JP2895803B2 - Authentication devices such as signatures - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a signature authentication device for identifying the authenticity of a handwritten signature or the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In Japan, personal identification of submitted documents, contract documents, and the like is mainly performed by a seal. However, due to the internationalization of transactions and the like, personal identification using signatures has become widespread like European and American countries. As countermeasures against counterfeiting of signatures, in addition to visual inspection, scientific signature authenticity identification devices have been put to practical use and are currently being used. Until now, many of the proposed signature authenticity identification devices perform pattern matching with the entire signature handwriting image in which the signature's entire handwriting image is registered in advance, or use feature points (for example, A single factor, such as comparing the position information of the handwriting end points or intersections with the position information of the feature points in the handwriting of the person registered in advance, or similarly comparing a series of writing pressure change information It focuses on change.

[0003]

In the above-described signature forgery identification apparatus based on the simple factors described above, after a person who intends to forge a signature learns through a certain degree of training, the forgery signature can be accurately resembled by another person. There is a problem that it is difficult to identify, and sometimes a false signature is mistakenly identified as a true signature while being a forged signature.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and is not limited to the entire image of the described sign, but also compares the characteristics of the writing process, etc., to obtain a more accurate sign and the like. It is intended to provide an authentication device.

[0005]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an authentication apparatus for a signature or the like, comprising: a writing unit for performing handwriting recording on a recording target; Imaging means for imaging a recording surface; handwriting vector information from handwriting data obtained from the imaging means ;
Speed information, pen holding tilt angle information, black / white dot composition ratio information
An authentication factor extracting means for extracting a four authentication factors, the registration memory means for registering storing four authentication factors this extracted, previously registered four authentication factors detected from handwriting data handwritten Matching means for checking the four authentication factors.

[0006] In this authentication device for signatures and the like , handwriting vectors
Information, pen speed information, pen holding tilt angle information, black / white dots
Four authentication factors of composition ratio information are adopted. Generally, in the comparison of the whole image patterns after signing, there is a habit of writing in which no difference appears for each individual. For example, in the case of a person with a fast writing speed and a person with a slow writing speed, a person who writes slowly, but a person who speeds up at the end and a person who does not, a person who puts up a pen and a person who lays down, etc. The difference can be reliably identified, and the authentication accuracy can be improved.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an authentication apparatus for a signature or the like , further comprising a stress sensor for detecting a stress caused by a handwriting stress by the writing means, wherein handwriting data obtained from the stress sensor and the imaging means are provided. Handwriting vector
Information, pen speed information, pen holding tilt angle information, black / white dot configuration
The five authentication factors of ratio information and pen pressure information are extracted.

[0008]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to embodiments. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a basic configuration of a signature authentication system (sign authentication device) according to an embodiment of the present invention. The signature authentication system according to this embodiment includes a handwriting data capturing unit 1 that captures handwriting data,
Five authentication factor extraction / generation unit 2 for extracting and generating five authentication factors for authentication from the captured handwriting data, and stores the extracted five authentication factors as reference data of each individual in the registration mode. A reference data registration unit 3, a database 4 storing the registration data, an authentication unit 5 that collates the five authentication factors extracted in the authentication mode with the registration data in the database 4, and performs authenticity authentication. It is composed of The authentication result is output via an API (application program interface) 6.

[0009] Here, the five authentication factors are handwriting vectors,
Pen speed, pen holding tilt angle, black / white dot composition ratio, and pen pressure. FIG. 7 is a block diagram in which the apparatus of FIG. 1 is subdivided based on functions. The holding angle modulated image capturing unit 1a captures an image modulated by the pen holding angle from the CCD camera of the authentication pen at a predetermined sampling period, and the pen pressure capturing unit 1b receives a signal from the pen pressure sensor at a predetermined sampling period. Take in. In the inter-image analysis unit 2a, the image data of the sampling time, analyzes the image data of the previous sampling, the movement vector factor extract 2 c, and performs Fudesoku factor extract 2 d, the unit image analysis section 2b is From the current unit image, black / white dot factor extraction 2e is performed. The pen holding inclination angle is also extracted based on the degree of modulation of the pen holding angle for each unit image in the unit image analysis unit 2b. These extraction processes will be described later in detail. Similarly, the pen pressure factor extraction 2f extracts a pen pressure factor every time sampling is performed.

The extracted authentication factor is normalized by the normalizing section 2g. In the registration mode, the characteristic data is extracted (3), and the characteristic function parameters and reference data are registered in the handwriting registration section 4. In the authentication mode, feature extraction 5a is performed based on the normalized extraction factors, and the recognition data is compared with the reference data of the handwriting registration unit 4 to authenticate the authenticity of the signature. Here, the feature data is the feature of a person extracted from a certain handwriting, and the key to extract the feature data is a feature function parameter.
The registered feature data is the reference data.

As shown in FIG. 2, the movement vector factor is extracted by extracting a handwriting vector (a change in movement of the tip of the writing implement on the writing surface) between continuously captured unit images.
If the change of the handwriting vector is distributed on the X axis and the Y axis and shown with the elapse of time, an example is as shown in FIG. 5). As shown in FIG. 3, in the brush speed factor extraction, the actual handwriting
However, signing at a writing speed of 15 m / sec and writing at a writing speed of 25 m / sec would require NO. 10 to NO.
Are completely different from each other, and even if the outer shapes are the same, the two can extract the writing speed difference.
In this processing, both sign times are the same. For example, even if the image at the time of NO. 70 is the same, when the writing speed is different in the middle, for example, when the writing is slow and the later is fast, , And vice versa, NO.
The images at each time point of NO. 20,..., NO. 60 are different, and the difference between them can be extracted.

[0012] In the black / white dot extraction, even when the same actual handwriting is used, the captured image is different between the case where the pen is tilted at the time of authentication and the case where the pen is set upright. For example, when the actual handwriting is a black dot, the black dot remains as it is when the pen is set up, but the black dot becomes longer (or shorter in some cases) when the pen is inclined. For example,
As shown in FIG. 4, even when the actual handwriting is the same y, the black / white dot configuration is different every time sampling is performed when the pen holding angle is 90 ° and when the pen holding angle is 45 °. . Therefore, the difference between the two can be extracted by comparing the black / white dot composition ratio for each sampling.

Further, even with the same actual handwriting, an image picked up by an image pickup means such as a CCD camera has a different pattern because it is modulated by the pen holding tilt angle. Therefore, the difference in pen holding angle is extracted by comparing the patterns of the images, and the sign of the same person or the sign of a different person can be identified based on the difference in the pen holding inclination angle. FIG. 6 schematically shows an authentication factor acquisition method of the signature authentication apparatus according to the above-described embodiment. The vector, the pen pressure, and the stroke order are contact methods, and the vector, the spatial movement including the stroke order, and the holding angle are obtained by imaging. Indicates that it is a factor acquisition.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a handwriting storage / reproduction device used for taking in handwriting data of the signature authentication device of the above embodiment. The handwriting storage / reproduction device detects and stores handwriting in an authentication pen 11, an interface device 19, and a computer 20 that reads out, reproduces, and authenticates handwriting data stored in the authentication pen 11 via the interface device 19. It is composed of

The authentication pen 11 includes a pen shaft 12 such as a ball-point pen core for writing on paper or the like, a lens 13, and a CCD 1.
4, microcomputer 15, storage device 17, power supply (battery) 1
8, and a pressure sensor 23 for detecting whether or not the pen shaft 12 is in contact with the paper surface. The unit 16 including the storage device 17 and the power source 18 is configured to be detachable from the pen body. ing.

When the unit 16 is detached from the main body of the authentication pen 11 and connected to the interface device 19, the storage device 1
The writing data stored in the memory 7 is read into the computer 20 via the writing data reading device 21. The battery of the power supply 18 can be charged by the charging device 22. Computer 20
Is provided with software (program) for reproducing and authenticating handwriting based on the taken handwriting data.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view of the authentication pen 11. The authentication pen 11 is in the form of a pencil having a round bar-shaped case body 11a, and the tip 11b of the case body 11a is expanded to a somewhat larger diameter. A light-transmitting pen shaft holding plate 31 is attached to the distal end portion 11b of the case body 11a, and a pen shaft holder 32 that holds the pen shaft 12 protrudes from the center of the pen shaft holding plate 31, These pen shaft holding plates 3
1, a pen shaft 12 and a pen shaft holder 32 constitute writing means.

Inside the pen shaft holding plate 31, a telecentric lens 13 is disposed as a telecentric lens system.
A D area sensor (imaging means) 14 is arranged adjacently. In FIG. 9, the telecentric lens 13 is drawn in a shape as shown, but this is a model representation of an optical path, not a shape of the lens itself. Further, another lens other than the telecentric lens may be used. In this embodiment, the optical axis of the telecentric lens 13 is coincident with the pen shaft 12 and the central axis of the pen shaft holder 31 (and the central axis of the case body 11 a), CCD area sensor 14 is disposed on the optical axis Have been. However, the optical axis of the telecentric lens 13 and the central axis of the writing means do not necessarily need to coincide,
The optical axis and the central axis may be slightly shifted as long as the tip of the pen shaft 12 (that is, the handwriting point at the moment when the handwriting is being written) is located in the optical detection visual field and the handwriting point is detected. .

As can be seen from FIG. 9, the pen shaft holding plate 3
1, the pen shaft 12, the pen shaft holder 32, the telecentric lens 13, and the CCD area sensor 14
3 is integrally fixed to, is slightly slidable along the optical axis direction to the inside of the case body 11 a by writing pressure of the inner case 33 when writing. The slide in the optical axis direction of the inner case 33, if the mobile inner case 33 to the case body 11 a with a brush pressure during writing, the pressure sensor 23 is being written is pressed by the inner case 33 Can be detected. If the pressure sensor 23 can detect that the writing is being performed, the writing may be detected, for example, by bending the inner case 33 in a direction (radial direction) perpendicular to the optical axis.

Further, the case body 11 in a, printed circuit board 34 mounted with electronic circuits including LSI or the like is arranged,
A CCD area sensor 14 is connected to this electronic circuit, and a detected handwriting signal is taken in. The case body 11 a of the rear 11c, unit 16 with a built-in storage device and a battery for storing the detected handwriting information is provided.

Furthermore, the case body 11 a of the inner wall and the inner case 3
3, a sensor (pressure sensor) 23 for detecting that writing is being performed is provided. This pressure sensor 23
Is in the present embodiment as described above, the inner case 33 with a brush pressure during writing is pressed by the inner case 33 when slightly moved inward of the casing body 11 a, detects that in the pressing force is being written Things. On the other hand, in the portion of the case body 11 a located outside the pressure sensor 23, a start switch 36 is provided, so as to ON / OFF the power of the writing device by operating the start switch 36 .

In using the storage pen as described above,
While turns ON the power by pressing a start switch 36, as shown in FIG. 9 with the casing body 11 a, by tilting the casing body 11 a to the plane 35 (in the normal writing state) characters, wherein the graphics, etc. Then, the inner case 33
There slightly enters into the case body 11 in a, it is detected by the pressure sensor 23 is being written. Then, the handwriting, that is, the image on the paper surface 35 is received by the telecentric lens 13 as a light beam parallel to the optical axis, and the image is received by the CCD area sensor 14.
Is converted into a handwriting signal. The handwriting signal is subjected to data compression by thinning or the like in an electronic circuit, and is sequentially stored in the storage device 17. However, during writing, the tip of the pen shaft 12 is
, The detection signal indicating whether the tip of the pen shaft 12 is moving in space or writing on the paper surface 35 is also stored in the storage device 17 at the same time as the handwriting detection signal. The detection signal indicating whether the handwriting is being moved or is being written is used to facilitate reproduction when handwriting is reproduced by handwriting reproduction software (handwriting reproducing means) by the computer 20 shown in FIG.

Next, the process of writing and storing the authentication pen 11 will be described. Ballpoint pen core 12 of authentication pen 11
Then, it is assumed that a letter, for example, the letter L of the alphabet is written on the paper. Then, the CCD area sensor 14 sequentially captures images in the field of view at a fixed sampling time. As shown in FIG. 10, a case where a first straight line having a gentle slope is drawn from above the character L to the lower left, and then a second straight line having a gentle slope is drawn from the lower left to the lower right. assuming, now, P _1, P ₂ position of the ball-point pen core 12 at each sampling time, ..., P _6, assuming that moving ... and field of view S ₁ of the CCD area sensor 14,
S ₂ ,..., S ₆ ,.
Images S ₁ , S ₂ ,... Of the same size as shown in FIG.
S ₆ are stored in time sequence as image data. In this way, by storing partial images of a fixed size continuously, handwriting as a whole is stored.

In the above description, the interface between the authentication pen and the computer uses a detachable storage device. Alternatively, the interface may be connected directly by wire or wirelessly. Further, in the above-described embodiment, a case has been described where an authentication factor obtained from a stress sensor (pressure sensor) and an imaging unit is used as an authentication factor.
Sign authentication can be performed.

[0025]

As described above, the invention according to claim 1 is described above.
According to handwriting vector information, writing speed information, pen holding inclination
Predicts four authentication factors: angle information and black / white dot composition ratio information.
To register the authentication factor and input handwriting.
Since the obtained authentication factors are compared and collated , authenticity authentication can be accurately performed even with the same handwriting outline. Also claim
According to the invention described in Item 2, in addition to the above four authentication factors,
Uses pen pressure information to further improve authentication accuracy
Can be.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a basic configuration of a signature authentication device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an authentication process based on a difference between movement vectors.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an authentication process based on a difference in writing speed.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an authentication process based on a difference between black / white dot configurations.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a temporal change of a vector in relation to FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an authentication factor obtaining formula of the signature authentication device according to the embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram in which the signature authentication apparatus according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is further functionally subdivided.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a handwriting / storage / reproduction device used for capturing handwriting data of the signature authentication device of the embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view of an authentication pen of the handwriting storage / reproduction device.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a method for detecting handwriting by a CCD of the authentication pen.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of individual images stored for each sampling cycle in the authentication pen.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Import of handwriting data 2 5 Extraction and generation of authentication factor 3 Registration of reference data 4 Database 5 Authentication section

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Ichiro Hishiki 1 Yasushi Electric Co., Ltd., Ishiharanokami, Kichijoin, Minami-ku, Kyoto (56) References JP-A-2-268373 (JP, A) JP-A-7- 160880 (JP, A) JP-A-8-129443 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) G06T 7/00

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] A handwriting means for handwritten recording on an object to be recorded; an imaging means for imaging a recording surface around a front end surface of the writing means; handwriting vector information and handwriting from handwriting data obtained from the imaging means ; Speed information, pen holding tilt angle information,
Authentication factor extraction means for extracting four authentication factors of black / white dot composition ratio information, registration storage means for registering and storing the extracted four authentication factors, and whether the handwritten handwriting data
Authentication device signs like, characterized in that a collating means for collating the four authentication factors that are registered in advance et detected four authentication factors. 2. A writing hand for handwritten recording on an object to be recorded.
Detects the stress caused by handwriting stress by the step and this writing means
Stress sensor, and an object around the tip surface of the writing means.
Imaging means for imaging the recording surface, the stress sensor and the imaging
Handwriting vector information from the handwriting data obtained from the means, brush
Speed information, pen holding tilt angle information, black / white dot composition ratio
Factor extraction to extract five authentication factors of report and pen pressure information
Means and the extracted five authentication factors are registered and stored.
Detected from registered storage means and handwritten handwriting data
5 authentication factors and 5 authentication factors registered in advance.
An authentication device for a signature or the like, characterized by comprising matching means for matching .