RU2713379C1 - Apparatus for synchronizing a receiving and transmitting part of a radio link using short-pulse ultra-wideband signals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: communication equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to communication engineering and can be used in wireless communication systems for successful radio exchange of short-pulse ultra-wideband signals without a carrier. Stack is formed of n controlled time window generators (CTWG), one operating cycle of which overlaps the average pulse repetition period UWB synchronization signal, which technically makes it possible to implement algorithm of detected pulse mixture sequence UWB sync signal with channel noise, in which the found values characterizing pulse energy distribution are used UWB sync signal between time windows of adjacent CTWG, to estimate average value and sign of time delay, which must be entered into selected from stack CTWG for synchronism state capture and subsequent reception of information UWB signals. Other CTWG stack during reception of information UWB signals are switched off. Proposed device comprises CTWG, two pulse energy accumulators, a multiplexer, a controlled switch for two positions, two threshold devices, a threshold shaper, a signal combination circuit, a synchronization unit and a processing and control unit.

EFFECT: technical result consists in reduction of time of entry into synchronism without use of correlators or matched filters due to exchange of hardware complication for speed, simplicity and accuracy of processing ultra-wideband signals.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The proposed device relates to technical means that implements the capture of the synchronism state of the receiving and transmitting parts of wireless lines for the successful radio exchange of short-pulse ultra-wideband signals without a carrier.

From the theory and practice of using complex, in particular, ultra-wideband (UWB) signals in radio communication systems, it is known [1 - 3] that the efficiency of the functioning of systems and tools using such signals to transmit information is largely determined by the quality of synchronization of the transmitting and receiving devices of radio lines , since they are usually spaced in space over considerable distances, and can also be used in mobile wireless systems.

In the scientific and technical literature, which is devoted to the research of radio engineering systems and means of this direction, it is conventionally accepted to distinguish two parts in the receiving device: the first crucial circuit, the main function of which is to detect signals, to capture the state of synchronism; and the second decisive scheme, the main task of which is to organize the process of distinguishing information zeros and ones and decode information, provided that the signal is detected and the synchronization accuracy necessary to start receiving information is achieved. Variations and features of both the first and second decision schemes are the subject of many works - dissertations and monographs. For example, the monograph [1] completely, and the monograph [2] partially investigates the detection and synchronization of complex noise-like signals. In the same monograph [2], another part of the research, and in the book [4] most of the chapters are devoted to the analysis of variants of the second decision scheme, etc. The invention is aimed at realizing the properties of the first decision scheme, taking into account the features of the functioning mode of the second decision scheme.

In the patent [5], a useful model of a transceiver module is proposed that uses ultra-wideband signals generated by code sequences of the same length containing ten logical units separated by a different number of samples for radio exchange. Code sequences modulating information zeros and information units are identical in content, but differ in the period of the arrangement of pulses. In this case, the pulses are filled with high-frequency oscillation, that is, UWB signals are received in the communication channel, which are streams of radio pulses of different duty cycle for information zeros and information units. In the reception mode, the amplitude detection of radio pulses is carried out, at which they are limited from below to zero. Next, envelopes of limited radio pulses are extracted and the resulting video pulses are amplified, which are fed to the input of the comparator in order to obtain normalized rectangular pulses that, after passing through the RS-trigger, are aligned in duration and become suitable for processing in the interface, in particular, in the synchronizer. At one of the outputs of the synchronizer, a digital sequence is generated, which is recorded in the shift register and used to verify matches with predefined code sequences. At a certain value of the shift value, the sequence of digital data recorded in this register will provide the maximum value of the output signal at the corresponding output of the processing circuit. The moment of registration of this maximum will mean the capture of the state of synchronism.

The disadvantages of this approach include the following. The limitation of radio pulses from below will be characterized by corresponding energy losses. Different duty cycle of UWB signals leads to more stringent requirements to ensure the stability of synchronization. Checking at each shift the condition for matching the obtained digital sequence with the known code sequences leads to an increase in the time for capturing the synchronism state. In addition, the claimed qualities are provided by a sufficiently large complication of the algorithm for processing UWB signals.

In patents [6 - 8], it is proposed to use two independent channels for capturing and maintaining the state of synchronism, one of which serves to process the UWB clock signal, the second - to accelerate the synchronization process. So in [6] the time intervals between UWB pulses of the clock signal entering the first channel are multiples of the period of the harmonic signal coming simultaneously to the input of the second channel. Moreover, they are synchronized at the maxima of this harmonic signal. The selected harmonic signal along the circuit formed in the reception mode synchronizes the frequency of the synchronization unit using the built-in pulse-phase-locked loop (PLL) with phase accuracy, capturing the synchronism state. The main drawback here is the fact that such a system becomes inoperative when exposed to external noise (barrage, concentrated, especially harmonic with a close frequency) at the input of the second channel.

In [7], the second channel simultaneously with a UWB sync signal receives a broadband (NW) frequency or phase-shifted radio signal. In this case, the moments of change in the frequency or phase of the NW signal correspond to the beginning and end of time windows, in the center of which are the UWB pulses of the clock signal. The capture of the state of synchronism and its maintenance at predetermined intervals of time is provided by the corresponding processing of the signal signal. The disadvantage of such a system is a violation of its performance in the presence of multipath (in cities, suburbs, mountains, foothills, etc.).

In [8], a radio link was proposed with two transceivers located at its opposite ends. Based on their own digital frequency synthesizers (DSC), IFAPC transmitters and correspondent receivers mutually synchronize their time intervals for transmitting and receiving information accurate to the phase by processing each in its own time interval of UWB clock signals emitted by opposite transmitters. The increased accuracy of mutual synchronization is ensured due to the fact that the transmitter of one correspondent and the receiver of the second correspondent begin to work from one reference frequency generator. A significant drawback of the operation of such an integrated system is a rather long time to enter the state of synchronism.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed one is the receiving part of the transceiver module described in [9], on page 12, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, adopted as a prototype.

The functional diagram of the prototype device is shown in FIG. 1, where indicated:

1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 - managed shapers of time windows (UVVO);

5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5 - from the 1st to the 5th pulsed energy storage devices (IEN);

6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5 - from the 1st to the 5th threshold formers (FP);

7.1, 7.2 7.3, 7.4, 7.5 - from the 1st to the 5th threshold devices (PU);

9 - processing and control unit (BOW);

10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5 - from the 1st to the 5th drives of channel energies of sync pulses (NKESI);

11 - controlled clock generator (UGTI);

12 - analog-to-digital Converter (ADC).

The prototype device contains five identically organized signal time channels (ICS), (the first of which is indicated by a dashed rectangle), which are present in each branch. Each of the five ICS consists of the corresponding series-connected UVBO 1.1 - 1.5, IEN 5.1 - 5.5, NKESI 10.1 - 10.5 and PU 7.1 - 7.5. In this case, the first inputs of UVBO 1.1 - 1.5 are combined and are the input of the device connected to the antenna switch (not indicated in Fig. 1). The second inputs of each of the five UVVO 1.1 - 1.5 are connected to the corresponding outputs of UGTI 11 and the second inputs of the corresponding IEN 5.1 - 5.5 and NKESI 10.1 - 10.5. The outputs of PU 7.1 to 7.5 are connected to the corresponding inputs of the ADC 12, the output of which is connected to the input of the BOU 9. The five outputs of the BOU 9 through the corresponding FP 6.1 to 6.5 are connected to the second inputs of the PU 7.1 to 7.5, respectively. The sixth output of the BOW 9 is connected to the input of the UGTI 11. The seventh output of the BOW 9 is the output of the device.

The prototype device operates as follows. To detect the UWB signal and capture the state of synchronism, the first three ICS are used. We believe that after the power was turned on, the calibration was completed and the channel FPs 6.1–6.5 set the corresponding energy threshold in PU 7.1–7.5. Next, a mixture of clock pulses of UWB signal and channel noise or one channel noise from the output of the antenna switch is fed to the first inputs of the UVBO 1.1 - 1.5. At the same time, clock pulses with known delays arrive at the second inputs of the UHFW 1.1 - 1.5, the second inputs of the IEN 5.1 - 5.5 and the second inputs of the NKESI 10.1 - 10.5 from the corresponding outputs of the UHTI 11 to generate the current time windows of the UHFW 1.1 - 1.5 and clock the time intervals during which the mixture of energies of UWB sync pulses and channel noise or one channel noise is accumulated in the NKESI 10.1 - 10.5 ICS. The clock energy stored in the NKECI 10.1 - 10.5 for the duration of the UWB signal is fed to the inputs of the controllers 7.1 - 7.5, respectively, from the outputs of which the above-threshold energy stored in the channel energy storage devices is either a mixture of sync pulses of the UWB signal with channel noise, or one channel noise . If there is no UWB signal, then the energy accumulated in the NKESI 10.1 - 10.5 will not overcome the energy threshold set in PU 7.1 - 7.5, therefore, zero will come from the ADC 12 output to the input of the BOC 9, then from the sixth output of the BOC 9 to the input of the UGTI 11 a signal arrives at which UGTI 11 carries out a specified delay of clock pulses arriving at the second inputs of the UVBO 1.1 - 1.5, IEN 5.1 - 5.5 and the second inputs of the NKECI 10.1 - 10.5, and the search for the UWB signal in order to detect and capture the synchronism state will continue as described above. The performed actions will be repeated for each newly introduced delay of UGTI 11 clock pulses until a mixture of UWB signal with channel noise and the energy of the mixture of clock pulses of UWB signal and channel noise accumulated by one of the three channel energy drives for a time equal to the duration of the UWB signal does not exceed the value of the energy threshold set in PU 7.1 - 7.5. Obviously, each channel energy storage device is a correlator, at the output of which a corresponding autocorrelation function (ACF) is formed, the maximum of which corresponds to the energy of all detected and accumulated UWB signal clock pulses. In the latter case, from the output of this ICS to the corresponding input of the ADC 12, the accumulated above-threshold energy of the received mixture of UWB clock pulses and channel noise corresponding to the maximum of the ACF and the remaining inputs will receive zeros will be received. In this case, from the output of the ADC 12, the digitized ACF value of the corresponding ICS will be received at the input of the BOC 9. In BOW 9, the moment of counting the maximum of the ACF will be recorded and the value and sign of the delay in this ICS will be determined, at which this count is obtained, and from the sixth output of the BOU 9, a command will be received at the input of UGTI 11, according to which the found delay from its corresponding outputs will be transmitted to the second the inputs of the other two ICS of the first three, as well as the fourth and fifth receiving ICS, taking into account their current delays. This completes the process of capturing the state of synchronism and begins the process of receiving UWB signals in the fourth and fifth receiving ICS. At the same time, if the UWB signal passes from the middle of the first three ICS to the previous or subsequent ICS, then BOU 9 adjusts the phase and frequency of UGTI 11 to compensate for the received care, thereby maintaining the state of synchronism. The fourth and fifth receiving ICS are at fixed time positions determined by the modulation positions of information UWB signals.

The main disadvantage of the prototype device is a sufficiently long time to capture the state of synchronism, a much longer duration of the UWB signal.

The task is to increase the speed and accuracy of processing ultra-wideband signals while simplifying the device.

To solve this problem, in a device containing five controllable shapers of time windows (UHFW), the first inputs of which are combined and are the input of the device, the first and second pulsed energy storage devices (IEN), a threshold shaper whose output is connected to the second input of the first threshold device, and also a second threshold device and a processing and control unit (BOW), the corresponding output of which is connected to the input of the threshold shaper, according to the invention, (n-5) controlled shapers of the time are introduced windows, the first inputs of which are connected to the input of the device, the synchronization unit, n outputs of which are connected to the second inputs n UVBO, respectively, the outputs n UVBO are connected to the corresponding inputs of the multiplexer, the output of which is connected to the first input of the controlled switch to two positions, the first and second outputs which are connected to the first inputs of the first and second pulse energy storage devices (IEN), respectively, the outputs of the first and second IEN are connected to the first inputs of the first and second threshold devices accordingly, the outputs of the first and second threshold devices are connected to the first and second inputs of the signal combining circuit, respectively, while the output of the threshold shaper is connected to the second input of the second threshold device, in addition, the outputs from the first to the nth processing and control unit are connected to the third inputs n UVBO, respectively, the (n + 1) -th output of the BOW is connected to the input of the synchronization unit, the (n + 1) -th output of which is connected to the first input of the BOW, the second input of which is connected to the output of the signal combining circuit; (n + 2) -th output of the BOW is connected to the second input of the controlled switch in two positions, (n + 3) -th output is connected to the second input of the first IEN, (n + 4) -th output - with the second input of the second IEN, the third the input of the processing and control unit is the input-output of the device.

The inventive device proposes to carry out specific processing of UWB signal, which is based on the following window energy storage algorithm:

(3) $$\begin{array}{l}{E}_{\text{ss},k}={\displaystyle \underset{t_k}{\overset{t_k+\xi }{\int }}{U}_{\text{ss},k}^2(t)dt=}{\displaystyle \underset{t_k}{\overset{t_k+\xi }{\int }}{\displaystyle \sum _{s=0}^{\infty }{\left[u_0(t-T_s)+\nu (t)\right]}^2}}dt={\displaystyle \underset{t_k}{\overset{t_k+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="00000014.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_0}{\int }}{\displaystyle \sum _{s=0}^{\infty }{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="u"\; filenames="00000014.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">u</figure-callout>}}_0^2(t-T_s)}}dt+\\ +{\displaystyle \underset{t_k}{\overset{t_k+2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="00000014.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_0}{\int }}{\displaystyle \sum _{s=0}^{\infty }2u_0(t-T_s)\nu (t)}}dt+{\displaystyle \underset{t_k}{\overset{t_k+2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="00000014.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_0}{\int }}{\nu }^2(t)}dt=E_{\text{cc}\text{,}\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="k"\; filenames="00000014.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">k</figure-callout>}}^0+E_{\text{cc}\text{,}sh\text{,}\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="k"\; filenames="00000014.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">k</figure-callout>}}^0+E_{sh\text{,}k}^{\text{from}}.\end{array}$$

(3)

- полная энергия, накопленная в k-м временном окне УФВО; $$E_{\text{cc}\text{,}k}^0$$

- энергия импульса СШП синхросигнала, накопленная в этом временном окне; $$E_{\text{cc}\text{,}sh\text{,}k}^0$$

- взаимная энергия импульса и канального шума, накопленная в этом же временном окне; $$E_{sh\text{,}k}^{\text{с}}$$

- энергия канального шума, накопленная на всей длительности k-го временного окна стека; k = 1, 2,…, n - количество УФВО в блоке, обслуживающих импульсные энергетические накопители (ИЭН), которые реализуют алгоритм (3); T_p = 2pτ₀ – моменты начала накопления оконных энергий $$E_{\text{сс},k}$$

. Here $$E_{\text{ss},k}$$

- total energy accumulated in the k-th time window of the UVBO; $$E_{\text{cc}\text{,}k}^0$$

- the pulse energy of the UWB clock signal accumulated in this time window; $$E_{\text{cc}\text{,}sh\text{,}k}^0$$

- the mutual energy of the pulse and channel noise accumulated in the same time window; $$E_{sh\text{,}k}^{\text{from}}$$

- channel noise energy accumulated over the entire duration of the k-th time window of the stack; k = 1, 2, ..., n is the number of UVBOs in the unit serving pulsed energy storage devices (IEN), which implement algorithm (3); T _p = 2pτ ₀ - moments of the beginning of the accumulation of window energies $$E_{\text{ss},k}$$

.

- средний период повторения импульсов в СШП синхросигнале. Таким образом, за один цикл работы стека в среднем может быть обнаружена энергия смеси одного импульса СШП синхросигнала с канальным шумом в случае его присутствия на входе приёмного устройства, значит, в среднем за N_cc+1 цикл работы такого стека все или большинство импульсов СШП синхросигнала будет обнаружено. Последовательной их оцифровкой, сравнением полученной последовательности импульсов с хранящейся копией СШП синхросигнала и весовой обработкой достигается поставленная цель.From analysis (3) it follows that the duration of the time window in which the energy of the mixture of the UWB pulse of the clock signal with channel noise or one channel noise is stored is equal to 2τ ₀ . Time windows in the UVBO block are shifted relative to each other in time by the duration of one window 2τ ₀ and form a stack, the time of one cycle of which is T _cp . Obviously, the amount of UVBO in the stack is determined as follows: n = T _cp / 2τ ₀ , where $$T_{\text{wed}}=\frac{1}{N_{\text{cc}}}{\displaystyle \sum _{p=1}^{N_{\text{cc}}}{b}_p{\text{τ}}_0}$$

- the average pulse repetition period in the UWB clock signal. Thus, in one cycle of stack operation, on average, the energy of a mixture of one UWB pulse of a clock signal with channel noise can be detected if it is present at the input of the receiving device, which means that on average for N _cc + 1 cycle of operation of such a stack, all or most UWB clock pulses will be detected. By their sequential digitization, comparison of the obtained pulse sequence with a stored copy of the UWB clock signal and weight processing, the goal is achieved.

A functional block diagram of the inventive device is shown in FIG. 2, where indicated:

1.1 - 1.n - controlled shapers of temporary windows (UFVO);

2 - multiplexer (M);

3 - block synchronization (BS);

4 - controlled switch to two positions (UP);

5.1, 5.2 - the first and second pulsed energy storage devices (IEN);

6 - threshold shaper (FP);

7.1, 7.2 - the first and second threshold devices (PU);

8 is a signal combining scheme (CO);

9 - processing and control unit (BOW).

The proposed device comprises a UVBO unit, consisting of n controlled time window formers (UVBO) 1.1 - 1.n, the first inputs of which are combined and are the input of the device. The outputs n UVBO 1.1 - 1.n are connected to the corresponding inputs of multiplexer 2, the output of which is connected to the first input of the controlled switch to two positions 4, two outputs of which are connected to the first inputs of the first 5.1 and second 5.2 IEN, respectively. The outputs of the first 5.1 and second 5.2 IEN through the corresponding first 7.1 and second 7.2 threshold devices are connected to the first and second input of the signal combining circuit 8, respectively. Moreover, the n outputs of the synchronization unit 3 are connected to the second inputs of the corresponding UVBO 1.1 - 1.n, the third inputs of which are connected to the n outputs of the processing and control unit 9, respectively. Moreover, the (n + 1) -th output of the BOW 9 is connected to the input of the synchronization unit 3, the (n + 1) -th output of which is connected to the first input of the BOW 9. In addition, the (n + 2) -th output of the BOW 9 is connected to the second input UP 4, (n + 3) -th output - with the second input of the first IEN 5.1, (n + 4) -th output connected to the second input of the second IEN 5.2, (n + 5) -th output - with the input of the threshold shaper 6 the output of which is connected to the second inputs of the first 7.1 and second 7.2 PU. The output of CO 8 is connected to the second input of the BOW 9, the third input-output is the output-input of the device.

The inventive device operates as follows. From the moment of receipt of the power supply signal of the receiving part at the input-output of the BOU 9, according to the given algorithm, the calibration process is carried out, the main task of which is to set the initial (reference) energy thresholds in the first 7.1 and second 7.2 control rooms. At the same time, from the n + 2nd output of the BOU 9, the command arrives at the second input of the UE 4, according to which the UE 4 begins to alternate for time diversity (delaying) two extreme positions that correspond to its first and second outputs, from which to the first inputs first 5.1 and second 5.2 IEN at intervals equal to the duration of the time windows 2τ ₀ will arrive mixture UWB clock pulses and the channel noise, or noise of duration 2τ ₀ also. The alternation of switching in the process of searching for UWB clock takes into account the fact that the energy storage processes are inert in the first 5.1 and second 5.2 IEN, which ensures minimization of the mutual influence of these processes on the durations of neighboring time windows of the UVBO stack. At the same time, the second inputs of the first 5.1 and second 5.2 IEN receive a command, according to which the operation of accumulating window energy in accordance with formula (3) will be carried out in them simultaneously with the opening and closing of the corresponding time windows formed by UVBO 1.1 - 1.n. The energy accumulated during the duration of the corresponding time windows from the outputs of the first 5.1 and second 5.2 IEN will begin to flow to the first inputs of the first 7.1 and second 7.2 controllers, in which the energy thresholds have a zero value. From the outputs of the first 7.1 and second 7.2 launchers, these accumulated window energies will go to the first or second inputs of the signal combining circuit 8, respectively, from the output of which they, in the form of a time-unfolded regular sequence of accumulated window energies, will go to the second input of the BOC 9. In the BOC 9 the following operations are carried out: the values of these energies are recorded in a register of a given length m, and at the same time, the ratio of the next element of the sequence to the previous is estimated.

If only current noise is present in the current time windows of the stack, then the magnitude of the current ratio of window energies will fluctuate within small limits. When all m cells of the register are filled with noise energies, they are used to estimate the value of the reference energy threshold P ₀ , and by the command received from the output n + 5 of the BOC 9 by means of FP 6, this reference threshold will be introduced into the first 7.1 and second 7.2 PUs. If there is no UWB clock signal in the channel, then the reference threshold is reset to zero at a specified frequency, the procedure described above is repeated by overwriting the new data in m register cells and a new estimate of the reference threshold value, which is introduced in the first 7.1 and second 7.2 controllers. Then two situations can be realized:

- during the rewriting of data in m register cells, when the thresholds in the first 7.1 and second 7.2 PUs are reset, the value of the current ratio of window energies sharply increased;

- after recording (overwriting) data in m register cells, when the current reference threshold is set to the first 7.1 and second 7.2 controllers, at some point the value of the current window energy ratio sharply increased, and the threshold was exceeded either in the first 7.1 or in the second 7.2 PU.

Both options mean that during the current time window of the stack mixed with channel noise, an UWB clock pulse appeared, which we will call the reference. Moreover, in the first case, an additional operation will be an exhibition in the first 7.1 and second 7.2 PU of the previous level of the reference threshold. Further in both cases, the operations coincide and are performed simultaneously:

- digitization received from the output of CO 8 to the second input of the BOW 9 values;

- determination of the time position of the reference pulse UWB sync signal.

Simultaneously with the output of CO 8, the second input of the BOC 9 receives a sequence of accumulated above-threshold energies of the mixture of UWB pulses of the clock signal and channel noise. Its elements are also digitized and converted into energy samples, the magnitude, quantity and temporary positions of which are fixed.

If the number of energy samples corresponding to the above-threshold energies of the mixture of UWB pulses of the clock signal and channel noise and their location at any time shifts do not coincide with the number and location of pulses in the existing copy of the UWB clock signal, then the transition to the initial search state of the UWB clock signal is performed, which was described above. Otherwise, the digitized sequence of suprathreshold energies is subjected to appropriate processing, as a result of which the value and sign of the time delay δt are determined in the BOC 9 using the algorithm for estimating and comparing the values of suprathreshold energies falling into neighboring time windows of the stack. The found delay is introduced into the selected UVBO stack to capture the synchronism state and receive UWB information signals in the current time windows of this UVBO.

On this, the main task assigned to the synchronization device can be considered solved.

≈ 5,5 (7,4 дБ). Фиг. 3а) характеризует ситуацию, когда информационные СШП сигналы принимаются без введения необходимой задержки. Здесь чёрным цветом показаны текущие значения эквивалентов энергий смеси импульсов СШП синхросигнала и канальных шумов $$E_{\text{сс}}(t)={\displaystyle \sum _{s=0}^{n_{\text{cc}}}{\left[u_0(t-2s{\tau }_0)+\nu (t)\right]}^2}$$

, а серыми жирными прямоугольниками обозначены позиции текущих временных окон стека УФВО. На фиг. 3а^/) выделен крупный фрагмент фиг. 3а), из анализа которого следует, что каждый импульс СШП синхросигнала попадает во временные окна соседних УФВО стека, следовательно, возможен вариант, когда в некоторых из этих временных окон накопленной энергии смеси импульсов СШП синхросигнала с канальными шумами не хватит для превышения опорного энергетического порога П₀, что может привести к пропуску СШП синхросигнала. Чтобы обеспечить накопление энергии импульсов СШП синхросигнала, достаточной для превышения цифрового порога суммой накопленных отсчётов надпороговых энергий, необходимо скорректировать позицию текущего временного окна, вводя необходимую временную задержку. Момент ввода этой задержки в выбранный УФВО стека и будет моментом захвата состояния синхронизма. На фиг. 3б) представлен центральный фрагмент реализации алгоритма оценки величины и знака необходимой задержки, когда в соответствующих временных окнах стека на фоне текущих значений $$E_{\text{сс}}(t)$$

показаны вычисленные значения отсчётов оцифрованных в БОУ 9 оконных энергий смеси импульсов СШП синхросигнала и канальных шумов E_сс,k (заполненные кружочки) и оконных энергий шума во временных окнах, сдвинутых относительно временных окон стека на некоторую величину $$E_{sh\text{,}k}^{sh}$$

(пустые квадраты), а также для сравнения – оконных энергий шума в ИЭН $$E_{sh\text{,}k}^{\text{с}}$$

(заполненные ромбики) на своих временных позициях. Жирной чёрной штриховой горизонтальной линией показан текущий опорный энергетический порог П₀. Изображение на фиг. 3в) характеризует эффективность алгоритма определения величины и знака вводимой задержки. Здесь следует заметить, что при моделировании удобнее было задерживать СШП синхросигнал, а не временное окно, что не меняет сути и отражено на фиг. 3в). Как следует из анализа фиг. 3в), после введения в k-й УФВО найденной задержки импульсы информационного СШП сигнала позиционируются практически точно посредине текущих временных окон, следовательно, состояние синхронизма было достигнуто, а точность синхронизации составляет не более 3,0% от длительности импульса СШП сигнала.In FIG. 3 as an example, presents the simulation results of some stages of the process of capturing the state of synchronism, implemented by the proposed device with an average window energy ratio of signal / noise $$\overline{q}$$

≈ 5.5 (7.4 dB). FIG. 3a) characterizes the situation when information UWB signals are received without introducing the necessary delay. Here, the black values show the current values of the energy equivalents of the mixture of UWB pulses of the clock signal and channel noise $$E_{\text{ss}}(t)={\displaystyle \sum _{s=0}^{n_{\text{cc}}}{\left[u_0(t-2s{\tau }_0)+\nu (t)\right]}^2}$$

, and the gray bold rectangles indicate the positions of the current time windows of the UVBO stack. In FIG. 3a ^/ ) a large fragment of FIG. 3a), from the analysis of which it follows that each UWB pulse of the clock signal falls into the time windows of the neighboring UVBO stack, therefore, it is possible that in some of these time windows the accumulated energy of the mixture of UWB pulses of the clock signal with channel noise is not enough to exceed the reference energy threshold P ₀ , which can lead to the omission of the UWB clock. To ensure the energy storage of UWB pulses of the clock signal, sufficient to exceed the digital threshold by the sum of the accumulated readings of the above-threshold energies, it is necessary to adjust the position of the current time window by introducing the necessary time delay. The moment of entering this delay into the selected UVBO stack will be the moment of capturing the synchronism state. In FIG. 3b) the central fragment of the implementation of the algorithm for estimating the magnitude and sign of the necessary delay is presented, when in the corresponding time windows of the stack against the background of current values $$E_{\text{ss}}(t)$$

shows the calculated values of the samples of the window energies of the UWB pulse mixture of the clock signal and channel noise E _{ss, k} (filled circles) and window noise energies in the time windows shifted by a certain amount relative to the time windows of the stack digitized in BOU 9 $$E_{sh\text{,}k}^{sh}$$

(empty squares), and also for comparison - window noise energies in IEN $$E_{sh\text{,}k}^{\text{from}}$$

(filled diamonds) in their temporary positions. A thick black dashed horizontal line shows the current reference energy threshold P ₀ . The image in FIG. 3c) characterizes the effectiveness of the algorithm for determining the magnitude and sign of the introduced delay. It should be noted here that during modeling it was more convenient to delay the UWB clock signal rather than a time window, which does not change the essence and is reflected in FIG. 3c). As follows from the analysis of FIG. 3c), after introducing the found delay into the kth UVBO, the pulses of the information UWB signal are positioned almost exactly in the middle of the current time windows, therefore, the synchronism state has been reached, and the synchronization accuracy is not more than 3.0% of the pulse width of the UWB signal.

Statistical analysis of situations similar to those presented in FIG. 3, in a changing interference environment, together with a description of the operation of the proposed device, it shows that the average time from the moment of detection of the UWB reference pulse of the clock signal to the moment of reception of the UWB information signals is about (N + 1) T _cfr , which is much less than prototype and less than any of the above analogues and, thus, confirms that the achievement of the claimed technical result by the proposed device is ensured.

The implementation of the inventive device does not cause difficulties, since the functional units included in the device blocks are well known, widely used in domestic and foreign patents, and are also described in the technical literature. Almost all blocks except multiplexer 2, CO 8, and UP 4 are described in [6] and [9]. Versions of multiplexers are given, for example, in [10], signal combining schemes are given in [11], and implementation options for switching units with control are presented, in particular, in [12, 13].

Sources of information.

1. Zhuravlev, V.I. Search and synchronization in broadband systems / V.I. Zhuravlev. - M .: Radio and communications, 1986. - 240 p.

2. Varakin, L.E. Communication systems with noise-like signals / L.E. Varakin. - M .: Radio and communications, 1985 .-- 384 p.

3. Ivanov, M.M. Synchronization methods in ultra-wideband communication systems. / M.M. Ivanov et al. // 51st Scientific Conference of Graduate Students, Masters and Students, BSUIR, Novopolotsk. - 2015, p. 43, 44.

4. Zyuko, A.G. Immunity and efficiency of information transmission systems. / A.G. Zyuko, A.I. Falco, I.P. Panfilov, V.L. Banquet, P.V. Ivashchenko. - M .: Radio and communications, 1985 .-- 272 p.

5. Patent 157935 (RF). Transceiver module for data exchange using ultra-wideband signals. IPC Н04В 1/38, H04L 9/00 / Zaitsev A.V., Mitrofanov D.G., Timofeev I.A., Krasavtsev O.O., Kichulkin D.A., Tereshchenko A.A., Azarov V. S., Chernikov A.K., Chizhov A.A. Application No. 2014147229/08 of 11.24.2014. Publ. December 20, 2015

6. Patent 2315424 (RF). A communication system with a high speed information transmission by ultra-wideband signals. IPC Н04B 1/69, H04L 5/26 / Bondarenko V.V., Kyshtymov G.A., Bondarenko V.V., Kyshtymov S.G. Application No. 2006119887/09 dated 06.06.2006. Publ. January 20, 2008

7. Patent 2354048 (RF). Method and communication system with fast entry into synchronism by ultra-wideband signals. IPC H04B 7/00 / Kyshtymov G.A., Bondarenko V.V., Kyshtymov S.G. Application No. 2007144256/09 of 11.28.2007. Publ. 04/27/2009

8. Patent 2441320 (RF). Communication system with ultra-wideband signals with increased accuracy and stability of synchronization. IPC Н04B 7/00 / Kyshtymov G.A., Usachev I.P., Kyshtymov S.G., Stetsura E.I. Application No.2011919288 / 08 dated 05/13/2010. Publ. 01/27/2012

9. Kornienko A.V. Algorithms for the synthesis and processing of short-pulse ultra-wideband signals in radio transmission systems, taking into account interfering factors. / Abstract of dissertation for the degree of candidate of technical sciences. - Ryazan. - 2008 .-- S. 17.

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Claims (1)

A synchronization device for the receiving and transmitting parts of the radio line using short-pulse ultra-wideband signals, containing five controlled time window drivers (UVBO), the first inputs of which are combined and are the device input, the first and second pulsed energy storage devices (IEN), a threshold driver, the output of which is connected to the second the input of the first threshold device, as well as the second threshold device and the processing and control unit (BOW), the corresponding output of which is connected to the input a threshold driver, characterized in that (n-5) controllable time window drivers are introduced, the first inputs of which are connected to the input of the device, the synchronization unit, n outputs of which are connected to the second inputs n of the UVBO, respectively, the outputs of n of the UVBO are connected to the corresponding inputs of the multiplexer, the output which is connected to the first input of a controlled switch to two positions, the first and second outputs of which are connected to the first inputs of the first and second pulse energy storage devices (IEN), respectively, the outputs the first and second IEN are connected to the first inputs of the first and second threshold devices, respectively, the outputs of the first and second threshold devices are connected to the first and second inputs of the signal combining circuit, respectively, while the output of the threshold shaper is connected to the second input of the second threshold device, in addition, the outputs from the first through the nth processing and control units are connected to the third inputs n of the UVBO, respectively, the (n + 1) -th output of the BOW is connected to the input of the synchronization unit, the (n + 1) -th output of which is connected to the first input of the BOW, the second input of which is connected to the output of the signal combining circuit; (n + 2) -th output of the BOW is connected to the second input of the controlled switch in two positions, (n + 3) -th output is connected to the second input of the first IEN, (n + 4) -th output - with the second input of the second IEN, the third the input of the processing and control unit is the input-output of the device.

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