JPH0399671A - Apparatus controlling amount of ultrafiltration - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make it possible to control freely the amt. of ultrafiltration by providing a pair of variable vol. type dialyzate container connected in parallel through switch valves to a dialyzate circuit connected with a blood dialyzer and a double acting piston pump connected with each differential liq. chamber of said containers. CONSTITUTION:A pair of variable vol. type dialyzate containers 1 and 2 are connected in parallel through switch valves from V-1 till V-4 to a dialyzate circuit 7 connected with a blood dialyzer 5 and are alternately operated and a double acting piston pump 4 is connected with each differential liq. chamber 3-1 and 3-2 of each container 1 and 2 and makes a difference between amt. of feeding liq. and discharging liq. of a dialyzate. In addition, a pair of containers 1 and 2 consist of dialyzate feeding liq. chambers A-1 and A-2, dialyzate discharging liq. chambers B-1 and B-2 and differential liq. chambers 3-1 and 3-2 each divided with two stretchable membranes 1a and 1b and 2a and 2b, respectively and each chamber has respectively circuit connecting parts A-1a, B-1a and 3-1a and A-2b, B-2b and 3-2b. The orders in these chambers are the same each other and e.g. when feeding of a dialyzate is performed in the chamber A of the container 1, a dischaging liq. is sucked in the chamber B and in this instance, the chamber A of the container 2 sucks a dialyzate and the chamber B discharges a discharging liq.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates generally to medical equipment, and particularly to artificial dialysis.

In particular, the present invention relates to a control device for removing excess water from a patient by ultrafiltration in hemodialysis therapy for a patient suffering from renal failure or the like.

(Prior art) Among ultrafiltration devices that remove water from blood by creating sex differences between blood and dialysate through a hemodialysis membrane, the following method is used to control the amount of filtration as accurately as possible during dialysis. It is being done. First, there is a method in which a flow meter is used to measure the inflow and outflow of dialysate into a dialyzer, and the difference is integrated to obtain the amount of ultrafiltration per unit time.

Next, the inflow and outflow amounts of dialysate into the dialyzer are always maintained at the same volume using fixed-volume containers, and an ultrafiltration pump is connected to the inflow or outflow side of the dialysate sealed circuit. There is a system in which the amount of suction becomes the amount of ultrafiltration removed from the blood side to the dialysate side.

(Problem to be solved by the invention) The first method described above has a limitation in the accuracy of the flowmeter, and
Due to the special nature of the dialysate, scales such as calcium carbonate adhere to the flow meter, which tends to cause malfunctions, and there are problems with accuracy.

In the second method mentioned above, since the ultrafiltration pump is a micro-capacity pump, due to the special nature of the dialysate, like the flowmeter described above, malfunction may occur due to the adhesion of scales such as calcium carbonate inside the pump. Easy to occur. Another disadvantage is that it loses its function when gas is sucked in, so a degassing device must be installed to remove gas from the dialysate in advance.

(Means for Solving the Problems) In view of the above problems, the ultrafiltration amount control device according to the present invention does not require an ultrafiltration pump and therefore does not require a special deaeration device. This makes it possible to arbitrarily control the amount of external filtration.

In other words, by using two dialysate containers that can automatically change the amount of dialysate supplied to the hemodialyzer and the amount of dialysate discharged from the dialyzer, and by switching the flow of dialysate. Four switching valves were connected in a closed circuit to the hemodialyzer to allow continuous flow of dialysate to the dialyzer. In order to provide a difference between the amount of dialysate supplied and the amount discharged from this container, a differential pressure fluid chamber is provided and a piston pump is provided that changes the volume of the chamber depending on its operating mode.

Below, the specific configuration of the ultrafiltration rate control device according to the present invention will be explained in detail.

First, the configuration of the first invention will be described. The invention first includes a hemodialyzer. Next, there is a pair of variable volume dialysate containers. The pair of variable volume dialysate containers include a first dialysate container and a second dialysate container connected in parallel through switching valves connected to the dialysate circuit connected to the hemodialyzer so as to operate alternately. It consists of a dialysate container.

Then there are double-acting piston pumps. This double-acting piston pump is coupled to each differential pressure fluid chamber of the variable volume dialysate container described above.

The above-mentioned pair of variable capacity dialysate containers each have a dialysate supply chamber, a dialysate drain chamber, and a differential pressure liquid chamber each separated by two elastic membranes or movable plates. Each chamber has a circuit connection part. Note that the order of the above chambers is the same.

Next, the configuration of the second invention will be described. This invention first includes a hemodialyzer. Next, there is a pair of variable volume dialysate containers. The pair of variable volume 8-type dialysate containers are connected in parallel to the dialysate circuit connected to the hemodialyzer through switching valves that are respectively connected to operate alternately. Consists of two dialysate containers.

And there are a pair of differential pressure chambers. This pair of differential pressure chambers are each provided in the same dialysate circuit between the variable volume dialysate container and the switching valve, either the supply circuit or the drain circuit. each circuit is coupled to its dialysate chamber. Additionally, there are double-acting piston pumps. This double-acting piston pump is coupled to the differential pressure liquid chamber of the differential pressure chamber described above.

The variable volume dialysate container described above consists of a dialysate supply chamber and a dialysate drain chamber, each of which is separated by a stretchable membrane or a movable plate, and a circuit is connected to each chamber. It consists of a material with a part.

Further, the above-mentioned differential pressure chamber is composed of a dialysate chamber and a differential pressure chamber, each of which is separated by a stretchable membrane or a movable plate, and each chamber has a circuit connection part. Become.

Furthermore, the configuration of the third invention will be described. This invention first includes a hemodialyzer. Next, there is a pair of variable volume dialysate containers. The pair of variable volume dialysate containers include a first dialysate container and a second dialysate container connected in parallel through switching valves connected to the dialysate circuit connected to the hemodialyzer so as to operate alternately. It consists of a dialysate container. Finally, there is a pair of single acting piston pumps. This one
A pair of single-acting piston pumps are coupled to respective differential pressure fluid chambers of the variable volume dialysate container described above.

The above-mentioned pair of variable capacity dialysate containers each have a dialysate supply chamber, a dialysate drain chamber, and a differential pressure liquid chamber each separated by two elastic membranes or movable plates. The chamber consists of a circuit board with a circuit connection section in each chamber. Note that the order of the chambers described above is not the same.

Finally, the configuration of the fourth invention will be described. This invention first includes a hemodialyzer. Next, there is a pair of variable volume dialysate containers. The pair of variable volume dialysate containers include a first dialysate container and a second dialysate container connected in parallel through switching valves connected to the dialysate circuit connected to the hemodialyzer so as to operate alternately. It consists of a dialysate container. And there are a pair of differential pressure chambers. The pair of differential pressure chambers are provided in different circuits of the dialysate circuit between the variable volume dialysate container and the switching valve, which are either the fluid supply circuit or the drainage circuit. and each circuit is coupled to its dialysate chamber. Finally, there is a pair of single acting piston pumps. This pair of single-acting screws and bombs is connected to the differential fluid chamber of the differential pressure chamber.

The variable volume dialysate container described above consists of a dialysate supply chamber and a dialysate drain chamber, each of which is separated by a stretchable membrane or a movable plate, and a circuit is connected to each chamber. It is made of a material with a connecting part.

Further, the above-mentioned differential pressure chamber is composed of a dialysate chamber and a differential pressure chamber, each of which is separated by a stretchable membrane or a movable plate, and each chamber has a circuit connection part. Become.

(Function) Since the ultrafiltration rate control device according to the present invention has the above configuration, the following effects occur.

First, the operation of the first invention will be described. The invention operates alternately because a pair of variable volume dialysate containers are connected in parallel through switching valves to a dialysate circuit leading to a hemodialyzer.

A double-acting piston pump is coupled to each differential pressure fluid chamber of the variable volume dialysate container to create a difference between the input and output volumes of dialysate.

The pair of variable volume dialysate containers described above each have a dialysate supply chamber, a dialysate drain chamber, and a differential pressure fluid separated by two stretchable membranes or movable plates. It consists of chambers, each having a circuit connection, and since the order of the chambers is the same, when supplying dialysate to one chamber of one variable volume dialysate container, The other chamber sucks in the effluent, and at this time, one chamber of the other variable volume dialysate container takes in the dialysate and the other chamber discards the effluent.

Next, the operation of the second invention will be described. This invention basically has the same effect as the first invention described above. However, the principle remains the same, except that the position of the differential pressure liquid chamber is different on the same liquid supply side or liquid discharge side.

Furthermore, the operation of the third invention will be described. This invention 3 Basically, the operation is the same as that of the first invention described above.

However, the position of the differential pressure liquid chamber is separated into the liquid supply side and the liquid discharge side. Therefore, it is a single-acting piston pump, and the principle remains the same.

Finally, the operation of the fourth invention will be described. This invention also basically has the same effect as the third invention. However, the principle remains the same, except that the position of the differential pressure liquid chamber is different on the same liquid supply side or liquid discharge side.

(Embodiments) The ultrafiltration control device according to the present invention will be described below with reference to preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 shows a liquid circuit diagram of an embodiment of the ultrafiltration rate control device according to the present invention.

First, there is a general hemodialyzer 5. Next, there are a pair of variable volume dialysate containers 1 and 2. The pair of variable volume dialysate containers 1 and 2 each have one chamber and two stretchable membranes 1a, lb, 2a whose ends are closely attached to the containers 1, 2=14.

From the left, it consists of dialysate supply chambers A-1 and A-2, dialysate drainage chambers B-1 and B-2, and differential pressure chambers 3-1 and 3-2. Circuit coupling parts A-1a, A-2b, in each chamber.
B-1a.

It consists of those having B-2b, 3-1'a, and 3-2b. The order of the chambers described above is the same for this pair of variable volume dialysate containers 1 and 2.

This differential pressure liquid chamber 3-1.3-2 shown in this embodiment is the dialysate drainage chamber 8-1. The position next to B-2 and not in contact with the dialysate supply chambers A-1 and A-2 is very important.

That is, these membranes are easily torn. Therefore, when this differential pressure liquid chamber 3-1.3-2 is next to the dialysate supply chambers A-1 and A-2, when those membranes are ruptured, the dialysate is supplied to the differential pressure liquid chamber 3. -1
．． Liquid such as silicone in 3-2 gets mixed in, making cleanup difficult. In contrast, its differential pressure fluid chamber
This is because even if liquid such as silicon in 3-1.3-2 gets mixed into the dialysate drainage, there is no problem because it is discarded as is.

Further, the pair of variable capacity dialysate containers 1 and 2 are connected to the dialysate circuit 7 connected to the hemodialyzer 5 with switching valves V-1, V-2 connected to the dialysate circuit 7 so as to operate alternately, respectively.
, V-3, and V-4, the first dialysate container 1 and the second dialysate container 2 are connected in parallel.

The variable capacity dialysate containers 1 and 2 each have a dialysate supply chamber A-1, B-1 and a dialysate drain chamber A-1 separated by a stretchable membrane IC. 2
, B-2, and each chamber may have circuit coupling portions A-1a, A-2b, B-1a, and B-2b.

In this case, a pair of differential pressure chambers 3 are provided in drain circuits 7e and 7f of the dialysate circuit 7 between the variable volume dialysate containers 1 and 2 and the switching valves v-2 and V-4. Each circuit 7e, 7f is provided with its dialysate chamber 8-1. They each bind to B-2.

The pair of differential pressure chambers 3 are connected to the drain circuits 7e and 7.
Instead of f, it may be provided in the fluid supply circuits 7g and 7h of the dialysate circuit 7 between the variable volume dialysate containers 1 and 2 and the switching valves v-2 and V-4, respectively.

Then, there is a double-acting piston pump 6. This double-acting piston pump 6 is connected to the differential pressure liquid chambers 3-1 and 3-2 of the variable volume dialysate containers 1 and 2, respectively.

Furthermore, when the order of the chambers of the variable volume dialysate containers 1 and 2 is not the same, for example, the differential pressure fluid chamber chamber 3-1 of the first variable volume dialysate container 1 is arranged in the order shown in FIG. As shown, when the differential pressure fluid chamber chamber 3-2 of the second variable volume dialysate container 2 is located at the far left, and the first variable volume dialysate The dialysate supply chamber A-1 of the container 1 is on the far left,
When the dialysate supply chamber A-2 of the second variable capacity dialysate container 2 is located in the middle, the respective differential pressure liquid chambers 3-1, 3-2 are pressurized and depressurized differently;
They need to be in the same phase.

Therefore, in this case, the piston bone 7 The brake must be single-acting.

Similarly, the first differential pressure chamber is provided in the fluid supply circuit 7g between the variable volume dialysate container 1 and the switching valve V-1, and the second differential pressure chamber is is provided in the drain circuit 7f between the variable capacity dialysate container 2 and the switching valve V-4, one differential pressure chamber is provided in the fluid supply circuit 7g or 7h, and the other Even when these are provided in each of the liquid drain circuits 7e and 7f, since the supplied liquid and the liquid to be absorbed are different, they must be in the same phase.

Therefore, in this case as well, the piston pump must be single-acting.

The operation will be explained above. If the dialysate container 1 is currently in the mote for receiving fresh dialysate/draining used dialysate, the dialysate container 2 is in the mote for supplying fresh dialysate to the dialyzer/receiving used dialysate from the dialyzer. It has become.

That is, when fresh dialysate passes through the switching valve V-1 and enters the dialysate supply chamber A-1 of the container 1, the =18= pressure causes the differential pressure liquid chamber 3-1 in the container to drain dialysate. The chamber 8-1 is displaced until its volume becomes zero, and B
- The used dialysate in 1 is pushed out from the container and the switching valve 12
The liquid is drained out of the device through the In this mode, the liquid piston pump 4 injects a set amount of liquid (liquid silicone) into the differential pressure liquid chamber 3-1 in the container to increase the volume of the differential pressure liquid chamber 3-1 in the container.

Thus, the volume of the separated analysis liquid supply chamber A-1 becomes smaller, and as a result, the amount of fresh dialysate received decreases. on the other hand,
In the dialysate container 2, the used dialysate is sucked from the hemodialyzer 5 by the dialysate pump 6 and sent to the drain chamber B-2 of the container 2 through the switching valve V-4. This pressure causes the differential pressure liquid chamber 3-2 in the container to be displaced, and the fresh dialysate in the dialysate supply chamber A-2 is sent to the hemodialyzer 5 through the switching valve V-3.

At the time of drain reception/fresh dialysate delivery mode in the dialysate container 2, the differential pressure liquid chamber 3-2 in the container 2
A set amount of the liquid (liquid silicone) inside is sucked by the liquid screw bomb 4, and the volume of the differential pressure liquid chamber 3-2 in the container 2 becomes smaller, and as a result, the volume of the liquid drain chamber 8-2 side is reduced by that amount. The size of the dialysate increases, and the amount of used dialysate it receives increases.

As a result, in the hemodialyzer 5, the outflow dialysate is larger than the inflow dialysate, and the difference between the two is compensated for by the amount of ultrafiltration from the blood side.

As described above, more dialysate is drained than the dialysate supplied to the hemodialyzer 5, and the difference is equal to the amount of ultrafiltration, so this difference fil is controlled by the liquid piston pump 4. If the operation of the liquid piston pump 4 is kept constant, the amount of liquid entering the liquid piston pump 4 and the amount of liquid leaving the liquid piston pump 4 are equal. Finished dialysate (B-1 and B-2)
The difference in quantity remains constant.

By repeating this electrical switching of the liquid feeding system mode, dialysate is continuously supplied to the hemodialyzer 5. The amount of ultrafiltration can be controlled arbitrarily by adjusting the operation of the liquid piston pump 4.

In addition, as shown in FIG.
It is also possible to provide 3-1.3-2 by swelling it into a knob. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 3, each dialysate container 1 and 2 has a differential pressure fluid chamber 3-1.
．． It is also possible to provide 3-2 independently.

As shown in FIG. 4, the dialysate containers 1 and 2 and the differential pressure chamber 3-1, 3-2 may be directly connected to the dialysate containers 1 and 2, respectively, on the circuit. Furthermore, as shown in FIG.
and 3-2 may be included. In this case, if stoppers 1d and 3b are provided, the circuit coupling portions B-1a and B-
2b does not have to be blocked.

Further, in FIG. 1, the differential pressure liquid chamber 3-1, 3-2 may be located on the right side or the left side, as shown in FIG. 5.

1-Although there are some problems, it is also possible to arrange the chambers as shown in FIG. 6.

(Effects of the Invention) The ultrafiltration control device according to the present invention provides the following advantages over conventional systems.

First, since the difference between the amount of dialysate supplied and the amount of drained fluid produced by two dialysate containers is the amount of ultrafiltration, the amount of ultrafiltration can be directly confirmed and is accurate.

Secondly, there is no need for devices that have problems with accuracy or maintenance, such as flowmeters or micro-ultrafiltration pumps, or extra deaerators, which greatly improves the accuracy and stability of the device.

Then, setting the ultrafiltration amount becomes very easy and accurate.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a liquid circuit diagram of an embodiment of the ultrafiltration rate control device according to the present invention. 22 FIG. 2 shows a partial circuit diagram of another embodiment. FIG. 3 shows a partial circuit diagram of yet another embodiment. FIG. 4 shows a side cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the dialysate container and differential pressure chamber. FIG. 5 shows a side sectional view of another embodiment of the dialysate container. FIG. 6 shows a side view of yet another embodiment. 1.2... Variable capacity dialysate container Ia, lb, 2a, 2b... Stretchable membrane 3... Differential pressure chamber 3-1.3-2... Differential pressure liquid chamber 4... Double-acting piston pump 5... Hemodialyzer 6... Pump 7... Dialysate circuit 7e, 7f... Drainage circuit 7g, 7h... Liquid supply circuit

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A hemodialyzer, a first dialysate container and a second dialyzer connected in parallel through switching valves connected to the dialysate circuit connected to the hemodialyzer so as to operate alternately, respectively. Ultrafiltration rate control characterized by comprising a pair of variable volume dialysate containers consisting of liquid containers, a double acting piston pump coupled to each differential pressure liquid chamber of the variable volume dialysate containers. Device. The above-mentioned pair of variable capacity dialysate containers each have a dialysate supply chamber, a dialysate drain chamber, and a differential pressure liquid chamber each separated by two elastic membranes or movable plates. Each chamber has a circuit connection part. Note that the order of the above chambers is the same. 2. A hemodialyzer, a pair consisting of a first dialysate container and a second dialysate container connected in parallel through switching valves each connected to the dialysate circuit connected to the hemodialyzer so as to operate alternately; a dialysate circuit between the variable volume dialysate container and the switching valve, each of which is provided in the same circuit, either a supply circuit or a drain circuit; each circuit comprises a pair of differential pressure chambers each coupled to its dialysate chamber, and a double-acting piston pump coupled to the differential pressure fluid chamber of the differential pressure chamber. External filtration rate control device. The variable volume dialysate container described above consists of a dialysate supply chamber and a dialysate drain chamber, each of which is separated by a stretchable membrane or a movable plate, and a circuit is connected to each chamber. It consists of a material with a part. Further, the above-mentioned differential pressure chamber is composed of a dialysate chamber and a differential pressure chamber, each of which is separated by a stretchable membrane or a movable plate, and each chamber has a circuit connection part. Become. 3. A hemodialyzer, a pair consisting of a first dialysate container and a second dialysate container connected in parallel through switching valves each connected to the dialysate circuit connected to the hemodialyzer so as to operate alternately; An ultrafiltration rate control device comprising: a variable volume dialysate container; and a pair of single-acting piston pumps coupled to respective differential pressure fluid chambers of the variable volume dialysate container. The above-mentioned pair of variable capacity dialysate containers each have a dialysate supply chamber, a dialysate drain chamber, and a differential pressure liquid chamber each separated by two elastic membranes or movable plates. Each chamber has a circuit connection part. Note that the order of the chambers described above is not the same. 4. A hemodialyzer, a pair consisting of a first dialysate container and a second dialysate container connected in parallel through switching valves each connected to the dialysate circuit connected to the hemodialyzer so as to operate alternately; A variable capacity dialysate container, and a dialysate circuit between the variable capacity dialysate container and the above-mentioned switching valve, each of which is provided in a different circuit, either a supply circuit or a drain circuit. characterized in that each circuit is comprised of a pair of differential pressure chambers each coupled to its dialysate chamber, and a pair of single-acting piston pumps coupled to the differential fluid chamber of the differential pressure chamber. Ultrafiltration rate control device. The variable volume dialysate container described above consists of a dialysate supply chamber and a dialysate drain chamber, each of which is separated by a stretchable membrane or a movable plate, and a circuit is connected to each chamber. It consists of a material with a part. Further, the above-mentioned differential pressure chamber is composed of a dialysate chamber and a differential pressure chamber, each of which is separated by a stretchable membrane or a movable plate, and each chamber has a circuit connection part. Become.