JPH034723A - Culture greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To extremely efficiently grow plants by culturing plants using a greenhouse consisting of a roof part made of a light transmitting material and a ceiling composed of a light dispersing material to transmit and disperse sunlight transmitted from the roof part. CONSTITUTION:A culture bed 20 is formed in a greenhouse comprising a roof part 10 made of a light transmitting material and a light dispersing material 14 to transmit and disperse sunlight passed from the roof part 10 so as to cover a ceiling shape and plants are cultured in the greenhouse so that light rays can be totally irradiated and plants are uniformly grown.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] (Industrial application field) The present invention relates to a cultivation house used for plant cultivation and the like.

(Conventional technology) Greenhouse cultivation requires efficient cultivation by making effective use of the limited space inside the greenhouse, and the effective use of sunlight to obtain high-quality products. Ru. For this reason, for example, the cultivation beds placed inside the greenhouse are not just installed flat, but can be tilted to increase the cultivation area, or the cultivation beds can be arranged like shelves to increase the space above the greenhouse. Attempts are being made to make effective use of it.

Figure 5 is an example of a cultivation house that has been used conventionally. In a typical cultivation house, the roof and side walls are made of light-transmitting material to allow sunlight to penetrate into the greenhouse. ing. Reference numeral 2 denotes cultivation beds installed in the greenhouse, and in this example, the cultivation beds are arranged side by side with a passage 3 open.

(Problem to be Solved by the Invention) As mentioned above, in a normal greenhouse, the roof and side walls are made of a light-transmitting material so that sunlight can reach the cultivated plants inside the greenhouse. If the cultivation bed is formed in the form of a shelf to increase the area, the angle at which the sunlight enters changes as the height of the sun changes, and if the sunlight enters at an angle, it will shade the cultivation bed. However, there was a problem that the cultivated plants were not exposed to enough light evenly, resulting in uneven growth of the cultivated plants.In addition, depending on the installation location of the cultivation house and the direction of installation, such as installing it north-south, the light exposure may vary. There were also problems such as differences between the two.

Therefore, the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and its purpose is to be able to use the area of the greenhouse extremely efficiently for cultivation, and to
To provide a cultivation house in which cultivated plants can be properly cultivated by receiving sufficient sunlight.

(Means for solving a+ problem) The present invention has the following configuration to achieve the above object.

In other words, in a cultivation house in which a cultivation bed for cultivating plants is placed inside and is formed so that sunlight enters from the outside and the cultivated plants are irradiated with light, the roof of the house is formed of a light-transmitting material. .

The ceiling inside the house is characterized by being formed of a light dispersion material that transmits and disperses sunlight that has passed through the roof. In addition, the side walls of the house may be formed of a heat insulating material, or the cultivation bed may have a forked frame whose lower end is supported so as to be openable and closable, and the mounting shelf on which the cultivated plants are placed may have a stepped shape. It is preferable to use a structure that is supported in multiple stages.

(Function) External light enters the house through the light-transmitting material on the roof, passes through the light-dispersing material provided on the ceiling, and is irradiated onto cultivated plants. By passing through the light dispersion material, the light is dispersed and evenly irradiated within the house. This allows cultivated plants to grow evenly. In addition, there are cultivation beds in which the mounting shelves are supported in a stepped manner.

When necessary, the lower end of the frame is closed to create a passageway, and during normal times, the frame is opened to allow sufficient light to reach the cultivated plants.

(Embodiments) Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing one embodiment of a cultivation house according to the present invention.

In the figure, 10 is the roof of the house, which is made of a light-transmitting material. Reference numeral 12 denotes a side wall portion of the house, and the side wall portion 12 is formed of a heat insulating material that does not transmit light. In the embodiment, a side wall portion 12 is provided following the roof portion 10, and the entire house is formed in a semicylindrical shape.

Reference numeral 14 denotes a light dispersion material that transmits and disperses light that has passed through the roof section 10 and entered the house, and is provided below the roof section 10 so as to cover it in a ceiling shape.

The material of this light dispersion material 14 is not particularly limited as long as it can disperse light. FIGS. 2 and 3 show examples of use as the light dispersion material 14, and FIG. 2 shows Fresnel. Lens block shape plate, Figure 3 is a concave and convex lens engraving. In the examples of FIGS. 2 and 3, there is a convex or concave shape. Note that it is of course possible to use a long plate shape instead of a square shape as shown in the figure.

Further, in FIG. 1, reference numeral 20 denotes a cultivation bed installed in the greenhouse, and this cultivation bed 20 includes a frame 24 that fixes the cultivation shelf 22, and a drive unit 28 that moves the lower end of the frame 24 on a base 26. .

A wire 30 connects the lower end of the frame 24 and the drive section 28, and by rotating a handle 32 provided on the drive section 28, the length of the wire 30 to be fed out can be changed and the opening angle of the frame 24 can be changed. A roller 34 is provided at the lower end of the frame 24 to facilitate movement of the frame.

As shown in the figure, the cultivation shelves 22 are installed in a stair-like manner on the frame 1124, each with 8! The shelf extends in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper.

Next, to explain the operation of the above embodiment, as shown in FIG. After the external light is once dispersed by the material 14, it is irradiated downward. [Light dispersion material] By dispersing the outside light with 4, the light is evenly irradiated inside the house,
Even when the cultivation beds are set up in the form of shelves as shown in the figure, the entire cultivated plants are irradiated with light.

That is, in the case of the above embodiment, since the mounting shelf 22 is installed three-dimensionally, it is likely to be in the shade when light hits it from an angle as in the conventional case, but as described above, when light hits it from the ceiling direction, By applying the light, you can apply light evenly to the entire area. In the embodiment, a material that blocks light is used as the side wall portion 12 to prevent light from entering from the sides, so that even if the height of the sun changes, outside light only enters from the roof portion 10 side. This allows light to shine from the ceiling. In this way, if the cultivated plants are uniformly exposed to light as a whole, the plants can grow at the same rate and grow evenly.

Furthermore, the use of a heat insulating material in the side wall portion 12 has the effect of blocking light and improving the heat retention effect within the house.

The cultivation bed 20 used in the above embodiment is configured so that the lower end of the frame 24 can be opened and closed.1 During normal cultivation, the frame 24 is opened and the cultivation shelf 22 is opened using the entire area of the cultivation house. The cultivation beds are widely arranged, and the frame 24 is slightly closed only when harvesting or maintenance work is performed to provide a passage between the cultivation beds. In this way, by opening the passageway only when necessary work is required, the area inside the house can be used most effectively.

For example, when comparing the yield obtained by actually cultivating the above cultivation house and the conventional cultivation house shown in Figure 5, it is found that when the target cultivation plant is sunny lettuce, the cultivation bed area in the conventional example is 15m x 36m, cultivation area 540
m” can grow approximately 3,600 plants,
In this example, the cultivation bed area is 4.2 m x 36 m,
With a cultivation area of 151.2rn2, 3600 plants can be cultivated. Comparing the cultivation area, when the cultivation house of this example is used, the area can be reduced to 1/3.57, which shows that the cultivation area can be used extremely efficiently. In addition, in the cultivation rack of this example, 1.
You can plant 9 sunny lettuce plants within a length of 8m.
In conventional flat cultivation, 24 plants of sunny lettuce can be planted within a 1.2 m x 1.8 ro cultivation bed.

Furthermore, in the case where the cultivation bed is formed into a shelf shape as described above, there is an advantage that air circulation between the cultivated plants is good, and it is possible to prevent the cultivated plants from getting stuffy and rotting in the summer or the like. In other words, in conventional flat cultivation,
Since cultivated plants are planted side by side, as the plants grow, they stick together, and even when airflow is applied, the air cannot circulate, which can lead to suffocation and rotting of the stems.

In this regard, if the cultivation racks 22 are provided separately as described above and the cultivated plants are planted in rows, air will circulate around the sides of the plants, and since the cultivation racks are provided with spaces above and below, Air circulation is facilitated.

The above-mentioned cultivation house has a semicylindrical shape as shown in Fig. 1, but the shape of the cultivation house is not particularly limited, and it may of course be one with a conventional chevron-shaped roof. Furthermore, in addition to providing the light dispersion material 14 on the ceiling as described above, as shown in FIG. 4, the above-mentioned light dispersion plate may be provided on the skylight section 40 or the side wall window 42, etc.

The outside light can be dispersed within the house, the light irradiation within the house can be made uniform, and the same effect as in the above embodiment can be achieved.

As the light dispersion material 14, in addition to attaching a light dispersion plate that acts as a lens to the ceiling as described above, a reflection plate or a reflector that reflects light incident from the roof in various directions may be used on the ceiling. Alternatively, the sheets may be arranged.

The present invention has been variously explained above using preferred embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Of course, many modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

(Effects of the Invention) According to the present invention, by having the configuration as described above,
Regardless of the installation location or direction of the cultivation house, the cultivated plants in the cultivation house can be illuminated evenly with light, allowing the plants to grow uniformly and in a uniform manner, resulting in high-quality production. can get things.

Furthermore, by providing the cultivation beds in a stepped manner and configuring the lower end of the frame to be movable to open and close, it is possible to effectively utilize the area of the cultivation house and achieve even more efficient cultivation.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the cultivation house according to the present invention, Figs. 2 and 3 are explanatory diagrams showing an example of a light dispersion material, and Fig. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of the cultivation house. , FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a conventional cultivation house. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10... Roof part, 12... Side wall part, 14... Light dispersion material, 20... Cultivation bed, 22... Mounting shelf,
24... Frame, 28... Drive unit, 30.
... wire, 40 ... skylight, 42 ... side wall window.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A cultivation house in which a cultivation bed for cultivating plants is arranged and formed so that sunlight enters from the outside and the cultivated plants are irradiated with light, wherein the roof of the house is What is claimed is: 1. A cultivation house formed of a light-transmitting material, characterized in that a ceiling section of the house is formed of a light-dispersing material that transmits and disperses sunlight that has passed through the roof section. 2. The cultivation house according to claim 1, wherein the side walls of the house are formed of a heat insulating material. 3. The cultivation house according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation bed has a forked frame whose lower end is supported so as to be openable and closable, and a plurality of mounting shelves on which cultivated plants are placed are supported in a stepped manner.