parameter gemessen werden, wie z.B. Druck, Winkel oder Füllhöhe.Suitable additional devices can be used with the movable light guide tube a much larger number of parameters can be measured, such as pressure, angle or Filling level.
Als Beispiel für eine mögliche Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Meßvorrichtung sei eine optische Füllhöhen-Anzeigevorrichtung mit einem Schwimmer näher erläutert.As an example of a possible embodiment of the invention The measuring device is an optical level indicator with a float explained in more detail.
Mechanische oder elektrische Füllhöhen-Anzeigevorrichtungen mit Schwimmern sind seit langem bekannt. Bei diesen wird üblicherweise die Höhenposition des Schwimmers rein mechanisch oder -mechanisch-elektrisch bestimmt. Bei der erz in dungsgemäßen optischen Meßvorrichtung für Biegung und Auslenkung ergibt sich gegenüber der rein mechanischen Vorrichtung der Vorteil, daß das Meßsignal vom Meßort durch den Lichtwellenleiter über weite Entfernungen übertragen werden kann. Der Vorteil gegenüber der elektrischen Anordnung ist das Fehlen jeglicher elektrischer Leistung im Meßbereich, so daß die Probleme der elektrischen Gefährdung und die Probleme der Sicherheit in explosionsgefährdeter Umgebung ausgeschaltet sind.Mechanical or electrical level indicators with floats have long been known. These are usually the height position of the swimmer purely mechanically or mechanically-electrically determined. When the ore is in accordance with the regulations optical measuring device for bending and deflection results compared to the pure mechanical device has the advantage that the measurement signal from the measurement site through the optical waveguide can be transmitted over long distances. The advantage over the electric Arrangement is the absence of any electrical power in the measurement area, so that the Problems of electrical hazard and the problems of safety in hazardous areas Environment are switched off.
Die optische Füllhöhen-Anzeigevorrichtung besteht aus der erfindungsgemäßen Meßvorrichtung für Biegung und Auslenkung und einem Schwimmer, der an dem beweglichen Ende des Lichtleitrohres geeignet befestigt ist. Die Anordnung ist in Fig. 5 skizziert. Die Durchbiegung des Lichtleitrohres (1) hängt von der Position des auf der Flüssigkeit (13) schwimmenden Schwimmers (12) ab. Bei hohem Flüssigkeitsstand ist die Biegung des Lichtleitrohres (1) gering; die am Detektor gemessene Lichtintensität ist groß. Umgekehrt wird bei niedrigem Flüssigkeitsstand die Biegung groß und die Lichtintensität geht zurück. Mit dieser Meßanordnung erhält man Intensitätsänderungen von etwa 100 zu 1. Die Füllhöhe kann so kontinuierlich aus der Lichtintensität bestimmt werden.The optical filling level display device consists of the inventive Measuring device for bending and deflection and a float attached to the movable End of the light guide tube is attached appropriately. The arrangement is sketched in FIG. 5. The deflection of the light guide tube (1) depends on the position of the on the liquid (13) floating float (12). When the liquid level is high, the bend is of the light guide tube (1) low; the light intensity measured at the detector is high. Conversely, when the liquid level is low, the bend becomes large and the light intensity becomes large go back. With this measuring arrangement, changes in intensity of about 100 are obtained Regarding 1. The filling level can thus be determined continuously from the light intensity.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19833334395 DE3334395A1 (en) | 1983-09-23 | 1983-09-23 | Optical measuring device for bending and deflection |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19833334395 DE3334395A1 (en) | 1983-09-23 | 1983-09-23 | Optical measuring device for bending and deflection |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE3334395A1 true DE3334395A1 (en) | 1985-04-11 |
Family
ID=6209829
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19833334395 Ceased DE3334395A1 (en) | 1983-09-23 | 1983-09-23 | Optical measuring device for bending and deflection |
Country Status (1)
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DE (1) | DE3334395A1 (en) |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0209097A1 (en) * | 1985-07-15 | 1987-01-21 | HELBA Elektronik-Baugruppen GmbH & Co. KG | Acceleration sensor |
EP0211984A1 (en) * | 1985-08-19 | 1987-03-04 | Inc. Vpl Research | Computer data entry and manipulation apparatus |
DE3802527A1 (en) * | 1987-01-29 | 1988-08-11 | Bridgestone Corp | PRESSURE SENSITIVE PROBE |
EP0352291A1 (en) * | 1987-03-24 | 1990-01-31 | Vpl Research, Inc. | Motion sensor |
US4988981A (en) * | 1987-03-17 | 1991-01-29 | Vpl Research, Inc. | Computer data entry and manipulation apparatus and method |
WO1993022624A1 (en) * | 1992-05-05 | 1993-11-11 | The University Of Queensland | Optical displacement sensor |
DE4423104A1 (en) * | 1994-07-01 | 1996-01-04 | Leon Helma Christina | Pressure sensitive sensor system |
AU668958B2 (en) * | 1992-05-05 | 1996-05-23 | University Of Queensland, The | Optical displacement sensor |
US5588139A (en) * | 1990-06-07 | 1996-12-24 | Vpl Research, Inc. | Method and system for generating objects for a multi-person virtual world using data flow networks |
WO1999013306A2 (en) * | 1997-09-05 | 1999-03-18 | University Of Portsmouth Enterprise Ltd. | An optical sensor for measuring forces applied to a body and items of clothing incorporating such sensors |
US5986643A (en) * | 1987-03-24 | 1999-11-16 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Tactile feedback mechanism for a data processing system |
US6885361B1 (en) | 1987-03-24 | 2005-04-26 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Tactile feedback mechanism for a data processing system |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2034344A1 (en) * | 1970-07-10 | 1972-01-13 | Ulrich H | Device for measuring physical quantities by measuring the intensity of a bundle of light rays |
DE2856183A1 (en) * | 1978-12-27 | 1980-07-10 | Aeg Telefunken Kabelwerke | Mechanical or thermo-optical transducer with dielectric waveguide - is coiled around measurement body and uses waveguide attenuation load variation |
-
1983
- 1983-09-23 DE DE19833334395 patent/DE3334395A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2034344A1 (en) * | 1970-07-10 | 1972-01-13 | Ulrich H | Device for measuring physical quantities by measuring the intensity of a bundle of light rays |
DE2856183A1 (en) * | 1978-12-27 | 1980-07-10 | Aeg Telefunken Kabelwerke | Mechanical or thermo-optical transducer with dielectric waveguide - is coiled around measurement body and uses waveguide attenuation load variation |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0209097A1 (en) * | 1985-07-15 | 1987-01-21 | HELBA Elektronik-Baugruppen GmbH & Co. KG | Acceleration sensor |
EP0211984A1 (en) * | 1985-08-19 | 1987-03-04 | Inc. Vpl Research | Computer data entry and manipulation apparatus |
DE3802527A1 (en) * | 1987-01-29 | 1988-08-11 | Bridgestone Corp | PRESSURE SENSITIVE PROBE |
US7205979B2 (en) | 1987-03-17 | 2007-04-17 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Computer data entry and manipulation apparatus and method |
US4988981A (en) * | 1987-03-17 | 1991-01-29 | Vpl Research, Inc. | Computer data entry and manipulation apparatus and method |
US5986643A (en) * | 1987-03-24 | 1999-11-16 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Tactile feedback mechanism for a data processing system |
EP0352291A4 (en) * | 1987-03-24 | 1991-12-04 | Vpl Research, Inc. | Motion sensor |
US6222523B1 (en) | 1987-03-24 | 2001-04-24 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Tactile feedback mechanism for a data processing system |
US6885361B1 (en) | 1987-03-24 | 2005-04-26 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Tactile feedback mechanism for a data processing system |
EP0352291A1 (en) * | 1987-03-24 | 1990-01-31 | Vpl Research, Inc. | Motion sensor |
US5588139A (en) * | 1990-06-07 | 1996-12-24 | Vpl Research, Inc. | Method and system for generating objects for a multi-person virtual world using data flow networks |
WO1993022624A1 (en) * | 1992-05-05 | 1993-11-11 | The University Of Queensland | Optical displacement sensor |
AU668958B2 (en) * | 1992-05-05 | 1996-05-23 | University Of Queensland, The | Optical displacement sensor |
DE4423104A1 (en) * | 1994-07-01 | 1996-01-04 | Leon Helma Christina | Pressure sensitive sensor system |
WO1999013306A2 (en) * | 1997-09-05 | 1999-03-18 | University Of Portsmouth Enterprise Ltd. | An optical sensor for measuring forces applied to a body and items of clothing incorporating such sensors |
WO1999013306A3 (en) * | 1997-09-05 | 1999-05-06 | Univ Portsmouth Enterprise Ltd | An optical sensor for measuring forces applied to a body and items of clothing incorporating such sensors |
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