JP6548010B2 - Para-virtualized network device, information processing apparatus, information processing method, and information processing program - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a paravirtualized network device, an information processing apparatus, an information processing method, and an information processing program.

  In the above technical field, Patent Document 1 discloses that a virtual control program provides a virtual network device. Further, a technology is disclosed in which a virtual control program connects a virtual device driver and a physical device driver such that data distribution is performed via the virtual device driver and the physical device driver.

JP 2012-93917 A

  However, in the technology described in the above document, since the paravirtualized network device can not cope with the device driver on the guest operating system, the paravirtualized network device not adapted to the device driver can not be used.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a technique for solving the above-mentioned problems.

In order to achieve the above object, a paravirtualized network device according to the present invention is:
According to a device driver used by an application operating on a guest operating system, the computer comprises an initialization means for initializing an interface with the device driver ,
The initialization unit initializes the interface as an interface adapted to the poll mode driver when the device driver is a poll mode driver, and an interface adapts the interface to the virtio driver when the device driver is a virtio driver Initialize as .

In order to achieve the above object, an information processing apparatus according to the present invention is
The information processing apparatus having a virtual machine that runs on the host operating system and the guest operating system running on the virtual machine,
A processor emulator running on the host operating system to form the virtual machine;
A paravirtualized network device comprising an initialization means for initializing an interface with the device driver according to a device driver used by an application operating on the guest operating system;
Equipped with
The virtual machine comprises a first virtual machine with a normal application using a virtio driver and a second virtual machine with a high speed packet communication application using a poll mode driver.

In order to achieve the above object, a control method of an information processing apparatus according to the present invention is:
And virtual machines running on the host operating system, a method of controlling an information processing apparatus having a guest operating system running on the virtual machine,
A virtual machine creation step in which a processor emulator operating on the host operating system forms the virtual machine;
An initialization step of initializing an interface with the device driver according to a device driver used by an application operating on the guest operating system;
Including
When the interface with the virtio driver is initialized in the initialization step, the formed virtual machine operates as a first virtual machine having a normal application using the virtio driver, and in the initialization step, the poll mode driver When the interface with is initialized, the formed virtual machine operates as a second virtual machine equipped with a high speed packet communication application using the poll mode driver.

In order to achieve the above object, a control program of an information processing apparatus according to the present invention is:
And virtual machines running on the host operating system, a control program of an information processing apparatus and a guest operating system running on the virtual machine,
A virtual machine creation step in which a processor emulator operating on the host operating system forms the virtual machine;
An initialization step of initializing an interface with the device driver according to a device driver used by an application operating on the guest operating system;
On your computer,
When the interface with the virtio driver is initialized in the initialization step, the formed virtual machine operates as a first virtual machine having a normal application using the virtio driver, and in the initialization step, the poll mode driver And causing the computer to operate as a second virtual machine with a high speed packet communication application using the poll mode driver.

  According to the present invention, since the paravirtualized network device can correspond to the device driver on the guest operating system, the paravirtualized network device not adapted to the device driver can be used.

It is a block diagram for demonstrating the structure of the paravirtualized network device which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the initialization process procedure of the paravirtualized network device which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram for demonstrating the function structure of the information processing apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram for demonstrating the function structure of the information processing apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the principal part structure of the virtio device which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the operation | movement of the virtio device at the time of the virtio driver connection in 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the operation | movement of the virtio device at the time of pole mode driver connection in 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the initialization process procedure of the virtio device in the information processing apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the packet reception processing procedure of the normal application in the information processing apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the packet transmission processing procedure of the normal application in the information processing apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the packet transmission / reception processing procedure of the high-speed packet communication application in the information processing apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be exemplarily described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the component described in the following embodiment is an illustration to the last, and it is not a thing of the meaning which limits the technical scope of this invention only to them.

First Embodiment
A paravirtualized network device as a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The paravirtualized network device 100 includes an initialization unit 101.

  The initialization unit 101 initializes the interface of the paravirtualized network device 100 to operate as a device adapted to the type of device driver of an application operating on a guest operating system operating on a virtual machine.

  Next, the initialization processing procedure of the paravirtualized network device 100 will be described with reference to FIG.

  In step S201, the initialization unit 101 of the paravirtualized network device 100 receives notification of the type of device driver from the guest operating system. Next, in step S203, the initialization unit 101 initializes and operates the interface of the paravirtualized network device 100 according to the type of device driver.

  According to the present embodiment, the initialization unit 101 initializes the interface of the paravirtualized network device 100 so as to operate as a device adapted to the type of device driver included in the application.

  Therefore, the paravirtualized network device 100 can be used as a device adapted to the device driver provided in the guest operating system.

Second Embodiment
An information processing apparatus 300 according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The information processing apparatus 300 includes hardware 301. Further, the host operating system 302 operates on the hardware 301, and the virtual switch 321 and the virtual machine 303 operate on the host operating system 302.

  The virtual switch 321 can perform network communication through the physical network card when the physical network card is connected to the hardware 301.

  The virtual machine 303 includes a processor emulator 331 connected to the virtual switch 321 and a paravirtualized network device 332.

  Furthermore, on the virtual machine 303, a guest operating system 304 operates, and on the guest operating system 304, an application 305 having a device driver 351 operates.

  In addition, the paravirtualized network device 332 is provided by the processor emulator 331, and includes an initialization unit 333.

  The initialization unit 333 receives notification from the guest operating system 304 regarding the type of device driver 351 possessed by the application 305 operating on the guest operating system 304. Then, the interface of the paravirtualized network device 332 is initialized to operate as a device adapted to the device driver 351. Thus, the paravirtualized network device 332 operates as a device adapted to the device driver 351 that the application 305 has.

  According to the present embodiment, the paravirtualized network device 332 can be used as a device adapted to the device driver 351 of the application 305.

  Thus, the application 305 can control the operation of the virtual switch 321 on the host operating system 302 through the guest operating system 304 and the virtual machine 303.

  When two or more virtual machines exist on the host operating system 302, it is possible to communicate between applications on different virtual machines using paravirtualized network devices of the respective virtual machines. .

Third Embodiment
Next, an information processing apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described using FIGS. 4 to 8.

Prerequisite technology
A technology for controlling a network with software called SDN (Software-Defined Networking) has attracted attention. Furthermore, a technology that virtualizes a network function called NFV (Network Function Virtualization) to increase the flexibility of services is attracting attention. A general purpose server can be used to reduce application-specific hardware, simplify the configuration and facilitate operation. Virtualization is used as these elemental technologies.

  A virtual machine monitor represented by KVM / qemu (Kernel-based Virtual Machine / qemu) in server virtualization performs emulation of input / output devices. The virtio device exists as a standard emulation device of a network card in virtualization. The virtio device appears to a guest operating system operating in a virtual machine as a general peripheral component interconnect (PCI) device. For this reason, many operating systems used as guest operating systems provide device drivers for virtio devices.

  As server virtualization is becoming more common in data centers and the like, high-speed packet communication is required for network services that handle a large number of packets such as firewalls and DPI (Deep Packet Inspection).

  The packet communication performance of the network has become a major issue in server virtualization. By causing a physical device to be directly handled by a guest operating system using PCI pass-through or SR-IOV (Single Root I / O Virtualization) pass-through technology or the like, it is possible to obtain performance substantially equivalent to that of a physical environment. However, the flexibility of using virtualization is lost.

  On the other hand, DPDK (Data Plane Development Kit), which is a development kit for creating an application for performing packet communication at high speed in a general-purpose server, has attracted attention.

  DPDK uses a mechanism called poll mode driver to reduce device access latency and realize high-speed packet communication. For this reason, high-speed packet communication applications are being created using DPDK. Also, with the progress of service flexibility and operation simplification using virtualization technology, application of high-speed packet communication application using DPDK is required.

  When trying to secure the packet communication performance of the network using DPDK in the guest operating system, it is difficult for the virtio device to perform high-speed packet communication. That is, the virtio device emulates a general PCI device. For this reason, when the device access from the driver is performed, the emulation by the host operating system is included, the overhead (the size of indirect or additional processing) becomes large, and it becomes difficult to perform high-speed packet communication. ing.

  In order to realize high-speed packet communication, there is also a proposal to implement a special device in a virtual machine in accordance with the operation of the DPDK poll mode driver. However, such a special device can be accessed only by a guest operating system having a driver dedicated to that device, and can not be used by a guest operating system used in a general server application. Therefore, it is necessary to change the type of the virtual machine in accordance with the guest operating system in the application of the service to be deployed (deploy), and the management becomes complicated.

<< Description of this embodiment >>
FIG. 4 is a block diagram for explaining a functional configuration of the information processing apparatus according to the present embodiment. In the figure, the information processing apparatus 400 includes hardware 401 on which a physical network interface card (NIC: Network Interface Card) 411 is mounted. The physical NIC 411 is connected to the hardware 401, and transmits and receives packets to and from a network (not shown).

  A host operating system 402 is operating on the hardware 401. Furthermore, on the host operating system 402, a virtual switch 421 and two virtual machines (VM: Virtual Machine) 403 and 404 are operating. In the present embodiment, Linux (registered trademark) is used as the host operating system 402.

  Each of the virtual machines 403 and 404 is realized by KVM / qemu, has qemu 431 and 441, and includes virtio devices 433 and 443 as paravirtualized network devices provided by qemu 431 and 441.

  In addition, virtio devices 433 and 443 of virtual machines 403 and 404 are connected to virtual switch 421 through vhost-user back end functions 432 and 442 provided by qemu 431 and 441 and vhost-user 422 provided by virtual switch 421. . As a result, the virtio devices 433 and 443 can use the physical NIC 411 via the virtual switch 421, and can communicate via an external network.

  The virtio device 433, 443 includes an initialization unit 434, 444 used when connecting with the device driver of the application 407, 408 operating on the guest operating system 405, 406 operating on the virtual machine 403, 404. There is.

  On the guest operating system 405, a normal application 407 having a virtio driver 471 is operating.

  On the guest operating system 406, a high speed packet communication application 408 having a poll mode driver 482 of the DPDK 481 is operating. In the present embodiment, the high-speed packet communication application 408 is created using DPDK.

  The normal application 407 operating on the virtual machine 403 performs network communication through the virtio device 433, the virtual switch 421 and the physical NIC 411 using the virtio driver 471.

  The high-speed packet communication application 408 operating on the virtual machine 404 performs network communication through the virtio device 443, the virtual switch 421 and the physical NIC 411 using the poll mode driver 482.

  FIG. 5 is a view for explaining the main configuration of the virtio devices 433, 443. As shown in FIG. 5, the virtio devices 433 and 443 include initialization units 434 and 444, an interface 501 for virtio driver, and an interface 502 for pole mode driver. The initialization units 434 and 444 include determination units 535 and 545. Furthermore, the interface for virtio driver 501 has a PCI register 511.

  In the guest operating system 405 operating on the virtual machine 403, the virtio device 433 is recognized as a PCI device, and can be recognized and controlled by the virtio driver 471.

  That is, the guest operating system 405 notifies the determining unit 535 of the initializing unit 434 of the virtio device 433 to operate the virtio device 433 as a PCI device. When the initialization unit 434 initializes the virtio device 433, as shown in FIG. 6, the virtio driver 471 transmits the virtio device 433 via the PCI register 511 of the interface 501 for the virtio driver and the memory 602. You can make a request. Further, the processing completion notification of the virtio device 433 is transmitted to the virtio driver 471 through an interrupt to the CPU (central processing unit) 601. When transmitting a packet, a transmission instruction is written to the PCI register 511 so as to transmit the packet stored in the memory 602. When the packet transmission is completed, the virtio device 433 interrupts the CPU 601, and the virtio driver 471 uses the PCI register 511 and the memory 602 to confirm the transmission completion. At the time of packet reception, the virtio device 433 writes packet information in the memory 602 and interrupts the CPU 601. In response to the interrupt, the virtio driver 471 checks packet information on the memory 602 and sets a memory area for a new packet through the PCI register 511.

  On the other hand, in the guest operating system 406 operating on the virtual machine 404, the virtio device 443 is recognized as a PCI device. However, the high-speed packet communication application 408 uses the poll mode driver 482 of the DPDK 481 to access the virtio device 443 with an interface dedicated to poll mode. Thereby, the overhead in the virtio device 443 can be removed, and the high-speed packet communication application 408 can perform high-speed packet communication.

  That is, the guest operating system 406 notifies the determining unit 545 of the initializing unit 444 of the virtio device 443 to operate the virtio device 443 as a device adapted to the poll mode driver 482. Thus, the virtio device 443 is initialized by the initialization unit 444, and as shown in FIG. That is, it operates by securing packet operation areas for transmission and reception on the memory 702. At the time of packet transmission, the packet is written in the transmission area. In the poll mode operation, the virtio device 443 always checks the transmission area on the memory 602 using the poll mode driver interface 502, and performs transmission processing when transmission packets are stacked. Also, when the virtio device 443 receives a packet, it writes the packet to the reception area on the memory 702. The poll mode driver 482 is designed to always check the reception area by polling. Therefore, the poll mode driver 482 finds that there is a received packet by polling and receives the packet.

  Therefore, the high-speed packet communication application 408 can perform high-speed communication with reduced virtualization overhead using the virtio device 443.

  Next, the initialization processing procedure of the virtio devices 433 and 443 in the information processing apparatus 400 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.

  In step S801, the system administrator creates virtual machines (VM: Virtual Machine) 403 and 404. In step S803, when the guest operating system 405, 406 is activated, the guest operating system 405, 406 probes the virtio device 433, 443 in step S805. As a result of this probe, the guest operating system 405 normally determines the type of driver possessed by the application 407 and requests the virtio device 433 to adapt to the virtio driver 471. The guest operating system 406 also determines the type of driver that the high-speed packet communication application 408 has, and requests the virtio device 443 to adapt to the poll mode driver 482.

  After this, the virtio devices 433 and 443 start initialization. In step S 807, the initialization units 434 and 444 of the virtio devices 433 and 443 included in the virtual machines 403 and 404 determine whether the device driver included in the applications 407 and 408 is a DPDK poll mode driver.

  As a result of the determination in step S807, if the DPDK is a pole mode driver, the initialization units 434 and 444 initialize the virtio devices 433 and 443 as devices adapted to the pole mode driver in step S809. Thereafter, in step S811, the initialization units 434 and 444 determine whether or not the initialization is successful. If the initialization is not successful, the process proceeds to step S813. If the initialization is successful, the process is performed. Finish.

  If it is determined in step S 807 that the DPDK poll mode driver is not selected, the initialization units 434 and 444 initialize the virtio devices 433 and 443 as standard virtio devices in step S 813. Thus, the virtio devices 433 and 443 operate as standard virtio devices.

  In the present embodiment, since the device driver included in the normal application 407 is the virtio driver 471, the initialization unit 434 initializes and operates the virtio device 433 as a standard virtio device. On the other hand, since the device driver included in the high-speed packet communication application 408 is the pole mode driver 482 of the DPDK 481, the initialization unit 444 initializes the virtio device 443 as a device adapted to the pole mode driver and operates. When the initialization unit 444 of the virtio device 443 can not initialize the virtio device 443 as a device adapted to the pole mode driver, the initialization unit 444 initializes it as a standard virtio device. This causes the virtio device 443 to operate as a standard virtio device. In this case, the high speed packet communication application 408 can use the virtio device 443 although the overhead is large. Therefore, it is not necessary to separate virtual machines to be provided corresponding to each of the normal application and the high-speed packet communication application.

  Next, the processing procedure when the normal application 407 performs packet communication will be described with reference to FIG.

  The normal application 407 communicates with the outside of the virtual machine 403 through the network stack 901.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the processing procedure when the normal application 407 receives a packet. When the normal application 407 receives a packet, when the virtio device 433 receives the packet, the virtio device 433 notifies the virtio driver 471 of the reception of the packet using an interrupt. The virtio driver 471 receives packet data in response to a packet reception interrupt. This packet data is usually passed to the application 407 after being processed by the network stack 901.

  FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the processing procedure when the normal application 407 transmits a packet. When the normal application 407 transmits a packet, the normal application 407 passes the transmission data to the network stack 901. Then, the network stack 901 constructs a packet and passes it to the virtio driver 471. The virtio driver 471 instructs the virtio device 433 to transmit a packet. When the virtio device 433 completes the packet transmission, the virtio device 433 issues a transmission completion interrupt to the virtio driver 471, and the data transmission is completed.

  Next, a processing procedure when the high-speed packet communication application 408 performs packet communication will be described. FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the processing procedure when the high-speed packet communication application 408 performs packet communication.

  The high speed packet communication application 408 operates the virtio device 443 through the poll mode driver 482 of the DPDK 481. In the DPDK 481, packet reception processing is a polling operation. That is, the high speed packet communication application 408 fetches data directly from the virtio device 443 through the poll mode driver 482. If the data to be captured does not exist on the virtio device 443, the high speed packet communication application 408 proceeds to the next process without doing anything. When transmitting a packet, the high-speed packet communication application 408 checks the transmission descriptor of the virtio device 443 through the poll mode driver 482 and transmits the packet if there is a space. If there is no space in the transmission descriptor, the high-speed packet communication application 408 proceeds to the next process without doing anything.

  In the present embodiment, Linux (registered trademark) is used as the host operating system 402, but the present invention is not limited to this. Furthermore, although the high-speed packet communication application 408 and the poll mode driver 482 are created using the DPDK 481 in this embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this. Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the para-virtualized device is virtio and the processor emulator is qemu, but the present invention is not limited to this.

[Other embodiments]
Although the present invention has been described above with reference to the embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The configurations and details of the present invention can be modified in various ways that can be understood by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention. Also included within the scope of the present invention are systems or devices that combine the different features included in each embodiment.

  Furthermore, the present invention may be applied to a system configured of a plurality of devices or to a single device. Furthermore, the present invention is also applicable to the case where an information processing program for realizing the functions of the embodiments is supplied to a system or apparatus directly or remotely. Therefore, in order to realize the functions of the present invention on a computer, a program installed on the computer, a medium storing the program, and a WWW (World Wide Web) server for downloading the program are also included in the scope of the present invention. . In particular, a non-transitory computer readable medium storing a program that causes a computer to execute at least the processing steps included in the above-described embodiment is included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

According to a device driver used by an application operating on a guest operating system, the computer comprises an initialization means for initializing an interface with the device driver ,
The initialization unit initializes the interface as an interface adapted to the poll mode driver when the device driver is a poll mode driver, and an interface adapts the interface to the virtio driver when the device driver is a virtio driver Para-virtualized network device to initialize as . The initialization means includes determination means for determining whether the device driver is a pole mode driver or a virtio driver based on a notification from the guest operating system, and an initial stage according to the determination result by the determination means. The paravirtualized network device according to claim 1, wherein the virtualization is performed . The interface adapted to the poll mode driver processes packet communications in response to polling from a high speed packet communication application through the poll mode driver,
  The interface according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the interface applied to the virtio driver processes packet communication with a normal application via the network stack while interrupting the virtio driver at the time of packet reception and packet transmission completion. Virtualized network device. The information processing apparatus having a virtual machine that runs on the host operating system and the guest operating system running on the virtual machine,
A processor emulator running on the host operating system to form the virtual machine;
A paravirtualized network device comprising an initialization means for initializing an interface with the device driver according to a device driver used by an application operating on the guest operating system;
Equipped with
An information processing apparatus comprising: a first virtual machine comprising a normal application using a virtio driver; and a second virtual machine comprising a high speed packet communication application using a poll mode driver. The initialization means includes determination means for determining whether the device driver is a pole mode driver or a virtio driver based on a notification from the guest operating system, and an initial stage according to the determination result by the determination means The information processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the conversion is performed. The information processing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the second virtual machine is formed if the device driver is determined to be a pole mode driver, and the first virtual machine is formed if the device driver is determined to be a virtio driver. . 7. The information processing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the first virtual machine is formed when the initialization performed by determining that the device driver is a pole mode driver by the initialization unit is not successful. The second virtual machine processes packet communication in response to polling from the high-speed packet communication application through the poll mode driver,
  The first virtual machine processes packet communication with a normal application via a network stack while interrupting the virtio driver at the time of packet reception and packet transmission completion. Information processor as described. And virtual machines running on the host operating system, a method of controlling an information processing apparatus having a guest operating system running on the virtual machine,
A virtual machine creation step in which a processor emulator operating on the host operating system forms the virtual machine;
An initialization step of initializing an interface with the device driver according to a device driver used by an application operating on the guest operating system;
Including
When the interface with the virtio driver is initialized in the initialization step, the formed virtual machine operates as a first virtual machine having a normal application using the virtio driver, and in the initialization step, the poll mode driver A control method of an information processing apparatus in which the formed virtual machine operates as a second virtual machine provided with a high-speed packet communication application using the poll mode driver when an interface with is initialized. And virtual machines running on the host operating system, a control program of an information processing apparatus and a guest operating system running on the virtual machine,
A virtual machine creation step in which a processor emulator operating on the host operating system forms the virtual machine;
An initialization step of initializing an interface with the device driver according to a device driver used by an application operating on the guest operating system;
On your computer,
When the interface with the virtio driver is initialized in the initialization step, the formed virtual machine operates as a first virtual machine having a normal application using the virtio driver, and in the initialization step, the poll mode driver A control program of an information processing device which causes a computer to execute such that the formed virtual machine operates as a second virtual machine provided with a high speed packet communication application using the poll mode driver when the interface with is initialized.

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