[go: nahoru, domu]

US20070155489A1 - Device and network enabled geo-fencing for area sensitive gaming enablement - Google Patents

Device and network enabled geo-fencing for area sensitive gaming enablement Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20070155489A1
US20070155489A1 US11/323,265 US32326505A US2007155489A1 US 20070155489 A1 US20070155489 A1 US 20070155489A1 US 32326505 A US32326505 A US 32326505A US 2007155489 A1 US2007155489 A1 US 2007155489A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
ldp
location
server
client device
gaming
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/323,265
Inventor
Frederic Beckley
Matthew Ward
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Skyhook Holding Inc
Original Assignee
Trueposition Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Trueposition Inc filed Critical Trueposition Inc
Priority to US11/323,265 priority Critical patent/US20070155489A1/en
Assigned to TRUEPOSITION, INC. reassignment TRUEPOSITION, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WARD, MATTHEW L., BECKLEY, FREDERIC
Priority to US11/533,310 priority patent/US8150421B2/en
Priority to US11/534,137 priority patent/US20090005061A1/en
Priority to JP2008548856A priority patent/JP2009522880A/en
Priority to PCT/US2006/062682 priority patent/WO2007079395A2/en
Priority to KR1020087018107A priority patent/KR20080081345A/en
Priority to MX2008008601A priority patent/MX2008008601A/en
Priority to EP06849108A priority patent/EP1968719A4/en
Priority to CN200680053533XA priority patent/CN101395640B/en
Priority to BRPI0621166-6A priority patent/BRPI0621166A2/en
Priority to GB0812741A priority patent/GB2452122B/en
Priority to CA002635785A priority patent/CA2635785A1/en
Priority to AU2006332524A priority patent/AU2006332524B2/en
Publication of US20070155489A1 publication Critical patent/US20070155489A1/en
Priority to IL192506A priority patent/IL192506A/en
Priority to US12/776,279 priority patent/US20100222081A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • A63F9/00—Games not otherwise provided for
    • A63F9/24—Electric games; Games using electronic circuits not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • A63F13/00—Video games, i.e. games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions
    • A63F13/30—Interconnection arrangements between game servers and game devices; Interconnection arrangements between game devices; Interconnection arrangements between game servers
    • A63F13/33—Interconnection arrangements between game servers and game devices; Interconnection arrangements between game devices; Interconnection arrangements between game servers using wide area network [WAN] connections
    • A63F13/332—Interconnection arrangements between game servers and game devices; Interconnection arrangements between game devices; Interconnection arrangements between game servers using wide area network [WAN] connections using wireless networks, e.g. cellular phone networks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • A63F13/00—Video games, i.e. games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions
    • A63F13/30—Interconnection arrangements between game servers and game devices; Interconnection arrangements between game devices; Interconnection arrangements between game servers
    • A63F13/31—Communication aspects specific to video games, e.g. between several handheld game devices at close range
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F17/00—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services
    • G07F17/32—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services for games, toys, sports, or amusements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F17/00—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services
    • G07F17/32—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services for games, toys, sports, or amusements
    • G07F17/3202—Hardware aspects of a gaming system, e.g. components, construction, architecture thereof
    • G07F17/3216—Construction aspects of a gaming system, e.g. housing, seats, ergonomic aspects
    • G07F17/3218—Construction aspects of a gaming system, e.g. housing, seats, ergonomic aspects wherein at least part of the system is portable
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F17/00—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services
    • G07F17/32—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services for games, toys, sports, or amusements
    • G07F17/3225—Data transfer within a gaming system, e.g. data sent between gaming machines and users
    • G07F17/3232—Data transfer within a gaming system, e.g. data sent between gaming machines and users wherein the operator is informed
    • G07F17/3237—Data transfer within a gaming system, e.g. data sent between gaming machines and users wherein the operator is informed about the players, e.g. profiling, responsible gaming, strategy/behavior of players, location of players
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/52—Network services specially adapted for the location of the user terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/72—Mobile telephones; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selection
    • H04M1/724—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones
    • H04M1/72403—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for local support of applications that increase the functionality
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/72—Mobile telephones; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selection
    • H04M1/724—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones
    • H04M1/72403—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for local support of applications that increase the functionality
    • H04M1/72427—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for local support of applications that increase the functionality for supporting games or graphical animations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/72—Mobile telephones; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selection
    • H04M1/725—Cordless telephones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M11/00—Telephonic communication systems specially adapted for combination with other electrical systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M11/00—Telephonic communication systems specially adapted for combination with other electrical systems
    • H04M11/06—Simultaneous speech and data transmission, e.g. telegraphic transmission over the same conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
    • H04W4/021—Services related to particular areas, e.g. point of interest [POI] services, venue services or geofences
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/18—Information format or content conversion, e.g. adaptation by the network of the transmitted or received information for the purpose of wireless delivery to users or terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/20—Services signaling; Auxiliary data signalling, i.e. transmitting data via a non-traffic channel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/02—Processing of mobility data, e.g. registration information at HLR [Home Location Register] or VLR [Visitor Location Register]; Transfer of mobility data, e.g. between HLR, VLR or external networks
    • H04W8/08—Mobility data transfer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/02—Access restriction performed under specific conditions
    • H04W48/04—Access restriction performed under specific conditions based on user or terminal location or mobility data, e.g. moving direction, speed

Definitions

  • the subject matter described herein relates generally to methods and apparatus for locating wireless devices, and enabling, selectively enabling, limiting, denying, or delaying certain functions or services based on the calculated geographic location and a pre-set location area defined by local, regional, or national legal jurisdictions.
  • Wireless devices also called mobile stations (MS), include those such as used in analog or digital cellular systems, personal communications systems (PCS), enhanced specialized mobile radios (ESMRs), wide-area-networks (WANs), and other types of wireless communications systems.
  • Affected functions or services can include those either local to the mobile station or performed on a landside server or server network. More particularly, but not exclusively, the subject matter described herein relates to the use of jurisdiction sensitive gaming, wagering, or betting laws or regulations to determine if the gaming functionality of a MS can be enabled.
  • the wireless Enhanced 911 (E911) rules seek to improve the effectiveness and reliability of wireless 911 service by providing 911 dispatchers with additional information on wireless 911 calls.
  • the wireless E911 program is divided into two parts—Phase I and Phase II.
  • Phase I requires carriers, upon valid request by a local Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP), to report the telephone number of a wireless 911 caller and the location of the antenna that received the call.
  • Phase H requires wireless carriers to provide more precise location information, within 50 to 300 meters in most cases.
  • PSAP Public Safety Answering Point
  • E911 has required the development of new technologies and upgrades to local 911 PSAPs, etc.
  • the FCC's mandate included required location precision based on circular error probability.
  • Network-based systems wireless location systems where the radio signal is collected at the network receiver
  • Handset-based systems wireless location systems where the radio signal is collected at the mobile station
  • Wireless carriers were allowed to adjust location accuracy over service areas so the accuracy of any given location estimation could not be guaranteed.
  • Non- network-based location options for E911 Phase II included use of the Navistar Global Positioning System (GPS) augmented with data from a landside server that includes synchronization timing, orbital data (Ephemeris) and acquisition data (code phase and Doppler ranges).
  • GPS Navistar Global Positioning System
  • Time-of-Arrival TOA
  • TDOA Time-Difference-of-Arrival
  • AoA Angle-of-Arrival
  • POA Power-of-Arrival
  • LBS location-based services
  • the cellular industry has increased the number of air interface protocols available for use by wireless telephones, increased the number of frequency bands in which wireless or mobile telephones may operate, and expanded the number of terms that refer or relate to mobile telephones to include “personal communications services,” “wireless,” and others.
  • the air interface protocols now used in the wireless industry include AMPS, N-AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, GSM, TACS, ESMR, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS WCDMA, and others.
  • the wireless communications industry uses numerous air interface protocols in different frequency bands, both in the U.S. and internationally. In general, neither the air interface nor the frequency bands impact the Wireless Location System's effectiveness at locating wireless telephones.
  • All air interface protocols use two categories of channels, where a channel is defined as one of multiple transmission paths within a single link between points in a wireless network.
  • a channel may be defined by frequency, by bandwidth, by synchronized time slots, by encoding, shift keying, modulation scheme, or by any combination of these parameters.
  • the first category called control or access channel, is used to convey information about the wireless telephone or transmitter, for initiating or terminating calls, or for transferring bursty data. For example, some types of short messaging services transfer data over the control channel.
  • Different air interfaces use different terminology to describe control channels but the function of the control channels in each air interface is similar.
  • the second category of channel known as voice or traffic channel, typically conveys voice or data communications over the air interface.
  • Traffic channels come into use once a call has been set up using the control channels.
  • Voice and user data channels typically use dedicated resources, i.e., the channel can be used only by a single mobile device, whereas control channels use shared resources, i.e., the channel can be accessed by multiple users.
  • Voice channels generally do not carry identifying information about the wireless telephone or transmitter in the transmission. For some wireless location applications this distinction can make the use of control channels more cost effective than the use of voice channels, although for some applications location on the voice channel can be preferable.
  • AMPS This is the original air interface protocol used for cellular communications in the U.S. and described in TIA/EIA Standard IS 553A.
  • the AMPS system assigns separate dedicated channels for use by control channels (RCC), which are defined according to frequency and bandwidth and are used for transmission from the BTS to the mobile phone
  • RCC control channels
  • RVC reverse voice channel
  • RVC reverse voice channel
  • N-AMPS This air interface is an expansion of the AMPS air interface protocol, and is defined in EIA/TIA standard IS-88. It uses substantially the same control channels as are used in AMPS but different voice channels with different bandwidth and modulation schemes.
  • TDMA This interface, also known as D-AMPS and defined in EIA/TIA standard IS-136, is characterized by the use of both frequency and time separation.
  • Digital Control Channels DCCH
  • DTC Digital Traffic Channels
  • DCCH Digital Control Channels
  • a carrier may use both the AMPS and TDMA protocols, as long as the frequency assignments for each protocol are kept separated.
  • CDMA This air interface, defined by EIA/TIA standard IS-95A, is characterized by the use of both frequency and code separation. Because adjacent cell sites may use the same frequency sets, CDMA must operate under very careful power control, producing a situation known to those skilled in the art as the near-far problem, makes it difficult for most methods of wireless location to achieve an accurate location (but see U.S. Pat. No. 6,047,192, Apr. 4, 2000, Robust, Efficient, Localization System, for a solution to this problem). Control channels (known in CDMA as Access Channels) and Traffic Channels may share the same frequency band but are separated by code.
  • GSM This air interface, defined by the international standard Global System for Mobile Communications, is characterized by the use of both frequency and time separation. GSM distinguishes between physical channels (the timeslot) and logical channels (the information carried by the physical channels). Several recurring timeslots on a carrier constitute a physical channel, which are used by different logical channels to transfer information—both user data and signaling.
  • Control channels which include broadcast control channels (BCCH), Common Control Channels (CCCH), and Dedicated Control Channels (DCCH), are transmitted in bursts in assigned timeslots for use by CCH.
  • CCH may be assigned anywhere in the frequency band.
  • Traffic Channels (TCH) and CCH may occupy the same frequency assignments but not the same timeslot assignment in a given frequency assignment.
  • CCH and TCH use the same modulation scheme, known as GMSK.
  • GMSK modulation scheme
  • the GSM General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) systems reuse the GSM channel structure, but can use multiple modulation schemes and data compression to provide higher data throughput.
  • GSM, GPRS, and EDGE radio protocols are subsumed by the category known as GERAN or GSM Edge Radio Access Network.
  • UMTS Properly known as UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network), is an air interface defined by the international standard third Generation Partnership program as a successor to the GERAN protocols. UMTS is also sometimes known as WCDMA (or W-CDMA), which stands for Wideband Code Division Multiple Access. WCDMA is direct spread technology, which means that it will spread its transmissions over a wide, 5 MHz carrier.
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • the WCDMA FDD (Frequency Division Duplexed) UMTS air interface (the U-interface) separates physical channels by both frequency and code.
  • the WCDMA TDD (Time Division Duplexed) UMTS air interface separates physical channels by the use of frequency, time, and code. All variants of the UMTS radio interface contain logical channels that are mapped to transport channels, which are again mapped to W-CDMA FDD or TDD physical channels. Because adjacent cell sites may use the same frequency sets, WCDMA also uses very careful power control to counter the near-far problem common to all CDMA systems. Control channels in UMTS are known as Access Channels whereas data or voice channels are known as Traffic Channels.
  • Access and Traffic Channels may share the same frequency band and modulation scheme but are separated by code.
  • a general reference to control and access channels, or voice and data channels shall refer to all types of control or voice and data channels, whatever the preferred terminology for a particular air interface.
  • this specification does not exclude any air interface from the inventive concepts described herein. Those skilled in the art will recognize other interfaces used elsewhere are derivatives of or similar in class to those described above.
  • GSM networks present a number of potential problems to existing Wireless Location Systems.
  • wireless devices connected to a GSM/GPRS/UMTS network rarely transmit when the traffic channels are in use.
  • the use of encryption on the traffic channel and the use of temporary nicknames (Temporary Mobile Station Identifiers (TMSI)) for security render radio network monitors of limited usefulness for triggering or tasking wireless location systems.
  • Wireless devices connected to such a GSM/GPRS/UMTS radio network merely periodically “listen” for a transmission to the wireless device and do not transmit signals to regional receivers except during call setup, voice/data operation, and call breakdown. This reduces the probability of detecting a wireless device connected to a GSM network. It may be possible to overcome this limitation by actively “pinging” all wireless devices in a region. However, this method places large stresses on the capacity of the wireless network. In addition, active pinging of wireless devices may alert mobile device users to the use of the location system, which can reduce the effectiveness or increase the annoyance of a polling location-based application
  • a geo-fenced area may be defined, and then a set of predefined signaling links of the wireless communications system may be monitored.
  • the monitoring may also include detecting that a mobile device has performed any of the following acts with respect to the geo-fenced area: (1) entered the geo-fenced area, (2) exited the geo-fenced area, and (3) come within a predefined degree of proximity near the geo-fenced area.
  • the method may also include, in response to detecting that the mobile device has performed at least one of these acts, triggering a high-accuracy location function for determining the geographic location of the mobile device.
  • the present application describes methods and systems for using the concept of a geo-fenced area to enable, selectively enable, limit, deny, or delay certain functions or services based on the calculated geographic location and a pre-set location area defined by local, regional, or national legal jurisdictions.
  • the present invention is by no means limited to systems employing the geo-fencing technologies described in the above-cited application Ser. No. 11/198,996.
  • wireless user interface device the ability to independently locate the wireless device serves to eliminate location spoofing and assures authorities that the gaming transaction is limited to licensed jurisdictions.
  • Wireless devices include those such as used in analog or digital cellular systems, personal communications systems (PCS), enhanced specialized mobile radios (ESMRs), wide-area-networks (WANs), networks of localized radios (WiFi, UWB, RFID) and other types of wireless communications systems.
  • Affected functions or services can include those either local to the wireless device or performed on a server or server network. More particularly, but not exclusively, we describe the use of wireless device location estimates with jurisdiction sensitive gaming, wagering, or betting laws or regulations to determine if the gaming functionality of a wireless device can be enabled.
  • FIG. 1 schematically depicts a Location Device Platform (LDP) Client Device.
  • LDP Location Device Platform
  • FIG. 2 schematically depicts an LDP Server.
  • FIG. 3 schematically depicts a system in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a process in accordance with the present invention.
  • a Location Device Platform (LDP) Client 110 and LDP Server 220 (see FIGS. 1 and 2 , respectively) enable location services for any physical item.
  • the item is or comprises wireless communications device (cell phone, PDA, etc.) configured for the purposes of wagering. Since wagering is controlled (in the USA) by local or state regulations, the location of legal wagering is typically confined to enclosed areas such as casinos, riverboats, parimutuel tracks, or assigned off-site locations. Use of the LPD capabilities allows for wagering to take place anywhere under the control of a regulatory body.
  • the LDP Client Device 110 may be used for both purpose-built and general purpose computing platforms with wireless connections and wagering functionality.
  • the LDP Server 220 a location-aware server resident in a telecommunications network, can perform location checking on the wireless LDP Client Device 110 (analogous to existing systems checking of IP addresses or telephony area codes) to determine if wagering functionality can be enabled.
  • the actual wagering application can be resident on the LDP Server 220 or exist on another networked server.
  • the LDP Server 220 can even supply a gaming permission indicator or a geographical location to a live operator/teller.
  • the location methodology employed by the wireless location system may be dependent on the service area deployed or requirements from the wagering entity or regulatory authority.
  • Network-based location systems include those using POA, PDOA, TOA, TDOA, or AOA, or combinations of these.
  • Device-based location systems may include those using POA, PDOA, TOA, TDOA, GPS, or A-GPS.
  • Hybrids, combining multiple network-based techniques, multiple device-based techniques, or a combination of network and device based techniques, can be used to achieve the accuracy, yield, and latency requirements of the service area or location-based service.
  • the location-aware LDP Server 220 may decide on the location technique to use from those available based on cost of location acquisition.
  • the LDP Client Device 110 preferably includes a radio communications link (radio receiver and transmitter 100 , 101 ) for communicating with the LDP Server 220 .
  • Wireless data communications may include cellular (modem, CPDP, EVDO, GPRS, etc.) or wide-area networks (WiFi, WiMAN/MAX, WiBro, ZigBee, etc.) associated with the location system.
  • the radio communications method can be independent of the wireless location system functionality—for instance, the device may acquire a local WiFi Access Point, but then use GSM to communicate the SSID of the WiFi beacon to the LDP Server 220 for a proximity location.
  • the LDP Server 220 authenticates, authorizes, bills, and administers the use of the LDP Client Device 110 .
  • the LDP Server 220 also maintains the service area definitions and wagering rules associated with each service area.
  • the service area may be either a polygon defined by a set of latitude/longitude points or a radius from a central point.
  • the service area may be defined within the location-aware server by interpretation of gaming statutes. Based on the service area definition, the rules, and the calculated location, the LDP Server 220 may grant the wireless device full access, limited access, or no access to gaming services.
  • the LDP Server 220 also preferably supports a geo-fencing application where the LDP Client Device 110 (and the wagering server) is informed when the LDP Client Device 110 enters or leaves a service area.
  • the LDP Server 220 preferably supports multiple limited access indications. Limited access to a wagering service can mean that only simulated play is enabled. Limited access to service can also mean that real multi-player gaming is enabled, but wagering is not allowed. Limited access to service may be determined by time of day or by the location combined with the time of day. Moreover, limited access to service can mean that a reservation for gaming at a particular time and within a prescribed area is made.
  • the LDP Server 220 can issues a denial of service to both the LDP Client Device 110 and the wagering server. Denial of access can also allow for the provision of directions to where requested gaming is allowed.
  • the LDP Client Device 110 and LDP Server 220 may allow for all online gaming and wagering activities based on card games, table games, board games, horse racing, auto racing, athletic sports, on-line RPG, and online first person shooter.
  • the LDP Server 220 could be owned or controlled by a wireless carrier, a gaming organization or a local regulatory board.
  • the LDP Client Device 110 is a purpose-built gaming model using GSM as the radio link and network-based Uplink-TDOA as the location technique. Handed out to passengers as they arrive at the airport, the LDP Client Device 110 initially supports gaming tutorials, advertisements, and simulated play. When the device enters the service area, it signals the user though audible and visual indicators that the device is now capable of actual wagering. This is an example of a geo-fencing application. Billing and winnings are enabled via credit card or can be charged/awarded to a hotel room number. If the LDP Client Device 110 leaves the area, audible and visual indicators show that the device is now incapable of actual wagering as the LPD Server 220 issues a denial message to the LDP Client Device and wagering server.
  • the LDP Client Device 110 is a general purpose portable computer with a WiFi transceiver.
  • a wagering application client is resident on the computer.
  • the LDP Client Device 110 queries the LDP Server 220 for permission.
  • the LDP Server 220 obtains the current location based on the WiFi SSID and power of arrival, compares the location against the service area definition and allows or denies access to the selected wagering application. Billing and winnings are enabled via credit card.
  • the LDP Client Device 110 is preferably implemented as a location enabling hardware and software electronic platform.
  • the LDP Client Device 110 is preferably capable of enhancing accuracy of a network-based wireless location system and hosting both device-based and hybrid (device and network-based) wireless location applications.
  • the LDP Client Device 110 may be built in a number of form-factors including a circuit-board design for incorporation into other electronic systems. Addition (or deletion) of components from the Radio Communications Transmitter/Receiver, Location Determination, Display(s), Non-Volatile Local Record Storage, Processing Engine, User Input(s), Volatile Local Memory, Device Power Conversion and Control subsystems or removal of unnecessary subsystems allow the size, weight, power, and form of the LPD to match multiple requirements.
  • the LDP Radio Communications subsystem may contain one or more transmitters in the form of solid-state application-specific-integrated-circuits (ASICs). Use of a software defined radio may be used to replace multiple narrow-band transmitters and enable transmission in the aforementioned radio communications and location systems.
  • the LDP Client Device 110 is capable of separating the communications radio link transmitter from the transmitter involved in a wireless location transmission under direction of the onboard processor or LDP Server 220 .
  • the LDP Radio Communications subsystem may contain one or more receivers in the form of solid-state application-specific-integrated-circuits (ASICs). Use of a wide-band software defined radio may be used to replace multiple narrow-band receivers and enable reception of the aforementioned radio communications and location systems.
  • the LDP Client Device 110 is capable of separating the communications radio link receiver from the receiver used for wireless location purposes under direction of the onboard processor or LDP Server 220 .
  • the LDP Radio Communications subsystem may also be used to obtain location-specific broadcast information (such as transmitter locations or satellite ephemerides) or timing signals from the communications network or other transmitters.
  • the Location Determination Engine, or subsystem, 102 of the LPD Client Device enables device-based, network-based, and hybrid location technologies.
  • This subsystem can collect power and timing measurements, broadcast positioning information and other collateral information for various location methodologies, including but not limited to: device-based time-of-arrival (TOA), forward link trilateration (FLT), Advanced-forward-link-trilateration (AFLT), Enhanced-forward-link-trilateration (E-FLT), Enhanced Observed Difference of Arrival (EOTD), Observed Time Difference of Arrival (O-TDOA), Global Positioning System (GPS) and Assisted GPS (A-GPS).
  • TOA device-based time-of-arrival
  • FLT forward link trilateration
  • AFLT Advanced-forward-link-trilateration
  • E-FLT Enhanced-forward-link-trilateration
  • EOTD Observed Difference of Arrival
  • OFDOA Observed Time Difference of Arrival
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • A-GPS
  • the Location Determination subsystem can also act to enhance location in network-based location systems by modifying the transmission characteristics of the LPD Client Device 110 to maximize the device's signal power, duration, bandwidth, and/or delectability (for instance, by inserting a known pattern in the transmitted signal to enable the network-based receiver to use maximum likelihood sequence detection).
  • the display subsystem of the LDP Client Device when present, may be unique to the LDP and optimized for the particular location-application the device enables.
  • the display subsystem may also be an interface to another device's display subsystem. Examples of LDP displays may include sonic, tactile or visual indicators.
  • the User Input(s) subsystem 104 of the LDP Client Device when present, may be unique to the LDP Client Device and optimized for the particular location-application the LPD Client Device enables.
  • the User Input subsystem may also be an interface to another device's input devices.
  • the timer 105 provides accurate timing/clock signals as may be required by the LDP Client Device 110 .
  • the Device Power Conversion and Control subsystem 106 acts to convert and condition landline or battery power for the other LDP Client's electronic subsystems.
  • the processing engine subsystem 107 may be a general purpose computer that can be used by the radio communication, displays, inputs, and location determination subsystems.
  • the processing engine manages LDP Client resources and routes data between subsystems and to optimize system performance and power consumption in addition to the normal CPU duties of volatile/non-volatile memory allocation, prioritization, event scheduling, queue management, interrupt management, paging/swap space allocation of volatile memory, process resource limits, virtual memory management parameters, and input/output (I/O) management. If a location services application is running local to the LDP Client Device 110 , the processing engine subsystem 107 can be scaled to provide sufficient CPU resources.
  • the Volatile Local Memory subsystem 108 is under control of the processing engine subsystem 107 , which allocates memory to the various subsystems and LDP Client resident location applications.
  • Non-Volatile Local Record Storage 109 Non-Volatile Local Record Storage 109
  • the LDP Client Device 110 may maintain local storage of transmitter locations, receiver locations or satellite ephemerides in non-volatile local record storage 109 through power-down conditions. If the location services application is running local to the LDP Client, application specific data and application parameters such as identification, ciphering codes, presentation options, high scores, previous locations, pseudonyms, buddy lists, and default settings can be stored in the non-volatile local record storage subsystem.
  • LDP Server Location Aware Application Enabling Server
  • the LDP Server 220 (see FIG. 2 ) provides the interface between the wireless LDP Client Devices 110 and networked location-based services applications.
  • the LDP Server 220 provides the interface between the wireless LDP Client Devices 110 and networked location-based services applications.
  • the various functions described are illustrative and are preferably implemented using computer hardware and software technologies, i.e., the LDP Server is preferably implemented as a programmed computer interfaced with radio communications technologies.
  • the LDP Server 220 connects to the LDP Client Device 110 by a data link running over a radio communications network either as a modem signal using systems such as, but not limited to: CDPD, GPRS, SMS/MMS, CDMA-EVDO, or Mobitex.
  • the Radio Communications Network Interface (RCNI) subsystem acts to select and commands the correct (for the particular LDP) communications system for a push operation (where data is sent to the LDP Client 110 ).
  • the RCNI subsystem also handles pull operations where the LDP Client Device 110 connects the LDP Server 220 to initiate a location or location-sensitive operation.
  • the Location Determination Engine subsystem 201 allows the LDP Server 220 to obtain LDP Client Device 110 location via network-based TOA, TDOA, POA, PDOA, AoA or hybrid device and network-based location techniques.
  • the Administration subsystem 202 maintains individual LDP records and services subscription elections.
  • the LDP Server 220 Administration subsystem allows for arbitrary groupings of LDP Client Devices to form services classes.
  • LDP subscriber records may include ownership; passwords/ciphers; account permissions; LDP Client Device 110 capabilities; LDP make, model, and manufacturer; access credentials; and routing information.
  • the LDP Server 220 administration subsystem preferably maintains all relevant parameters allowing for LDP access of the wireless communication provider's network.
  • the LDP Accounting subsystem 203 handles basic accounting functions including maintaining access records, access times, and the location application accessing the LDP Client location allowing for charging for individual LDP Client Device and individual LBS services.
  • the Accounting subsystem also preferably records and tracks the cost of each LDP access by the wireless communications network provider and the wireless location network provider. Costs may be recorded for each access and location.
  • the LDP Server 220 can be set with a rules-based system for the minimization of access charges via network and location system preference selection.
  • the main function of the Authentication subsystem 204 is to provide the LDP Server 220 with the real-time authentication factors needed by the authentication and ciphering processes used within the LDP network for LDP access, data transmission and LBS-application access.
  • the purpose of the authentication process is to protect the LDP network by denying access by unauthorized LDP Clients or by location-applications to the LDP network and to ensure that confidentiality is maintained during transport over a wireless carrier's network and wireline networks.
  • the Authorization subsystem 205 uses data from the Administration and Authentication subsystems to enforce access controls upon both LDP Client Devices and Location-based applications.
  • the access controls implemented may be those specified in Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Request for Comment RFC-3693, “Geopriv Requirements,” the Liberty Alliance's Identity Service Interface Specifications (ID-SIS) for Geo-location, and the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA).
  • IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
  • ID-SIS Identity Service Interface Specifications
  • OMA Open Mobile Alliance
  • the Authorization subsystem may also obtain location data for an LDP Client before allowing or preventing access to a particular service or Location-based application.
  • Authorization may also be calendar or clock based dependent on the services described in the LDP profile record resident in the administration subsystem.
  • the Authorization system may also govern connections to external billing system and networks, denying connections to those networks that are not authorized or cannot be authenticated.
  • the Non-Volatile Local Record Storage of the LDP Server 220 is primarily used by the Administration, Accounting, and Authentication subsystems to store LDP profile records, ciphering keys, WLS deployments, and wireless carrier information.
  • the processing engine subsystem 207 may be a general purpose computer.
  • the processing engine manages LDP Server resources and routes data between subsystems.
  • the LDP Server 220 has a Volatile Local Memory store composed of multi-port memory to allow the LDP Server 220 to scale with multiple, redundant processors.
  • Authorized External billing networks and billing mediation system may access the LDP accounting subsystem database through this subsystem. Records may also be sent periodically via a pre-arranged interface.
  • the interconnection to External Data networks is designed to handle conversion of the LDP data stream to external LBS applications.
  • the interconnection to External Data networks is also a firewall to prevent unauthorized access as described in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Request for Comment RFC-3694, “Threat Analysis of the Geopriv Protocol.”
  • IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
  • Multiple access points resident in the Interconnection to External Data Networks subsystem 210 allow for redundancy and reconfiguration in the case of a denial-of-service or loss of service event.
  • interconnection protocols supported by the LDP Server 220 include the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) Mobile-Location-Protocol (MLP) and the Parlay X specification for web services; Part 9: Terminal Location as Open Service Access (OSA); Parlay X web services; Part 9: Terminal location (also standardized as 3GPP TS 29.199-09).
  • OMA Open Mobile Alliance
  • MLP Mobile-Location-Protocol
  • Parlay X Parlay X specification for web services
  • Part 9 Terminal Location as Open Service Access (OSA)
  • Parlay X web services Part 9: Terminal location (also standardized as 3GPP TS 29.199-09).
  • External Communications Networks refer to those networks, both public and private, used by the LDP Server 220 to communicate with location-based applications not resident on the LDP Server 220 or on the LDP Client Device 110 .
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • a system includes one or more LDP Client Devices 110 and an LDP Server 220 .
  • the LDP Client Devices 110 may be configured for gaming applications of the type that are typically regulated by state and local governmental agencies.
  • an LDP Client Device may comprise a conventional mobile computing device (e.g., PDA), a mobile digital phone, etc., or may be a special purpose device dedicated to gaming.
  • the LDP Client Device 110 has the capability to provide a user with wireless access to an Internet-based gaming application server. Such access may be provided via a wireless communications network (cellular, WiFi, etc.), as shown.
  • the gaming application server includes or is coupled to a database of gaming information, such as information describing the geographic regions where wagering is permitted.
  • the LDP Server 220 and Gaming Application Server are operatively coupled by a communications link, so that the two devices may communicate with one another.
  • the LDP Server 220 is also operatively coupled to a wireless location system, which, as discussed herein, may be any kind of system for determining the geographic location of the LDP Client Devices 110 . It is not necessary that the LDP Client Devices be located with the precision required for emergency (e.g., E911) services, but only that they be located to the extent necessary to determine whether the devices are in an area where wagering is permitted.
  • the LDP Server is provided with gaming jurisdictional information and well as information provided by the wireless location system.
  • the precise details of what information is provided to the LDP Server will depend upon the precise details of what kinds of services the LDP Server is to provide.
  • the LDP Client Device accesses the wireless communications network and requests access to gaming services.
  • This request is routed to the gaming application server, and the gaming application server in turn requests location information from the LDP Server.
  • the LDP Server requests the WLS to locate the LDP Client Device, and the WLS returns the location information to the LDP Server.
  • the LDP Server determines that the LDP Client Device is within a certain predefined jurisdictional area, and then determines whether gaming/wagering services should be provided (alternatively, this determination could be made the responsibility of the gaming application server). This information is provided to the gaming application server, and the gaming application server notifies the LDP Client Device of the determined gaming status decision (i.e., whether gaming services will or will not be provided).
  • Wireless devices typically have three modes of operation to save battery life: sleep, awake (listen), and transmit.
  • a fourth state, locate is possible. In this state, the LDP Client Device 110 comes first to the awake state. From received data or external sensor input, the LPD Client determines if activation of the Location Determination Engine or Transmission subsystem is required. If the received data or external sensor input indicates a location transmission is not needed, then the LDP Client Device 110 powers neither the location determination or transmission subsystems and returns to the minimal power drain sleep mode. If the received data or external sensor input indicates a location transmission is needed only if the device position has changed, then the LDP Client Device 110 will perform a device-based location and returns to the minimal power drain sleep mode.
  • the LDP Client Device 110 may perform a device-based location determination, activate the transmitter, send the current LDP Client Device 110 location (and any other requested data) and return to the minimal power drain sleep mode.
  • the LDP Client Device 110 may activate the transmitter, send a signal (optimized for location) to be located by network-means (the LDP Client Device 110 may send any other requested data at this time) and then return to the minimal power drain sleep mode.
  • LDP Clients using cellular data communications it is possible to provision the LDP Clients for minimal impact to existing cellular authentication, administration, authorization and accounting services.
  • a single LDP platform is distributed in each cellular base station footprint (within the cell-site electronics).
  • This single LDP Client Device 110 is then registered normally with the wireless carrier. All other LDPs in the area would then use SMS messages for communication with the LDP Server 220 (which has its own authentication, administration, authorization and accounting services) based on the single LDP ID (MIN/ESN/IMSI/TMSI) to limit HLR impact.
  • a server would use the payload of the SMS to determine both the true identity of the LDP and also the triggering action, location or attached sensor data.
  • the LDP Client Device 110 can enhance the location of an SMS transmission. Since characters are known, the encryption algorithm is known, the bit pattern can be generated and the complete SMS message is available for use as an ideal reference by signal processing to remove co-channel interference and noise to increase the precision possible in a location estimation.
  • a method for enforcement of privacy, re-distribution and billing non-repudiation using an encryption key server based in the LDP Server 220 may be employed.
  • the LDP Server 220 would encrypt the location record before delivery to any outside entity (the master gateway).
  • the gateway can either open the record or pass the protected record to another entity. Regardless of the opening entity, a key would have to be requested from the LDP Server 220 key server.
  • the request for this key means that the “private” key “envelope” was opened and the location sequence number (a random number allocated by the LDP Server 220 to identify the location record) read by the entity.
  • the LDP Server 220 would then deliver a “secret” key and the subscriber's location under the same “private” key repeating the location sequence number to allow reading of the location record. In this manner subscriber privacy is enforced, gateways can redistribute location records without reading and recording the data, and receipt of the record by the final entity is non-reputable.
  • the LDP Client Device 110 may be configured to receive broadcast acquisition data, register on the system (if required) and request data service from the wireless network.
  • the data connection is routed by the data network to the LDP Server 220 .
  • the LDP Client Device 110 Upon connection with the LDP Server 220 , the LDP Client Device 110 then immediately transmits its ID (examples include: MIN/ESN/TMSI/TruePosition), its channel information (examples include: Channel, CC, etc); its neighbor (for instance, the mobile-assisted-handoff (AHO) list (containing the target network station, target channel, target time offset, power offset, etc.); any encryption bit-string given to the LDP Client Device 110 by the network, and a semi random-but-known pattern to send over the existing data path.
  • This semi-random sequence is retransmitted on a (n) second repeat period (the (n) second repeat can be matched to the availability of the MAHO list) until commanded to stop either by internal counters/
  • the LDP Server 220 selects the network receiver stations based on the received channels and receiver stations available in the neighbor (MAHO) list (if any) or from internal tables of stations locations.
  • the network-based wireless location then performs a location up to the threshold of accuracy required by the quality of service demanded.
  • the LDP Server 220 can use the established duplex data path with the LDP Client Device 110 to update the LDP timers, ID, programming, or other characteristics.
  • the LDP Server 220 can then command the LDP Client Device 110 based on location, CellID, mode, band, or RF protocol.
  • the cellular system signaling, voice, and/or data encryption is irrelevant to this application since that data can be delivered in the data path to the WLS for use.
  • An LDP Client Device 110 not equipped with a device-based location determination engine can report its position in a non-network-based WLS environment to a LDP Server 220 equipped with an SMSC.
  • the LDP Client Device 110 can report the System ID (SID or PLMN) number or Private System ID (PSID) so the WLS can make the determination that the LPD is in (or out) of a WLS equipped system.
  • SID or PLMN System ID
  • PSID Private System ID
  • the neighbor (MAHO) list transmitted as a series of SMS messages on the control channel could give rough location in a friendly carrier network that has not yet been equipped with a WLS. Reverse SMS allows for the WLS to reprogram any aspect of the LDP. If the LDP Client Device 110 is in a network-based WLS equipped area, the LDP Client Device 110 can then offer higher levels of accuracy using the network-based WLS.
  • the LDP Client Device 110 radio communications subsystem is designed for multi-frequency, multi-mode operation or if the LDP Client Device 110 is provided with connection to external receivers or sensors, the LDP Client Device 110 becomes a location-enabled telemetry device.
  • the LDP Client Device 110 uses the radio communications subsystem or external receiver to locate radio broadcasts. Reception of such broadcasts, identified by the transmission band or information available from the broadcast, triggers the LDP Client Device 110 to establish a data connection to the LDP Server 220 , perform a device-based location or begin a location-enhanced transmission for use by the LDP Server 220 or other network-based server.
  • this LDP Client Device 110 variant is as a networked radar detector for automobiles or as a WiFi hotspot locator. In either case, the LDP Server 220 would record the network information and location for delivery to external location-enabled applications.
  • Battery life may be a key enabler for at least some applications of autonomous location specific devices.
  • the effort associated with periodically charging or replacing batteries in a location specific device is anticipated to be a significant cost driver.
  • a device is considered to have 3 states: active, idle, sleep.
  • the power consumption in the active state is driven by the efficiency of digital and RF electronics. Both of these technologies are considered mature and their power consumption is considered to be already optimized.
  • the power consumption in the sleep mode is driven by the amount of circuitry active during the sleep state. Less circuitry means less power consumption.
  • One method of minimizing power consumption is to minimize the amount of time spent in the idle state. During the idle state, the device must periodically listen to the network for commands (paging) and if received enter the active state. In a standard mobile station (MS), the amount of time spent in the idle state is minimized by restricting the when the paging commands can occur for any particular mobile station.
  • MS standard mobile station
  • This aspect of the invention utilizes an absolute external time reference (GPS, A-GPS, or information broadcast over a cellular network) to precisely calibrate the location specific client device's internal time reference.
  • An internal temperature sensing device would enable the device to temperature compensate its own reference.
  • the GPS or A-GPS receiver can be part of the location determination engine of the LDP Client Device 110 used for device-based location estimation.
  • the network can schedule the device to enter the idle mode at a precise time thereby maximizing the amount of time spent in the lowest power state. This method will also minimize unsuccessful attempts to communicate with a device in sleep mode thereby minimizing load on the communication network.
  • the LDP Client Device functionality may be incorporated into other electronic devices.
  • the LDP a location-aware device with radio communications to an external server with a database of service parameters and rules for use, can be used to grant, limit or deny service on the basis of not only location within a service area, but also on the basis of time, velocity, or altitude for a variety of electronic devices such as cell phones, PDAs, radar detectors, or other interactive systems.
  • Time includes both time-of-day and also periods of time so duration of a service can be limited.
  • the LDP Client Device 110 may be paired with another LDP Client to provide intelligent proximity services where the granting, limiting, or denial of services can be based on the proximity of the LDP pair.
  • an LDP Client Device 110 could be incorporated into an automobile while other LDPs would be incorporated into the car radio, navigation system, etc.
  • an anti-theft system is created.
  • the LDP Client Device 110 in the removed device could either deny service or allow service while providing location of the stolen device incorporating the LDP Client.
  • Each wireless (radio) location system comprises a transmitter and receiver.
  • the transmitter creates the signal of interest [s(t)], which is collected and measured by the receiver.
  • the measurement of the signal of interest may take place at either the wireless device or the network station.
  • the transmitter or the receiver can be in motion during the signal measurement interval. Both may be in motion if the movements of either (or both) can be precisely defined a priori.
  • the location system When the measurement takes place at the network (a geographically distributed set of one or more receivers or transceivers), the location system is known as network-based.
  • Network-based wireless location systems can use TOA, TDOA, AOA, POA, and PDOA measurements, often hybridized with two or more independent measurements being included in the final location calculation.
  • the networked receivers or transceivers are known by different names, including Base Stations (cellular), Access Points (Wireless Local Access Networks), Readers (RFID), Masters (Bluetooth) or Sensors (UWB).
  • network-based systems receive and measure the signal's time of arrival, angle of arrival, or signal strength.
  • Sources of location error in a network-based location system include: network station topology, signal path loss, signal multipath, co-channel signal interference and terrain topography.
  • Network station topology can be unsuitable for a network-based location technique with sites in a line (along a roadway) or sites with few neighbors.
  • Signal path loss can be compensated for by longer sampling periods or using a higher transmit power.
  • Some radio environments wide area, multiple access spread spectrum systems such as IS-95 CDMA and 3GPP UMTS have a hear-ability issue due to the lower transmit powers allowed.
  • Multipath signals caused by constructive and destructive interference of reflected, non-line-of-sight signal paths will also affect location accuracy and yield of a network-based system, with dense urban environments being especially problematic.
  • Multipath may be compensated for by use of multiple, separated receive antennas for signal collection and post-collection processing of the multiple received signals to remove time and frequency errors from the collected signals before location calculation.
  • Co-channel signal interference in a multiple access radio environment can be minimized by monitoring of device specific features (example: color-code) or by digital common mode filtering and correlation between pairs of collected signals to remove spurious signal components.
  • a Network-based Time-of-Arrival system relies on a signal of interest being broadcast from the device and received by the network station.
  • Variants of Network-based TOA include those summarized below.
  • a range measurement can be estimated from the round-trip time of a polling signal passed between and then returned between transceivers. In effect this range measurement is based on the TOA of the returned signal. Combining the range estimate with the known location of the network node provides a location estimate and error estimate. Single station TOA is useful in hybrid systems where additional location information such as angle-of-arrival or power-of-arrival is available.
  • Network-based TOA location in a synchronous network uses the absolute time of arrival of a radio broadcast at multiple receiver sites. Since signals travel with a known velocity, the distance can be calculated from the times of arrival at the receivers. Time-of-arrival data collected at two receivers will narrow a position to two points, and TOA data from a receiver is required to resolve the precise position. Synchronization of the network base stations is important. Inaccuracy in the timing synchronization translates directly to location estimation error. Other static sources of error that may be calibrated out include antenna and cabling latencies at the network receiver.
  • Synchronous Network TOA when super-high accuracy (atomic) clocks or GPS-type radio time references achieve affordability and portability, is for the transmitter and receivers to be locked to a common time standard.
  • the time-of-flight can be calculated directly and the range determined from the time-of-flight and speed of light.
  • Network-based TOA location in an asynchronous network uses the relative time of arrival of a radio broadcast at the network-based receivers. This technique requires that the distance between individual receiver sites and any differences in individual receiver timing be known. The signal time-of-arrival can then be normalized at for receiver site, leaving only the a time-of-flight between the device and each receiver. Since radio signals travel with a known velocity, the distance can be calculated from derived, normalized time-of-arrivals at the receivers. Time-of-arrival data collected from three of more receivers will be used to resolve the precise position.
  • the transmitted signal of interest is collected, processed, and time-stamped with great precision at multiple network receiver/transceiver stations.
  • the location of each network station, and thus the distance between stations, is known precisely.
  • the network receiver stations time stamping requires either highly synchronized with highly stable clocks or that the difference in timing between receiver station is known.
  • a measured time difference between the collected signals from any pair of receiver stations can be represented by a hyperbolic line of position.
  • the position of the receiver can be determined as being somewhere on the hyperbolic curve where the time difference between the received signals is constant.
  • the AOA method uses multiple antennas or multi-element antennae at two or more receiver sites to determine the location of a transmitter by determining the incident angle of an arriving radio signal at each receiver site.
  • UWB Ultrawideband
  • WiFi IEEE802.11
  • Power of arrival is a proximity measurement used between a single network node and wireless device. If the system consists of transceivers, with both a forward and reverse radio channel available between the device and network node, the wireless device may be commanded to use a certain power for transmission, otherwise the power of the device transmitter should be known a priori. Since the power of a radio signal decreases with range (from attenuation of radio waves by the atmosphere and the combined effects of free space loss, plane earth loss, and diffraction losses), an estimate of the range can be determined from the received signal. In simplest terms, as the distance between transmitter and receiver increases, the radiated radio energy is modeled as if spread over the surface of a sphere. This spherical model means that the radio power at the receiver is decreased by the square of the distance. This simple POA model can be refined by use of more sophisticated propagation models and use of calibration via test transmissions at likely transmission sites.
  • This power-of-arrival location technology uses features of the physical environment to locate wireless devices.
  • a radio transmission is reflected and absorbed by objects not on the direct line-of-sight on the way to the receiver (either a network antenna or device antenna), causing multipath interference.
  • the receiver the sum of the multiple, time delayed, attenuated copies of the transmission arrive for collection.
  • the POA multipath fingerprinting technique uses the amplitude of the multipath degraded signal to characterize the received signals for comparison against a database of amplitude patterns known to be received from certain calibration locations.
  • an operator calibrates the radio network (using test transmissions performed in a grid pattern over the service area) to build the database of amplitude pattern fingerprints for later comparison. Periodic recalibration is required to update the database to compensate for changes in the radio environment caused by seasonal changes and the effects of construction or clearances in the calibrated area.
  • Power-difference-of-arrival requires a one-to-many arrangement with either multiple sensors and a single transmitter or multiple transmitters and a single sensor.
  • PDOA techniques require that the transmitter power and sensor locations be known a priori so that power measurements at the measurement sensors may be calibrated for local (to the antenna and sensor) amplification or attenuation.
  • Network-based systems can be deployed as hybrid systems using a mix of solely network-based or one of network-based and device-based location technologies.
  • the device-based receivers or transceivers are known by different names: Mobile Stations (cellular), Access Points (Wireless Local Access Networks), transponders (RFID), Slaves (Bluetooth), or Tags (UWB). Since, in a device-based system, the signal being measured originates at the network, device-based systems receive and measure the signal's time of arrival or signal strength. Calculation of the device location may be performed at the device or measured signal characteristics may be transmitted to a server for additional processing.
  • Device-based TOA location in a synchronous network uses the absolute time of arrival of multiple radio broadcasts at the mobile receiver. Since signals travel with a known velocity, the distance can be calculated from the times of arrival either at the receiver or communicated back to the network and calculated at the server. Time of arrival data from two transmitters will narrow a position to two points, and data from a third transmitter is required to resolve the precise position. Synchronization of the network base stations is important. Inaccuracy in the timing synchronization translates directly to location estimation error. Other static sources of error that may be calibrated out include antenna and cabling latencies at the network transmitter.
  • a possible future implementation of device-based Synchronous Network TOA when super-high accuracy (atomic) clocks or GPS-type radio time references achieve affordability and portability, is for the network transmitter and receivers to both be locked to a common time standard.
  • the time-of-flight can be calculated directly and the range determined from the time-of-flight and speed of light.
  • Device-based TDOA is based at collected signals at the mobile device from geographically distributed network transmitters. Unless the transmitters also provide (directly or via broadcast) their locations or the transmitter locations are maintained in the device memory, the device cannot perform the TDOA location estimation directly, but must upload the collected signal related information to a landside server.
  • the network transmitters stations signal broadcasting requires either transmitter synchronization with highly stable clocks or that the difference in timing between transmitter stations is known to the location determination engine located either on the wireless device or the landside server.
  • TDOA Time Division Multiple Access
  • AFLT Advanced Forward Link Trilateration
  • EFLT Enhanced Forward Link Trilateration
  • the device-based Observed Time Difference location technique measuring the time at which signals from the three or more network transmitters arrive at two geographically dispersed locations. These locations can be a population of wireless handsets or a fixed location within the network. The location of the network transmitters must be known a priori to the server performing the location calculation. The position of the handset is determined by comparing the time differences between the two sets of timing measurements.
  • E-OTD GSM Enhanced Observed Time Difference
  • OTDOA UMTS Observed Time Difference of Arrival
  • the Global Positioning System is a satellite-based TDOA system that enables receivers on the Earth to calculate accurate location information.
  • the system uses a total of 24 active satellites with highly accurate atomic clocks placed in six different but equally spaced orbital planes. Each orbital plane has four satellites spaced equidistantly to maximize visibility from the surface of the earth.
  • a typical GPS receiver user will have between five and eight satellites in view at any time. With four satellites visible, sufficient timing information is available to be able to calculate the position on Earth.
  • Each GPS satellite transmits data that includes information about its location and the current time. All GPS satellites synchronize operations so that these repeating signals are transmitted at effectively the same instant.
  • the signals moving at the speed of light, arrive at a GPS receiver at slightly different times because some satellites are further away than others.
  • the distance to the GPS satellites can be determined by calculating the time it takes for the signals from the satellites to reach the receiver. When the receiver is able to calculate the distance from at least four GPS satellites, it is possible to determine the position of the GPS receiver in three dimensions.
  • the satellite transmits a variety of information. Some of the chief elements are known as ephemeris and almanac data.
  • the ephemeris data is information that enables the precise orbit of the satellite to be calculated.
  • the almanac data gives the approximate position of all the satellites in the constellation and from this the GPS receiver is able to discover which satellites are in view.
  • Location systems using dedicated spectrum and comprising geographically dispersed receiver networks and a wireless transmitter ‘tag’ can be used with the present invention as can systems supplying timing signals via geographically dispersed networks of transmitting beacons with the LDP Client Device 110 acting as a receiver or transceiver unit.
  • the LDP Client Device 110 is well suited to be either the transmitter tag or receiver unit for such a wireless system and may use such networks dependent on service area, accessibility and pricing of the location service.
  • the LDP Client Device 100 could use its ability to utilize other radio communications networks to converse with the LDP Server 220 and landside location applications. Examples of these broadcast location system include the Lo-jack vehicle recovery system, the LORAN system, and the Rosum HDTV transmitter-based, E-OTD-like system.
  • Cellular systems based on AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, GSM, GPRS, and UMTS all support the data communications link required for the present invention.
  • Cellular location systems and devices for enhancing cellular location techniques have been taught in detail in TruePosition's United States patents. These patents cover various location approaches, including but not limited to AoA, AoA hybrids, TDOA, TDOA hybrids including TDOA/FDOA, A-GPS, hybrid A-GPS. Many of the described technologies are now in commercial service.
  • WLAN systems that use unlicensed spectrum operate without the ability to handoff to other access points. Lack of coordination between access points will limit location techniques to single-station techniques such as POA and TOA (round-trip-delay).
  • WiFi is standardized as IEEE 802.11. Variants currently include 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11 g, and 802.11n. Designed as a short range, wireless local-are-network using unlicensed spectrum, WiFi system are well suited for the various proximity location techniques. Power is limited to comply with FCC Part 15 (Title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations transmission rules, Part 15, subsection 245).
  • Part 15.245 of the FCC rules describes the maximum effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) that a license-free system can emit and be certified.
  • EIRP effective isotropic radiated power
  • the EIRP can increase by 1 dB for every 3 dB increase in gain of the antenna.
  • IEEE 802.11 proximity location methods can be either network-based or device-based.
  • HiperLAN is short for High Performance Radio Local Area Networks. Developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), HiperLAN is a set of WLAN communication standards used chiefly in European countries.
  • ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
  • HiperLAN is a comparatively short-range variant of a broadband radio access network and was designed to be a complementary access mechanism for public UMTS (3GPP cellular) networks and for private use as a wireless LAN type systems. HiperLAN offers high speed (up to 54 Mb/s) wireless access to a variety of digital packet networks.
  • IEEE 802.16 WiMAN, WiMAX
  • IEEE 802.16 is working group number 16 of IEEE 802, specializing in point-to-multipoint broadband wireless access.
  • IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee is intended as a specification for low-powered networks for such uses as wireless monitoring and control of lights, security alarms, motion sensors, thermostats and smoke detectors.
  • 802.15.4/ZigBee is built on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard that specifies the MAC and PHY layers.
  • the “ZigBee” comes from higher-layer enhancements in development by a multi-vendor consortium called the Zigbee Alliance. For example, 802.15.4 specifies 128-bit AES encryption, while ZigBee specifies but how to handle encryption key exchange.
  • 802.15.4/ZigBee networks are slated to run in the unlicensed frequencies, including the 2.4-GHz band in the U.S.
  • Ultra Wideband Ultra Wideband
  • Ultrawideband is a modem embodiment of the oldest technique for modulating a radio signal (the Marconi Spark-Gap Transmitter). Pulse code modulation is used to encode data on a wide-band spread spectrum signal.
  • Ultra Wideband systems transmit signals across a much wider frequency than conventional radio communications systems and are usually very difficult to detect.
  • the amount of spectrum occupied by a UWB signal i.e., the bandwidth of the UWB signal, is at least 25% of the center frequency.
  • a UWB signal centered at 2 GHz would have a minimum bandwidth of 500 MHz and the minimum bandwidth of a UWB signal centered at 4 GHz would be 1 GHz.
  • the most common technique for generating a UWB signal is to transmit pulses with durations less than 1 nanosecond.
  • the UWB technique is useful for a location either be proximity (via POA), AoA, TDOA or hybrids of these techniques.
  • the accuracy of the TDOA estimation is limited by several practical factors such as integration time, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at each receive site, as well as the bandwidth of the transmitted signal.
  • SNR signal-to-noise ratio
  • TDOA rms 1 2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ f rms ⁇ 2 ⁇ SbT
  • f rms the rms bandwidth of the signal
  • b the noise equivalent bandwidth of the receiver
  • T the integration time
  • S the smaller SNR of the two sites.
  • the TDOA equation represents a lower bound.
  • the system should deal with interference and multipath, both of which tend to limit the effective SNR.
  • UWB radio technology is highly immune to the effects of multipath interference since the signal bandwidth of a UWB signal is similar to the coherence bandwidth of the multipath channel allowing the different multipath components to be resolved by the receiver.
  • the signal bit rate Since signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) fall with increasing power, after a certain point faster than the power rating increases, a falling s/n ratio means, in effect, greater informational entropy and a move away from the Shannon capacity, and hence less throughput. Since the power of the UWB signal decreases with range (from attenuation of radio waves by the atmosphere and the combined effects of free space loss, plane earth loss, and diffraction losses), the maximum possible bit rate will fall with increasing range. While of limited usage for a range estimate, the bit rate (or bit error rate) could serve as an indication of the approach or departure of the wireless device.
  • SNRs signal-to-noise ratios
  • the radiated radio energy is modeled as if spread over the surface of a sphere.
  • This spherical model means that the radio power at the receiver is decreased by the square of the distance.
  • This simple model can be refined by use of more sophisticated propagation models and use of calibration via test transmissions at likely transmission sites.
  • Bluetooth was originally conceived as a Wireless Personal Area Network(W-PAN or just PAN).
  • PAN is used interchangeably with the official term “Bluetooth Piconet”.
  • Bluetooth was designed for very low transmission power and has a usable range of under 10 meters without specialized, directional antenna. High-powered Bluetooth devices or use of specialized directional antenna can enable ranges up to 100 meters. Considering the design philosophies (the PAN and/or cable replacement) behind Bluetooth, even the 10 m range is adequate for the original purposes behind Bluetooth. A future version of the Bluetooth specification may allow longer ranges in competition with the IEEE802.11 WiFi WLAN networks.
  • Bluetooth for location purposes is limited to proximity (when the location of the Bluetooth master station is known) although single station Angle-of-Arrival location or AoA hybrids are possible when directional antenna are used to increase range or capacity.
  • Speed and direction of travel estimation can be obtained when the slave device moves between piconets.
  • Bluetooth piconets are designed to be dynamic and constantly changing so a device moving out of range of one master and into the range of another can establish a new link in a short period of time (typically between 1-5 seconds).
  • a directional vector may be developed from the known positions of the masters. If links between three or more masters are created (in series), an estimate of the direction and speed of the device can be calculated.
  • a Bluetooth network can provide the data link necessary for the present invention.
  • the LDP Client Device 110 to LDP Server 220 data could also be established over a W-LAN or cellular data network.
  • Radio Frequency Identification is an automatic identification and proximity location method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders.
  • An RFID tag is an encapsulated radio transmitter or transceiver.
  • RFID tags contain antennas to enable them to receive and respond to radio-frequency queries from an RFID Reader (a radio transceiver) and then respond with a radio-frequency response that includes the contents of the tags solid state memory.
  • Passive RFID tags require no internal power source and use power supplied by inductively coupling the reader with the coil antenna in the tag or by backscatter coupling between the reader and the dipole antenna of the tag.
  • Active RFID tags require a power source.
  • RFID wireless location is based on the Power-of-Arrival method since the tag transmits a signal of interest only when in proximity with the RFID Reader. Since the tag is only active when scanned by a reader, the known location of the reader determines the location of the tagged item.
  • RFID can be used to enable location-based services based on proximity (location and time of location). RFID yields no ancillary speed or direction of travel information.
  • the RFID reader even if equipped with sufficient wired or wireless backhaul is unlikely to provide sufficient data link bandwidth necessary for the present invention.
  • the RFID reader would provide a location indication while the LDP-to-LDP Server 220 data connection could also be established over a WLAN or cellular data network.
  • NFC Near Field Communications
  • Proximity location is enabled, with the range of the NFC transmitter less than 8 inches.
  • the NFC technology is standardized in ISO 18092, ISO 21481, ECMA (340, 352 and 356), and ETSI TS 102 190.
  • WLS Wireless Location System
  • explanatory terms such as wireless device, mobile station, client, network station, and the like, which should not be construed so as to limit the scope of protection of this application, or to otherwise imply that the inventive aspects of the WLS are limited to the particular methods and apparatus disclosed.
  • the place of implementation (i.e., the functional element) described herein is merely a designer's preference and not a hard requirement. Accordingly, except as they may be expressly so limited, the scope of protection is not intended to be limited to the specific embodiments described above.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Social Psychology (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
  • Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)

Abstract

A Location Device Platform (LDP) Client 110 and LDP Server 220 enable location services for any physical item. In one mode, the item is or comprises wireless communications device (cell phone, PDA, etc.) configured for the purposes of wagering. Since wagering is controlled by local or state regulations, the location of legal wagering is typically confined to enclosed areas such as casinos, riverboats, parimutuel tracks, or assigned off-site locations. Use of the LPD capabilities allows for wagering to take place anywhere under the control of a regulatory body.

Description

  • This application is related by subject matter to U.S. application Ser. No. 11/198,996, filed Aug. 8, 2005, entitled “Geo-Fencing in a Wireless Location System” (the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference), which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/150,414, filed Jun. 10, 2005, entitled “Advanced Triggers for Location Based Service Applications in a Wireless Location System,” which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/768,587, filed Jan. 29, 2004, entitled “Monitoring of Call Information in a Wireless Location System,” now pending, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/909,221, filed Jul. 18, 2001, entitled “Monitoring of Call Information in a Wireless Location System,” now U.S. Pat. No. 6,782,264 B2, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/539,352, filed Mar. 31, 2000, entitled “Centralized Database for a Wireless Location System,” now U.S. Pat. No. 6,317,604 B1, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/227,764, filed Jan. 8, 1999, entitled “Calibration for Wireless Location System,” now U.S. Pat. No. 6,184,829 B1.
    • TECHNICAL FIELD
  • The subject matter described herein relates generally to methods and apparatus for locating wireless devices, and enabling, selectively enabling, limiting, denying, or delaying certain functions or services based on the calculated geographic location and a pre-set location area defined by local, regional, or national legal jurisdictions. Wireless devices, also called mobile stations (MS), include those such as used in analog or digital cellular systems, personal communications systems (PCS), enhanced specialized mobile radios (ESMRs), wide-area-networks (WANs), and other types of wireless communications systems. Affected functions or services can include those either local to the mobile station or performed on a landside server or server network. More particularly, but not exclusively, the subject matter described herein relates to the use of jurisdiction sensitive gaming, wagering, or betting laws or regulations to determine if the gaming functionality of a MS can be enabled.
    • BACKGROUND
  • A great deal of effort has been directed to the location of wireless devices, most notably in support of the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) rules for Enhanced 911 (E911) Phase II. (The wireless Enhanced 911 (E911) rules seek to improve the effectiveness and reliability of wireless 911 service by providing 911 dispatchers with additional information on wireless 911 calls. The wireless E911 program is divided into two parts—Phase I and Phase II. Phase I requires carriers, upon valid request by a local Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP), to report the telephone number of a wireless 911 caller and the location of the antenna that received the call. Phase H requires wireless carriers to provide more precise location information, within 50 to 300 meters in most cases. The deployment of E911 has required the development of new technologies and upgrades to local 911 PSAPs, etc.) In E911 Phase II, the FCC's mandate included required location precision based on circular error probability. Network-based systems (wireless location systems where the radio signal is collected at the network receiver) were required to meet a precision of 67% of callers within 100 meters and 95% of callers within 300 meters. Handset-based systems (wireless location systems where the radio signal is collected at the mobile station) were required to meet a precision of 67% of callers within 50 meters and 95% of callers within 100 meters. Wireless carriers were allowed to adjust location accuracy over service areas so the accuracy of any given location estimation could not be guaranteed.
  • While some considerations, such as accuracy and yield (the number of successful locations per calls) were defined by the FCC for the single LBS service of E911, additional quality-of -service (QoS) parameters such as latency (time to location fix and delivery of the location estimate to the requesting or selected application) were not. The FCC concern with accuracy was for the particular instance of a cellular call being placed to an emergency services center (the 911 centers or PSAP). The state-of-the-art and the FCC's rigorous accuracy standards limited the technology choices for widely deployed location technologies. Network-based options for E911 Phase II included uplink-time-difference-of-arrival (U-TDOA), angle of arrival (AoA), and TDOA/AoA hybrids. Non- network-based location options for E911 Phase II included use of the Navistar Global Positioning System (GPS) augmented with data from a landside server that includes synchronization timing, orbital data (Ephemeris) and acquisition data (code phase and Doppler ranges).
  • Besides the FCC E911 compliant location systems for wireless voice communications, other wireless location systems using Time-of-Arrival (TOA), Time-Difference-of-Arrival (TDOA), Angle-of-Arrival (AoA), Power-of-Arrival (POA), Power-Difference-of-Arrival can be used to develop a location to meet specific location-based services (LBS) requirements.
  • In the Detailed Description section below, we provide further background on location techniques and wireless communications systems that may be employed in connection with the present invention. In the remainder of this Background section, we provide further background on wireless location systems.
  • Early work relating to Wireless Location Systems is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,327,144, Jul. 5, 1994, “Cellular Telephone Location System,” which discloses a system for locating cellular telephones using time difference of arrival (TDOA) techniques. Further enhancements of the system disclosed in the '144 patent are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,608,410, Mar. 4, 1997, “System for Locating a Source of Bursty Transmissions.” Both of these patents are assigned to TruePosition, Inc., the assignee of the present invention. TruePosition has continued to develop significant enhancements to the original inventive concepts.
  • Over the past few years, the cellular industry has increased the number of air interface protocols available for use by wireless telephones, increased the number of frequency bands in which wireless or mobile telephones may operate, and expanded the number of terms that refer or relate to mobile telephones to include “personal communications services,” “wireless,” and others. The air interface protocols now used in the wireless industry include AMPS, N-AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, GSM, TACS, ESMR, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS WCDMA, and others.
  • The wireless communications industry has acknowledged the value and importance of the Wireless Location System. In June 1996, the Federal Communications Commission issued requirements for the wireless communications industry to deploy location systems for use in locating wireless 911 callers. Widespread deployment of these systems can reduce emergency response time, save lives, and save enormous costs because of reduced use of emergency response resources. In addition, surveys and studies have concluded that various wireless applications, such as location sensitive billing, fleet management, and others, will have great commercial value in the coming years.
  • As mentioned, the wireless communications industry uses numerous air interface protocols in different frequency bands, both in the U.S. and internationally. In general, neither the air interface nor the frequency bands impact the Wireless Location System's effectiveness at locating wireless telephones.
  • All air interface protocols use two categories of channels, where a channel is defined as one of multiple transmission paths within a single link between points in a wireless network. A channel may be defined by frequency, by bandwidth, by synchronized time slots, by encoding, shift keying, modulation scheme, or by any combination of these parameters. The first category, called control or access channel, is used to convey information about the wireless telephone or transmitter, for initiating or terminating calls, or for transferring bursty data. For example, some types of short messaging services transfer data over the control channel. Different air interfaces use different terminology to describe control channels but the function of the control channels in each air interface is similar. The second category of channel, known as voice or traffic channel, typically conveys voice or data communications over the air interface. Traffic channels come into use once a call has been set up using the control channels. Voice and user data channels typically use dedicated resources, i.e., the channel can be used only by a single mobile device, whereas control channels use shared resources, i.e., the channel can be accessed by multiple users. Voice channels generally do not carry identifying information about the wireless telephone or transmitter in the transmission. For some wireless location applications this distinction can make the use of control channels more cost effective than the use of voice channels, although for some applications location on the voice channel can be preferable.
  • The following paragraphs discuss some of the differences in the air interface protocols:
  • AMPS—This is the original air interface protocol used for cellular communications in the U.S. and described in TIA/EIA Standard IS 553A. The AMPS system assigns separate dedicated channels for use by control channels (RCC), which are defined according to frequency and bandwidth and are used for transmission from the BTS to the mobile phone A reverse voice channel (RVC), used for transmission from the mobile phone to the BTS, may occupy any channel that is not assigned to a control channel.
  • N-AMPS—This air interface is an expansion of the AMPS air interface protocol, and is defined in EIA/TIA standard IS-88. It uses substantially the same control channels as are used in AMPS but different voice channels with different bandwidth and modulation schemes.
  • TDMA—This interface, also known as D-AMPS and defined in EIA/TIA standard IS-136, is characterized by the use of both frequency and time separation. Digital Control Channels (DCCH) are transmitted in bursts in assigned timeslots that may occur anywhere in the frequency band. Digital Traffic Channels (DTC) may occupy the same frequency assignments as DCCH channels but not the same timeslot assignment in a given frequency assignment. In the cellular band, a carrier may use both the AMPS and TDMA protocols, as long as the frequency assignments for each protocol are kept separated.
  • CDMA—This air interface, defined by EIA/TIA standard IS-95A, is characterized by the use of both frequency and code separation. Because adjacent cell sites may use the same frequency sets, CDMA must operate under very careful power control, producing a situation known to those skilled in the art as the near-far problem, makes it difficult for most methods of wireless location to achieve an accurate location (but see U.S. Pat. No. 6,047,192, Apr. 4, 2000, Robust, Efficient, Localization System, for a solution to this problem). Control channels (known in CDMA as Access Channels) and Traffic Channels may share the same frequency band but are separated by code.
  • GSM—This air interface, defined by the international standard Global System for Mobile Communications, is characterized by the use of both frequency and time separation. GSM distinguishes between physical channels (the timeslot) and logical channels (the information carried by the physical channels). Several recurring timeslots on a carrier constitute a physical channel, which are used by different logical channels to transfer information—both user data and signaling.
  • Control channels (CCH), which include broadcast control channels (BCCH), Common Control Channels (CCCH), and Dedicated Control Channels (DCCH), are transmitted in bursts in assigned timeslots for use by CCH. CCH may be assigned anywhere in the frequency band. Traffic Channels (TCH) and CCH may occupy the same frequency assignments but not the same timeslot assignment in a given frequency assignment. CCH and TCH use the same modulation scheme, known as GMSK. The GSM General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) systems reuse the GSM channel structure, but can use multiple modulation schemes and data compression to provide higher data throughput. GSM, GPRS, and EDGE radio protocols are subsumed by the category known as GERAN or GSM Edge Radio Access Network.
  • UMTS—Properly known as UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network), is an air interface defined by the international standard third Generation Partnership program as a successor to the GERAN protocols. UMTS is also sometimes known as WCDMA (or W-CDMA), which stands for Wideband Code Division Multiple Access. WCDMA is direct spread technology, which means that it will spread its transmissions over a wide, 5 MHz carrier.
  • The WCDMA FDD (Frequency Division Duplexed) UMTS air interface (the U-interface) separates physical channels by both frequency and code. The WCDMA TDD (Time Division Duplexed) UMTS air interface separates physical channels by the use of frequency, time, and code. All variants of the UMTS radio interface contain logical channels that are mapped to transport channels, which are again mapped to W-CDMA FDD or TDD physical channels. Because adjacent cell sites may use the same frequency sets, WCDMA also uses very careful power control to counter the near-far problem common to all CDMA systems. Control channels in UMTS are known as Access Channels whereas data or voice channels are known as Traffic Channels. Access and Traffic Channels may share the same frequency band and modulation scheme but are separated by code. Within this specification, a general reference to control and access channels, or voice and data channels, shall refer to all types of control or voice and data channels, whatever the preferred terminology for a particular air interface. Moreover, given the many types of air interfaces (e.g., IS-95 CDMA, CDMA 2000, UMTS, and W-CDMA) used throughout the world, this specification does not exclude any air interface from the inventive concepts described herein. Those skilled in the art will recognize other interfaces used elsewhere are derivatives of or similar in class to those described above.
  • GSM networks present a number of potential problems to existing Wireless Location Systems. First, wireless devices connected to a GSM/GPRS/UMTS network rarely transmit when the traffic channels are in use. The use of encryption on the traffic channel and the use of temporary nicknames (Temporary Mobile Station Identifiers (TMSI)) for security render radio network monitors of limited usefulness for triggering or tasking wireless location systems. Wireless devices connected to such a GSM/GPRS/UMTS radio network merely periodically “listen” for a transmission to the wireless device and do not transmit signals to regional receivers except during call setup, voice/data operation, and call breakdown. This reduces the probability of detecting a wireless device connected to a GSM network. It may be possible to overcome this limitation by actively “pinging” all wireless devices in a region. However, this method places large stresses on the capacity of the wireless network. In addition, active pinging of wireless devices may alert mobile device users to the use of the location system, which can reduce the effectiveness or increase the annoyance of a polling location-based application.
  • The above-cited application Ser. No. 11/198,996, “Geo-Fencing in a Wireless Location System,” describes methods and systems employed by a wireless location system to locate a wireless device operating in a defined geographic area served by a wireless communications system. In such a system, a geo-fenced area may be defined, and then a set of predefined signaling links of the wireless communications system may be monitored. The monitoring may also include detecting that a mobile device has performed any of the following acts with respect to the geo-fenced area: (1) entered the geo-fenced area, (2) exited the geo-fenced area, and (3) come within a predefined degree of proximity near the geo-fenced area. In addition, the method may also include, in response to detecting that the mobile device has performed at least one of these acts, triggering a high-accuracy location function for determining the geographic location of the mobile device. The present application describes methods and systems for using the concept of a geo-fenced area to enable, selectively enable, limit, deny, or delay certain functions or services based on the calculated geographic location and a pre-set location area defined by local, regional, or national legal jurisdictions. The present invention, however, is by no means limited to systems employing the geo-fencing technologies described in the above-cited application Ser. No. 11/198,996.
    • SUMMARY
  • The following summary provides an overview of various aspects of exemplary implementations of the invention. This summary is not intended to provide an exhaustive description of all of the important aspects of the invention, or to define the scope of the invention. Rather, this summary is intended to serve as an introduction to the following description of illustrative embodiments.
  • With the increase in gaming and the increase in wireless networks, interest in wireless device-based gaming is rising. In the present application, we describe, among other things, a wireless user interface device, application server, and location service to enable legal wireless gaming. The ability to independently locate the wireless device serves to eliminate location spoofing and assures authorities that the gaming transaction is limited to licensed jurisdictions.
  • The illustrative embodiments described herein provide methods and apparatus for locating wireless devices, and enabling, selectively enabling, limiting, denying, or delaying certain functions or services based on the calculated geographic location and a pre-set location area defined by user definitions; service area; billing zones; or local, regional, or national political boundaries or legal jurisdictions. Wireless devices include those such as used in analog or digital cellular systems, personal communications systems (PCS), enhanced specialized mobile radios (ESMRs), wide-area-networks (WANs), networks of localized radios (WiFi, UWB, RFID) and other types of wireless communications systems. Affected functions or services can include those either local to the wireless device or performed on a server or server network. More particularly, but not exclusively, we describe the use of wireless device location estimates with jurisdiction sensitive gaming, wagering, or betting laws or regulations to determine if the gaming functionality of a wireless device can be enabled.
  • Additional features and advantages of the invention will be made apparent from the following Detailed Description of Illustrative Embodiments.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • The foregoing summary as well as the following detailed description are better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the invention, there is shown in the drawings exemplary constructions of the invention; however, the invention is not limited to the specific methods and instrumentalities disclosed. In the drawings:
  • FIG. 1 schematically depicts a Location Device Platform (LDP) Client Device.
  • FIG. 2 schematically depicts an LDP Server.
  • FIG. 3 schematically depicts a system in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a process in accordance with the present invention.
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS
  • A. Overview
  • A Location Device Platform (LDP) Client 110 and LDP Server 220 (see FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively) enable location services for any physical item. In one mode, the item is or comprises wireless communications device (cell phone, PDA, etc.) configured for the purposes of wagering. Since wagering is controlled (in the USA) by local or state regulations, the location of legal wagering is typically confined to enclosed areas such as casinos, riverboats, parimutuel tracks, or assigned off-site locations. Use of the LPD capabilities allows for wagering to take place anywhere under the control of a regulatory body.
  • The LDP Client Device 110 may be used for both purpose-built and general purpose computing platforms with wireless connections and wagering functionality. The LDP Server 220, a location-aware server resident in a telecommunications network, can perform location checking on the wireless LDP Client Device 110 (analogous to existing systems checking of IP addresses or telephony area codes) to determine if wagering functionality can be enabled. The actual wagering application can be resident on the LDP Server 220 or exist on another networked server. The LDP Server 220 can even supply a gaming permission indicator or a geographical location to a live operator/teller.
  • The location methodology employed by the wireless location system may be dependent on the service area deployed or requirements from the wagering entity or regulatory authority. Network-based location systems include those using POA, PDOA, TOA, TDOA, or AOA, or combinations of these. Device-based location systems may include those using POA, PDOA, TOA, TDOA, GPS, or A-GPS. Hybrids, combining multiple network-based techniques, multiple device-based techniques, or a combination of network and device based techniques, can be used to achieve the accuracy, yield, and latency requirements of the service area or location-based service. The location-aware LDP Server 220 may decide on the location technique to use from those available based on cost of location acquisition.
  • The LDP Client Device 110 preferably includes a radio communications link (radio receiver and transmitter 100, 101) for communicating with the LDP Server 220. Wireless data communications may include cellular (modem, CPDP, EVDO, GPRS, etc.) or wide-area networks (WiFi, WiMAN/MAX, WiBro, ZigBee, etc.) associated with the location system. The radio communications method can be independent of the wireless location system functionality—for instance, the device may acquire a local WiFi Access Point, but then use GSM to communicate the SSID of the WiFi beacon to the LDP Server 220 for a proximity location.
  • The LDP Server 220 authenticates, authorizes, bills, and administers the use of the LDP Client Device 110. Preferably, the LDP Server 220 also maintains the service area definitions and wagering rules associated with each service area. The service area may be either a polygon defined by a set of latitude/longitude points or a radius from a central point. The service area may be defined within the location-aware server by interpretation of gaming statutes. Based on the service area definition, the rules, and the calculated location, the LDP Server 220 may grant the wireless device full access, limited access, or no access to gaming services. The LDP Server 220 also preferably supports a geo-fencing application where the LDP Client Device 110 (and the wagering server) is informed when the LDP Client Device 110 enters or leaves a service area. The LDP Server 220 preferably supports multiple limited access indications. Limited access to a wagering service can mean that only simulated play is enabled. Limited access to service can also mean that real multi-player gaming is enabled, but wagering is not allowed. Limited access to service may be determined by time of day or by the location combined with the time of day. Moreover, limited access to service can mean that a reservation for gaming at a particular time and within a prescribed area is made.
  • The LDP Server 220 can issues a denial of service to both the LDP Client Device 110 and the wagering server. Denial of access can also allow for the provision of directions to where requested gaming is allowed.
  • The LDP Client Device 110 and LDP Server 220 may allow for all online gaming and wagering activities based on card games, table games, board games, horse racing, auto racing, athletic sports, on-line RPG, and online first person shooter.
  • It is envisioned, but not required, that the LDP Server 220 could be owned or controlled by a wireless carrier, a gaming organization or a local regulatory board.
  • We will now briefly summarize two exemplary use cases.
  • Use Case: Geo-Fencinz
  • In this scenario, the LDP Client Device 110 is a purpose-built gaming model using GSM as the radio link and network-based Uplink-TDOA as the location technique. Handed out to passengers as they arrive at the airport, the LDP Client Device 110 initially supports gaming tutorials, advertisements, and simulated play. When the device enters the service area, it signals the user though audible and visual indicators that the device is now capable of actual wagering. This is an example of a geo-fencing application. Billing and winnings are enabled via credit card or can be charged/awarded to a hotel room number. If the LDP Client Device 110 leaves the area, audible and visual indicators show that the device is now incapable of actual wagering as the LPD Server 220 issues a denial message to the LDP Client Device and wagering server.
  • Use Case: Access Attempt
  • In this scenario, the LDP Client Device 110 is a general purpose portable computer with a WiFi transceiver. A wagering application client is resident on the computer. Each time a wagering function is accessed, the LDP Client Device 110 queries the LDP Server 220 for permission. The LDP Server 220 obtains the current location based on the WiFi SSID and power of arrival, compares the location against the service area definition and allows or denies access to the selected wagering application. Billing and winnings are enabled via credit card.
  • B. LDP Client Device
  • The LDP Client Device 110 is preferably implemented as a location enabling hardware and software electronic platform. The LDP Client Device 110 is preferably capable of enhancing accuracy of a network-based wireless location system and hosting both device-based and hybrid (device and network-based) wireless location applications.
  • Form Factors
  • The LDP Client Device 110 may be built in a number of form-factors including a circuit-board design for incorporation into other electronic systems. Addition (or deletion) of components from the Radio Communications Transmitter/Receiver, Location Determination, Display(s), Non-Volatile Local Record Storage, Processing Engine, User Input(s), Volatile Local Memory, Device Power Conversion and Control subsystems or removal of unnecessary subsystems allow the size, weight, power, and form of the LPD to match multiple requirements.
  • Radio Communications—Transmitter 101
  • The LDP Radio Communications subsystem may contain one or more transmitters in the form of solid-state application-specific-integrated-circuits (ASICs). Use of a software defined radio may be used to replace multiple narrow-band transmitters and enable transmission in the aforementioned radio communications and location systems. The LDP Client Device 110 is capable of separating the communications radio link transmitter from the transmitter involved in a wireless location transmission under direction of the onboard processor or LDP Server 220.
  • Radio Communications—Receiver 100
  • The LDP Radio Communications subsystem may contain one or more receivers in the form of solid-state application-specific-integrated-circuits (ASICs). Use of a wide-band software defined radio may be used to replace multiple narrow-band receivers and enable reception of the aforementioned radio communications and location systems. The LDP Client Device 110 is capable of separating the communications radio link receiver from the receiver used for wireless location purposes under direction of the onboard processor or LDP Server 220. The LDP Radio Communications subsystem may also be used to obtain location-specific broadcast information (such as transmitter locations or satellite ephemerides) or timing signals from the communications network or other transmitters.
  • Location Determination Engine 102
  • The Location Determination Engine, or subsystem, 102 of the LPD Client Device enables device-based, network-based, and hybrid location technologies. This subsystem can collect power and timing measurements, broadcast positioning information and other collateral information for various location methodologies, including but not limited to: device-based time-of-arrival (TOA), forward link trilateration (FLT), Advanced-forward-link-trilateration (AFLT), Enhanced-forward-link-trilateration (E-FLT), Enhanced Observed Difference of Arrival (EOTD), Observed Time Difference of Arrival (O-TDOA), Global Positioning System (GPS) and Assisted GPS (A-GPS). The location methodology may be dependent on the characteristics of the underlying radio communications or radio location system selected by the LDP or LDP Server 220.
  • The Location Determination subsystem can also act to enhance location in network-based location systems by modifying the transmission characteristics of the LPD Client Device 110 to maximize the device's signal power, duration, bandwidth, and/or delectability (for instance, by inserting a known pattern in the transmitted signal to enable the network-based receiver to use maximum likelihood sequence detection).
  • Display(s) 103
  • The display subsystem of the LDP Client Device, when present, may be unique to the LDP and optimized for the particular location-application the device enables. The display subsystem may also be an interface to another device's display subsystem. Examples of LDP displays may include sonic, tactile or visual indicators.
  • User Input(s) 104
  • The User Input(s) subsystem 104 of the LDP Client Device, when present, may be unique to the LDP Client Device and optimized for the particular location-application the LPD Client Device enables. The User Input subsystem may also be an interface to another device's input devices.
  • Timer 105
  • The timer 105 provides accurate timing/clock signals as may be required by the LDP Client Device 110.
  • Device Power Conversion and Control 106
  • The Device Power Conversion and Control subsystem 106 acts to convert and condition landline or battery power for the other LDP Client's electronic subsystems.
  • Processing Engine 107
  • The processing engine subsystem 107 may be a general purpose computer that can be used by the radio communication, displays, inputs, and location determination subsystems. The processing engine manages LDP Client resources and routes data between subsystems and to optimize system performance and power consumption in addition to the normal CPU duties of volatile/non-volatile memory allocation, prioritization, event scheduling, queue management, interrupt management, paging/swap space allocation of volatile memory, process resource limits, virtual memory management parameters, and input/output (I/O) management. If a location services application is running local to the LDP Client Device 110, the processing engine subsystem 107 can be scaled to provide sufficient CPU resources.
  • Volatile Local Memory 108
  • The Volatile Local Memory subsystem 108 is under control of the processing engine subsystem 107, which allocates memory to the various subsystems and LDP Client resident location applications.
  • Non-Volatile Local Record Storage 109
  • The LDP Client Device 110 may maintain local storage of transmitter locations, receiver locations or satellite ephemerides in non-volatile local record storage 109 through power-down conditions. If the location services application is running local to the LDP Client, application specific data and application parameters such as identification, ciphering codes, presentation options, high scores, previous locations, pseudonyms, buddy lists, and default settings can be stored in the non-volatile local record storage subsystem.
  • C. Location Aware Application Enabling Server (LDP Server) 220
  • The LDP Server 220 (see FIG. 2) provides the interface between the wireless LDP Client Devices 110 and networked location-based services applications. In the following paragraphs we describe the components of the illustrative embodiment depicted in FIG. 2. It should be noted that the various functions described are illustrative and are preferably implemented using computer hardware and software technologies, i.e., the LDP Server is preferably implemented as a programmed computer interfaced with radio communications technologies.
  • Radio Communications Network Interface 200
  • The LDP Server 220 connects to the LDP Client Device 110 by a data link running over a radio communications network either as a modem signal using systems such as, but not limited to: CDPD, GPRS, SMS/MMS, CDMA-EVDO, or Mobitex. The Radio Communications Network Interface (RCNI) subsystem acts to select and commands the correct (for the particular LDP) communications system for a push operation (where data is sent to the LDP Client 110). The RCNI subsystem also handles pull operations where the LDP Client Device 110 connects the LDP Server 220 to initiate a location or location-sensitive operation.
  • Location Determination Engine 201
  • The Location Determination Engine subsystem 201 allows the LDP Server 220 to obtain LDP Client Device 110 location via network-based TOA, TDOA, POA, PDOA, AoA or hybrid device and network-based location techniques.
  • Administration Subsystem 202
  • The Administration subsystem 202 maintains individual LDP records and services subscription elections. The LDP Server 220 Administration subsystem allows for arbitrary groupings of LDP Client Devices to form services classes. LDP subscriber records may include ownership; passwords/ciphers; account permissions; LDP Client Device 110 capabilities; LDP make, model, and manufacturer; access credentials; and routing information. In the case where the LDP Client Device is a registered device under a wireless communication provider's network, the LDP Server 220 administration subsystem preferably maintains all relevant parameters allowing for LDP access of the wireless communication provider's network.
  • Accounting Subsystem 203
  • The LDP Accounting subsystem 203 handles basic accounting functions including maintaining access records, access times, and the location application accessing the LDP Client location allowing for charging for individual LDP Client Device and individual LBS services. The Accounting subsystem also preferably records and tracks the cost of each LDP access by the wireless communications network provider and the wireless location network provider. Costs may be recorded for each access and location. The LDP Server 220 can be set with a rules-based system for the minimization of access charges via network and location system preference selection.
  • Authentication Subsystem 204
  • The main function of the Authentication subsystem 204 is to provide the LDP Server 220 with the real-time authentication factors needed by the authentication and ciphering processes used within the LDP network for LDP access, data transmission and LBS-application access. The purpose of the authentication process is to protect the LDP network by denying access by unauthorized LDP Clients or by location-applications to the LDP network and to ensure that confidentiality is maintained during transport over a wireless carrier's network and wireline networks.
  • Authorization Subsystem 205
  • The Authorization subsystem 205 uses data from the Administration and Authentication subsystems to enforce access controls upon both LDP Client Devices and Location-based applications. The access controls implemented may be those specified in Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Request for Comment RFC-3693, “Geopriv Requirements,” the Liberty Alliance's Identity Service Interface Specifications (ID-SIS) for Geo-location, and the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA). The Authorization subsystem may also obtain location data for an LDP Client before allowing or preventing access to a particular service or Location-based application. Authorization may also be calendar or clock based dependent on the services described in the LDP profile record resident in the administration subsystem. The Authorization system may also govern connections to external billing system and networks, denying connections to those networks that are not authorized or cannot be authenticated.
  • Non-Volatile Local Record Storage 206
  • The Non-Volatile Local Record Storage of the LDP Server 220 is primarily used by the Administration, Accounting, and Authentication subsystems to store LDP profile records, ciphering keys, WLS deployments, and wireless carrier information.
  • Processing Engine 207
  • The processing engine subsystem 207 may be a general purpose computer. The processing engine manages LDP Server resources and routes data between subsystems.
  • Volatile Local Memory 208
  • The LDP Server 220 has a Volatile Local Memory store composed of multi-port memory to allow the LDP Server 220 to scale with multiple, redundant processors.
  • External Billing Network(s) 209
  • Authorized External billing networks and billing mediation system may access the LDP accounting subsystem database through this subsystem. Records may also be sent periodically via a pre-arranged interface.
  • Interconnection(s) to External Data Network(s) 210
  • The interconnection to External Data networks is designed to handle conversion of the LDP data stream to external LBS applications. The interconnection to External Data networks is also a firewall to prevent unauthorized access as described in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Request for Comment RFC-3694, “Threat Analysis of the Geopriv Protocol.” Multiple access points resident in the Interconnection to External Data Networks subsystem 210 allow for redundancy and reconfiguration in the case of a denial-of-service or loss of service event. Examples of interconnection protocols supported by the LDP Server 220 include the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) Mobile-Location-Protocol (MLP) and the Parlay X specification for web services; Part 9: Terminal Location as Open Service Access (OSA); Parlay X web services; Part 9: Terminal location (also standardized as 3GPP TS 29.199-09).
  • External Communications Network(s) 211
  • External Communications Networks refer to those networks, both public and private, used by the LDP Server 220 to communicate with location-based applications not resident on the LDP Server 220 or on the LDP Client Device 110.
  • D. System/Process for Gaming
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. As shown, such a system includes one or more LDP Client Devices 110 and an LDP Server 220. The LDP Client Devices 110 may be configured for gaming applications of the type that are typically regulated by state and local governmental agencies. As discussed above, an LDP Client Device may comprise a conventional mobile computing device (e.g., PDA), a mobile digital phone, etc., or may be a special purpose device dedicated to gaming. The LDP Client Device 110 has the capability to provide a user with wireless access to an Internet-based gaming application server. Such access may be provided via a wireless communications network (cellular, WiFi, etc.), as shown. In this implementation of the system, the gaming application server includes or is coupled to a database of gaming information, such as information describing the geographic regions where wagering is permitted.
  • As shown in FIG. 3, the LDP Server 220 and Gaming Application Server are operatively coupled by a communications link, so that the two devices may communicate with one another. In this embodiment, the LDP Server 220 is also operatively coupled to a wireless location system, which, as discussed herein, may be any kind of system for determining the geographic location of the LDP Client Devices 110. It is not necessary that the LDP Client Devices be located with the precision required for emergency (e.g., E911) services, but only that they be located to the extent necessary to determine whether the devices are in an area where wagering is permitted.
  • Referring now to FIG. 4, in one exemplary implementation of the invention, the LDP Server is provided with gaming jurisdictional information and well as information provided by the wireless location system. The precise details of what information is provided to the LDP Server will depend upon the precise details of what kinds of services the LDP Server is to provide.
  • As shown in FIG. 4, the LDP Client Device accesses the wireless communications network and requests access to gaming services. This request is routed to the gaming application server, and the gaming application server in turn requests location information from the LDP Server. The LDP Server requests the WLS to locate the LDP Client Device, and the WLS returns the location information to the LDP Server. In this implementation of the invention, the LDP Server determines that the LDP Client Device is within a certain predefined jurisdictional area, and then determines whether gaming/wagering services should be provided (alternatively, this determination could be made the responsibility of the gaming application server). This information is provided to the gaming application server, and the gaming application server notifies the LDP Client Device of the determined gaming status decision (i.e., whether gaming services will or will not be provided).
    • E. Other Embodiments
  • LDP Power Savings through Selective Awake Mode
  • Wireless devices typically have three modes of operation to save battery life: sleep, awake (listen), and transmit. In the case of the LDP Client Device 110, a fourth state, locate, is possible. In this state, the LDP Client Device 110 comes first to the awake state. From received data or external sensor input, the LPD Client determines if activation of the Location Determination Engine or Transmission subsystem is required. If the received data or external sensor input indicates a location transmission is not needed, then the LDP Client Device 110 powers neither the location determination or transmission subsystems and returns to the minimal power drain sleep mode. If the received data or external sensor input indicates a location transmission is needed only if the device position has changed, then the LDP Client Device 110 will perform a device-based location and returns to the minimal power drain sleep mode. If the received data or external sensor input indicates a location transmission is necessary, then the LDP Client Device 110 may perform a device-based location determination, activate the transmitter, send the current LDP Client Device 110 location (and any other requested data) and return to the minimal power drain sleep mode. Alternatively, if the received data or external sensor input indicates a location transmission is necessary, then the LDP Client Device 110 may activate the transmitter, send a signal (optimized for location) to be located by network-means (the LDP Client Device 110 may send any other requested data at this time) and then return to the minimal power drain sleep mode.
  • Invisible Roaming for Non-Voice Wireless LDPs
  • For LDP Clients using cellular data communications, it is possible to provision the LDP Clients for minimal impact to existing cellular authentication, administration, authorization and accounting services. In this scenario, a single LDP platform is distributed in each cellular base station footprint (within the cell-site electronics). This single LDP Client Device 110 is then registered normally with the wireless carrier. All other LDPs in the area would then use SMS messages for communication with the LDP Server 220 (which has its own authentication, administration, authorization and accounting services) based on the single LDP ID (MIN/ESN/IMSI/TMSI) to limit HLR impact. A server would use the payload of the SMS to determine both the true identity of the LDP and also the triggering action, location or attached sensor data.
  • SMS Location Probes Using a Known Pattern Loaded into the LDP
  • Using SMS messages with a known pattern of up to 190 characters in a deployed WLS control channel location architecture or A-bis monitored system the LDP Client Device 110 can enhance the location of an SMS transmission. Since characters are known, the encryption algorithm is known, the bit pattern can be generated and the complete SMS message is available for use as an ideal reference by signal processing to remove co-channel interference and noise to increase the precision possible in a location estimation.
  • Location Data Encryption for Privacy, distribution and Non-Repudiation.
  • A method for enforcement of privacy, re-distribution and billing non-repudiation using an encryption key server based in the LDP Server 220 may be employed. In this method, the LDP Server 220 would encrypt the location record before delivery to any outside entity (the master gateway). The gateway can either open the record or pass the protected record to another entity. Regardless of the opening entity, a key would have to be requested from the LDP Server 220 key server. The request for this key (for the particular message sent) means that the “private” key “envelope” was opened and the location sequence number (a random number allocated by the LDP Server 220 to identify the location record) read by the entity. The LDP Server 220 would then deliver a “secret” key and the subscriber's location under the same “private” key repeating the location sequence number to allow reading of the location record. In this manner subscriber privacy is enforced, gateways can redistribute location records without reading and recording the data, and receipt of the record by the final entity is non-reputable.
  • Overlay Network-based Location Enhancement via LDP Data Channel
  • To perform an enhanced network-based location, the LDP Client Device 110 may be configured to receive broadcast acquisition data, register on the system (if required) and request data service from the wireless network. The data connection is routed by the data network to the LDP Server 220. Upon connection with the LDP Server 220, the LDP Client Device 110 then immediately transmits its ID (examples include: MIN/ESN/TMSI/TruePosition), its channel information (examples include: Channel, CC, etc); its neighbor (for instance, the mobile-assisted-handoff (AHO) list (containing the target network station, target channel, target time offset, power offset, etc.); any encryption bit-string given to the LDP Client Device 110 by the network, and a semi random-but-known pattern to send over the existing data path. This semi-random sequence is retransmitted on a (n) second repeat period (the (n) second repeat can be matched to the availability of the MAHO list) until commanded to stop either by internal counters/timers or by the LDP Server 220.
  • The LDP Server 220 selects the network receiver stations based on the received channels and receiver stations available in the neighbor (MAHO) list (if any) or from internal tables of stations locations. The network-based wireless location then performs a location up to the threshold of accuracy required by the quality of service demanded.
  • The LDP Server 220 can use the established duplex data path with the LDP Client Device 110 to update the LDP timers, ID, programming, or other characteristics. The LDP Server 220 can then command the LDP Client Device 110 based on location, CellID, mode, band, or RF protocol. The cellular system signaling, voice, and/or data encryption is irrelevant to this application since that data can be delivered in the data path to the WLS for use.
  • LDP Location with Only a Network-Based Wireless Location System
  • An LDP Client Device 110 not equipped with a device-based location determination engine can report its position in a non-network-based WLS environment to a LDP Server 220 equipped with an SMSC. At the highest level, the LDP Client Device 110 can report the System ID (SID or PLMN) number or Private System ID (PSID) so the WLS can make the determination that the LPD is in (or out) of a WLS equipped system. The neighbor (MAHO) list transmitted as a series of SMS messages on the control channel could give rough location in a friendly carrier network that has not yet been equipped with a WLS. Reverse SMS allows for the WLS to reprogram any aspect of the LDP. If the LDP Client Device 110 is in a network-based WLS equipped area, the LDP Client Device 110 can then offer higher levels of accuracy using the network-based WLS.
  • Automatic Transmitter Location via LDP with Network Database
  • If the LDP Client Device 110 radio communications subsystem is designed for multi-frequency, multi-mode operation or if the LDP Client Device 110 is provided with connection to external receivers or sensors, the LDP Client Device 110 becomes a location-enabled telemetry device. In a particular application, the LDP Client Device 110 uses the radio communications subsystem or external receiver to locate radio broadcasts. Reception of such broadcasts, identified by the transmission band or information available from the broadcast, triggers the LDP Client Device 110 to establish a data connection to the LDP Server 220, perform a device-based location or begin a location-enhanced transmission for use by the LDP Server 220 or other network-based server.
  • One exemplary use of this LDP Client Device 110 variant is as a networked radar detector for automobiles or as a WiFi hotspot locator. In either case, the LDP Server 220 would record the network information and location for delivery to external location-enabled applications.
  • Use of Externally Derived Precision Timing for Scheduling Communications
  • Battery life may be a key enabler for at least some applications of autonomous location specific devices. In addition, the effort associated with periodically charging or replacing batteries in a location specific device is anticipated to be a significant cost driver. A device is considered to have 3 states: active, idle, sleep.
      • Active=in communication with the network
      • Idle=in a state capable of entering the active state
      • Sleep=a low power state
  • The power consumption in the active state is driven by the efficiency of digital and RF electronics. Both of these technologies are considered mature and their power consumption is considered to be already optimized. The power consumption in the sleep mode is driven by the amount of circuitry active during the sleep state. Less circuitry means less power consumption. One method of minimizing power consumption is to minimize the amount of time spent in the idle state. During the idle state, the device must periodically listen to the network for commands (paging) and if received enter the active state. In a standard mobile station (MS), the amount of time spent in the idle state is minimized by restricting the when the paging commands can occur for any particular mobile station.
  • This aspect of the invention utilizes an absolute external time reference (GPS, A-GPS, or information broadcast over a cellular network) to precisely calibrate the location specific client device's internal time reference. An internal temperature sensing device would enable the device to temperature compensate its own reference. The GPS or A-GPS receiver can be part of the location determination engine of the LDP Client Device 110 used for device-based location estimation.
  • Given that the location specific device has a precise time reference, the network can schedule the device to enter the idle mode at a precise time thereby maximizing the amount of time spent in the lowest power state. This method will also minimize unsuccessful attempts to communicate with a device in sleep mode thereby minimizing load on the communication network.
  • Speed, Times, Altitude, Area Service
  • The LDP Client Device functionality may be incorporated into other electronic devices. As such, the LDP, a location-aware device with radio communications to an external server with a database of service parameters and rules for use, can be used to grant, limit or deny service on the basis of not only location within a service area, but also on the basis of time, velocity, or altitude for a variety of electronic devices such as cell phones, PDAs, radar detectors, or other interactive systems. Time includes both time-of-day and also periods of time so duration of a service can be limited.
  • Intelligent Mobile Proximity
  • The LDP Client Device 110 may be paired with another LDP Client to provide intelligent proximity services where the granting, limiting, or denial of services can be based on the proximity of the LDP pair. For instance, in an anti-theft application, an LDP Client Device 110 could be incorporated into an automobile while other LDPs would be incorporated into the car radio, navigation system, etc. By registering the set of LDP Clients as paired in the LDP Server 220, and setting triggering conditions for location determination based on activation or removal, an anti-theft system is created. In the case of unauthorized removal, the LDP Client Device 110 in the removed device could either deny service or allow service while providing location of the stolen device incorporating the LDP Client.
  • F. Location Techniques: Network-Based, Device-Based and Hybrid
  • Each wireless (radio) location system comprises a transmitter and receiver. The transmitter creates the signal of interest [s(t)], which is collected and measured by the receiver. The measurement of the signal of interest may take place at either the wireless device or the network station. The transmitter or the receiver can be in motion during the signal measurement interval. Both may be in motion if the movements of either (or both) can be precisely defined a priori.
  • Network-Based Location Techniques
  • When the measurement takes place at the network (a geographically distributed set of one or more receivers or transceivers), the location system is known as network-based. Network-based wireless location systems can use TOA, TDOA, AOA, POA, and PDOA measurements, often hybridized with two or more independent measurements being included in the final location calculation. The networked receivers or transceivers are known by different names, including Base Stations (cellular), Access Points (Wireless Local Access Networks), Readers (RFID), Masters (Bluetooth) or Sensors (UWB).
  • Since, in a network-based system, the signal being measured originates at the mobile device, network-based systems receive and measure the signal's time of arrival, angle of arrival, or signal strength. Sources of location error in a network-based location system include: network station topology, signal path loss, signal multipath, co-channel signal interference and terrain topography.
  • Network station topology can be unsuitable for a network-based location technique with sites in a line (along a roadway) or sites with few neighbors.
  • Signal path loss can be compensated for by longer sampling periods or using a higher transmit power. Some radio environments (wide area, multiple access spread spectrum systems such as IS-95 CDMA and 3GPP UMTS) have a hear-ability issue due to the lower transmit powers allowed.
  • Multipath signals, caused by constructive and destructive interference of reflected, non-line-of-sight signal paths will also affect location accuracy and yield of a network-based system, with dense urban environments being especially problematic. Multipath may be compensated for by use of multiple, separated receive antennas for signal collection and post-collection processing of the multiple received signals to remove time and frequency errors from the collected signals before location calculation.
  • Co-channel signal interference in a multiple access radio environment can be minimized by monitoring of device specific features (example: color-code) or by digital common mode filtering and correlation between pairs of collected signals to remove spurious signal components.
  • Network-based—TOA
  • A Network-based Time-of-Arrival system relies on a signal of interest being broadcast from the device and received by the network station. Variants of Network-based TOA include those summarized below.
  • Single Station TOA
  • A range measurement can be estimated from the round-trip time of a polling signal passed between and then returned between transceivers. In effect this range measurement is based on the TOA of the returned signal. Combining the range estimate with the known location of the network node provides a location estimate and error estimate. Single station TOA is useful in hybrid systems where additional location information such as angle-of-arrival or power-of-arrival is available.
  • An example of the commercial application of the single station TOA technique is found in the CGI+TA location method described in ETSI Technical Standards for GSM: 03.71, and in Location Services (LCS); Functional description; Stage 2 23.171 by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
  • Synchronous Network TOA
  • Network-based TOA location in a synchronous network uses the absolute time of arrival of a radio broadcast at multiple receiver sites. Since signals travel with a known velocity, the distance can be calculated from the times of arrival at the receivers. Time-of-arrival data collected at two receivers will narrow a position to two points, and TOA data from a receiver is required to resolve the precise position. Synchronization of the network base stations is important. Inaccuracy in the timing synchronization translates directly to location estimation error. Other static sources of error that may be calibrated out include antenna and cabling latencies at the network receiver.
  • A possible future implementation of Synchronous Network TOA, when super-high accuracy (atomic) clocks or GPS-type radio time references achieve affordability and portability, is for the transmitter and receivers to be locked to a common time standard. When both transmitters and receivers have timing in common, the time-of-flight can be calculated directly and the range determined from the time-of-flight and speed of light.
  • Asynchronous Network TOA
  • Network-based TOA location in an asynchronous network uses the relative time of arrival of a radio broadcast at the network-based receivers. This technique requires that the distance between individual receiver sites and any differences in individual receiver timing be known. The signal time-of-arrival can then be normalized at for receiver site, leaving only the a time-of-flight between the device and each receiver. Since radio signals travel with a known velocity, the distance can be calculated from derived, normalized time-of-arrivals at the receivers. Time-of-arrival data collected from three of more receivers will be used to resolve the precise position.
  • Network-based TDOA
  • In a network-based (uplink) time-difference-of-arrival wireless location system, the transmitted signal of interest is collected, processed, and time-stamped with great precision at multiple network receiver/transceiver stations. The location of each network station, and thus the distance between stations, is known precisely. The network receiver stations time stamping requires either highly synchronized with highly stable clocks or that the difference in timing between receiver station is known.
  • A measured time difference between the collected signals from any pair of receiver stations can be represented by a hyperbolic line of position. The position of the receiver can be determined as being somewhere on the hyperbolic curve where the time difference between the received signals is constant. By iterating the determination of the hyperbolic line of position between every pair of receiver stations and calculating the point of intersection between the hyperbolic curves, a location estimation can be determined.
  • Network-based AoA
  • The AOA method uses multiple antennas or multi-element antennae at two or more receiver sites to determine the location of a transmitter by determining the incident angle of an arriving radio signal at each receiver site. Originally described as providing location in an outdoor cellular environment, see U.S. Pat. No. 4,728,959, “Direction Finding Localization,” the AoA technique can also be used in an indoor environment using Ultrawideband (UWB) or WiFi (IEEE802.11) radio technologies.
  • Network-based POA
  • Power of arrival is a proximity measurement used between a single network node and wireless device. If the system consists of transceivers, with both a forward and reverse radio channel available between the device and network node, the wireless device may be commanded to use a certain power for transmission, otherwise the power of the device transmitter should be known a priori. Since the power of a radio signal decreases with range (from attenuation of radio waves by the atmosphere and the combined effects of free space loss, plane earth loss, and diffraction losses), an estimate of the range can be determined from the received signal. In simplest terms, as the distance between transmitter and receiver increases, the radiated radio energy is modeled as if spread over the surface of a sphere. This spherical model means that the radio power at the receiver is decreased by the square of the distance. This simple POA model can be refined by use of more sophisticated propagation models and use of calibration via test transmissions at likely transmission sites.
  • Network-based POA multipath
  • This power-of-arrival location technology uses features of the physical environment to locate wireless devices. A radio transmission is reflected and absorbed by objects not on the direct line-of-sight on the way to the receiver (either a network antenna or device antenna), causing multipath interference. At the receiver, the sum of the multiple, time delayed, attenuated copies of the transmission arrive for collection.
  • The POA multipath fingerprinting technique uses the amplitude of the multipath degraded signal to characterize the received signals for comparison against a database of amplitude patterns known to be received from certain calibration locations.
  • To employ multipath fingerprinting, an operator calibrates the radio network (using test transmissions performed in a grid pattern over the service area) to build the database of amplitude pattern fingerprints for later comparison. Periodic recalibration is required to update the database to compensate for changes in the radio environment caused by seasonal changes and the effects of construction or clearances in the calibrated area.
  • Network-based PDOA
  • Power-difference-of-arrival requires a one-to-many arrangement with either multiple sensors and a single transmitter or multiple transmitters and a single sensor. PDOA techniques require that the transmitter power and sensor locations be known a priori so that power measurements at the measurement sensors may be calibrated for local (to the antenna and sensor) amplification or attenuation.
  • Network-based Hybrids
  • Network-based systems can be deployed as hybrid systems using a mix of solely network-based or one of network-based and device-based location technologies.
  • Device-Based Location Techniques
  • The device-based receivers or transceivers are known by different names: Mobile Stations (cellular), Access Points (Wireless Local Access Networks), transponders (RFID), Slaves (Bluetooth), or Tags (UWB). Since, in a device-based system, the signal being measured originates at the network, device-based systems receive and measure the signal's time of arrival or signal strength. Calculation of the device location may be performed at the device or measured signal characteristics may be transmitted to a server for additional processing.
  • Device-Based TOA
  • Device-based TOA location in a synchronous network uses the absolute time of arrival of multiple radio broadcasts at the mobile receiver. Since signals travel with a known velocity, the distance can be calculated from the times of arrival either at the receiver or communicated back to the network and calculated at the server. Time of arrival data from two transmitters will narrow a position to two points, and data from a third transmitter is required to resolve the precise position. Synchronization of the network base stations is important. Inaccuracy in the timing synchronization translates directly to location estimation error. Other static sources of error that may be calibrated out include antenna and cabling latencies at the network transmitter.
  • A possible future implementation of device-based Synchronous Network TOA, when super-high accuracy (atomic) clocks or GPS-type radio time references achieve affordability and portability, is for the network transmitter and receivers to both be locked to a common time standard. When both transmitters and receivers have timing in common, the time-of-flight can be calculated directly and the range determined from the time-of-flight and speed of light.
  • Device-based TDOA
  • Device-based TDOA is based at collected signals at the mobile device from geographically distributed network transmitters. Unless the transmitters also provide (directly or via broadcast) their locations or the transmitter locations are maintained in the device memory, the device cannot perform the TDOA location estimation directly, but must upload the collected signal related information to a landside server.
  • The network transmitters stations signal broadcasting requires either transmitter synchronization with highly stable clocks or that the difference in timing between transmitter stations is known to the location determination engine located either on the wireless device or the landside server.
  • Commercial location systems using device-based TDOA include the Advanced Forward Link Trilateration (AFLT) and Enhanced Forward Link Trilateration (EFLT) (both standardized in ANSI standard IS-801) systems used as a medium accuracy fallback location method in CDMA (ANSI standard IS-95, IS-2000) networks.
  • Device-based Observed Time Difference
  • The device-based Observed Time Difference location technique measuring the time at which signals from the three or more network transmitters arrive at two geographically dispersed locations. These locations can be a population of wireless handsets or a fixed location within the network. The location of the network transmitters must be known a priori to the server performing the location calculation. The position of the handset is determined by comparing the time differences between the two sets of timing measurements.
  • Examples of this technique include the GSM Enhanced Observed Time Difference (E-OTD) system (ETSI GSM standard 03.71) and the UMTS Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA) system. Both EOTD and OTDOA can be combined with network TOA or POA measurements for generation of a more accurate location estimate.
  • Device-based TDOA—GPS
  • The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based TDOA system that enables receivers on the Earth to calculate accurate location information. The system uses a total of 24 active satellites with highly accurate atomic clocks placed in six different but equally spaced orbital planes. Each orbital plane has four satellites spaced equidistantly to maximize visibility from the surface of the earth. A typical GPS receiver user will have between five and eight satellites in view at any time. With four satellites visible, sufficient timing information is available to be able to calculate the position on Earth.
  • Each GPS satellite transmits data that includes information about its location and the current time. All GPS satellites synchronize operations so that these repeating signals are transmitted at effectively the same instant. The signals, moving at the speed of light, arrive at a GPS receiver at slightly different times because some satellites are further away than others. The distance to the GPS satellites can be determined by calculating the time it takes for the signals from the satellites to reach the receiver. When the receiver is able to calculate the distance from at least four GPS satellites, it is possible to determine the position of the GPS receiver in three dimensions.
  • The satellite transmits a variety of information. Some of the chief elements are known as ephemeris and almanac data. The ephemeris data is information that enables the precise orbit of the satellite to be calculated. The almanac data gives the approximate position of all the satellites in the constellation and from this the GPS receiver is able to discover which satellites are in view. x ⁡ ( t ) = ∑ i ⁢ a i ⁢ D i ⁡ ( t ) ⁢ CA i ⁡ ( t , t i 0 ) ⁢ sin ⁡ ( 2 ⁢ π ⁢   ⁢ f i + ϕ i )
      • where:
      • i: satellite number
      • ai: carrier amplitude
      • Di: Satellite navigation data bits (data rate 50 Hz)
      • CAi: C/A code (chipping rate 1.023 MHz)
      • t: time
      • ti0: C/A code initial phase
      • fi: carrier frequency
      • φi: carrier phase
      • n: noise
      • w: interference
  • Device-based Hybrid TDOA—A-GPS
  • Due to the long satellite acquisition time and poor location yield when a direct line-of-sight with the GPS satellites cannot be obtained, Assisted-GPS was disclosed by Taylor (see U.S. Pat. No. 4,445,118, “Navigation system and method”).
  • Wireless Technologies for Location
  • Broadcast Location Systems
  • Location systems using dedicated spectrum and comprising geographically dispersed receiver networks and a wireless transmitter ‘tag’ can be used with the present invention as can systems supplying timing signals via geographically dispersed networks of transmitting beacons with the LDP Client Device 110 acting as a receiver or transceiver unit. The LDP Client Device 110 is well suited to be either the transmitter tag or receiver unit for such a wireless system and may use such networks dependent on service area, accessibility and pricing of the location service. In the case of a location network operating in a dedicated spectral band, the LDP Client Device 100 could use its ability to utilize other radio communications networks to converse with the LDP Server 220 and landside location applications. Examples of these broadcast location system include the Lo-jack vehicle recovery system, the LORAN system, and the Rosum HDTV transmitter-based, E-OTD-like system.
  • Cellular
  • Wireless (Cellular) systems based on AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, GSM, GPRS, and UMTS all support the data communications link required for the present invention. Cellular location systems and devices for enhancing cellular location techniques have been taught in detail in TruePosition's United States patents. These patents cover various location approaches, including but not limited to AoA, AoA hybrids, TDOA, TDOA hybrids including TDOA/FDOA, A-GPS, hybrid A-GPS. Many of the described technologies are now in commercial service.
  • Local and Wide Area Networks
  • These wireless systems were all designed as purely digital data communications systems rather than voice-centric systems with data capabilities added on as a secondary purpose. Considerable overlap in radio technologies, signal processing techniques, and data stream formats has resulted from the cross pollination of the various standards groups involved. The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Project for Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and the Multimedia Mobile Access Communication Systems (MMAC) in Japan (Working Qroup High Speed Wireless Access Networks) have all acted to harmonize the various systems developed.
  • In general, WLAN systems that use unlicensed spectrum operate without the ability to handoff to other access points. Lack of coordination between access points will limit location techniques to single-station techniques such as POA and TOA (round-trip-delay).
  • IEEE 802.11—WiFi
  • WiFi is standardized as IEEE 802.11. Variants currently include 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11 g, and 802.11n. Designed as a short range, wireless local-are-network using unlicensed spectrum, WiFi system are well suited for the various proximity location techniques. Power is limited to comply with FCC Part 15 (Title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations transmission rules, Part 15, subsection 245).
  • Part 15.245 of the FCC rules describes the maximum effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) that a license-free system can emit and be certified. This rule is meant for those who intend to submit a system for certification under this part. It states that a certified system can have a maximum of 1 watt (+36 dBm) of transmit power into an omni-directional antenna that has 6 dBi gain. This results in an EIRP of: +30 dBm +6 dBi =+36 dBm (4 watts). If a higher gain omni-directional antenna is being certified, then the transmit power into that antenna must reduced so that the EIRP of that system does not exceed +36 dBm EIRP. Thus, for a 12 dBi omni antenna, the maximum certifiable power is +24 dBm (250 mW (+24 dBm +12 dBi =36 dBm). For directional antennas used on point-to-point systems, the EIRP can increase by 1 dB for every 3 dB increase in gain of the antenna. For a 24 dBi dish antenna, it works out that +24 dBm of transmit power can be fed into this high gain antenna. This results in an EIRP of: +24 dBm +24 dBi =48 dBm (64 Watts).
  • IEEE 802.11 proximity location methods can be either network-based or device-based.
  • HiperLAN
  • HiperLAN is short for High Performance Radio Local Area Networks. Developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), HiperLAN is a set of WLAN communication standards used chiefly in European countries.
  • HiperLAN is a comparatively short-range variant of a broadband radio access network and was designed to be a complementary access mechanism for public UMTS (3GPP cellular) networks and for private use as a wireless LAN type systems. HiperLAN offers high speed (up to 54 Mb/s) wireless access to a variety of digital packet networks.
  • IEEE 802.16—WiMAN, WiMAX
  • IEEE 802.16 is working group number 16 of IEEE 802, specializing in point-to-multipoint broadband wireless access.
  • IEEE 802.15.4—Zig3ee
  • IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee is intended as a specification for low-powered networks for such uses as wireless monitoring and control of lights, security alarms, motion sensors, thermostats and smoke detectors. 802.15.4/ZigBee is built on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard that specifies the MAC and PHY layers. The “ZigBee” comes from higher-layer enhancements in development by a multi-vendor consortium called the Zigbee Alliance. For example, 802.15.4 specifies 128-bit AES encryption, while ZigBee specifies but how to handle encryption key exchange. 802.15.4/ZigBee networks are slated to run in the unlicensed frequencies, including the 2.4-GHz band in the U.S.
  • Ultra Wideband (UWB)
  • Part 15.503 of FCC rules provides definitions and limitations for UWB operation. Ultrawideband is a modem embodiment of the oldest technique for modulating a radio signal (the Marconi Spark-Gap Transmitter). Pulse code modulation is used to encode data on a wide-band spread spectrum signal.
  • Ultra Wideband systems transmit signals across a much wider frequency than conventional radio communications systems and are usually very difficult to detect. The amount of spectrum occupied by a UWB signal, i.e., the bandwidth of the UWB signal, is at least 25% of the center frequency. Thus, a UWB signal centered at 2 GHz would have a minimum bandwidth of 500 MHz and the minimum bandwidth of a UWB signal centered at 4 GHz would be 1 GHz. The most common technique for generating a UWB signal is to transmit pulses with durations less than 1 nanosecond.
  • Using a very wideband signal to transmit binary information, the UWB technique is useful for a location either be proximity (via POA), AoA, TDOA or hybrids of these techniques. Theoretically, the accuracy of the TDOA estimation is limited by several practical factors such as integration time, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at each receive site, as well as the bandwidth of the transmitted signal. The Cramer-Rao bound illustrates this dependence. It can be approximated as: TDOA rms = 1 2 ⁢ π ⁢   ⁢ f rms ⁢ 2 ⁢ SbT
    where frms is the rms bandwidth of the signal, b is the noise equivalent bandwidth of the receiver, T is the integration time and S is the smaller SNR of the two sites. The TDOA equation represents a lower bound. In practice, the system should deal with interference and multipath, both of which tend to limit the effective SNR. UWB radio technology is highly immune to the effects of multipath interference since the signal bandwidth of a UWB signal is similar to the coherence bandwidth of the multipath channel allowing the different multipath components to be resolved by the receiver.
  • possible proxy for power of arrival in UWB is use of the signal bit rate. Since signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) fall with increasing power, after a certain point faster than the power rating increases, a falling s/n ratio means, in effect, greater informational entropy and a move away from the Shannon capacity, and hence less throughput. Since the power of the UWB signal decreases with range (from attenuation of radio waves by the atmosphere and the combined effects of free space loss, plane earth loss, and diffraction losses), the maximum possible bit rate will fall with increasing range. While of limited usage for a range estimate, the bit rate (or bit error rate) could serve as an indication of the approach or departure of the wireless device.
  • In simplest terms, as the distance between transmitter and receiver increases, the radiated radio energy is modeled as if spread over the surface of a sphere. This spherical model means that the radio power at the receiver is decreased by the square of the distance. This simple model can be refined by use of more sophisticated propagation models and use of calibration via test transmissions at likely transmission sites.
  • Bluetooth
  • Bluetooth was originally conceived as a Wireless Personal Area Network(W-PAN or just PAN). The term PAN is used interchangeably with the official term “Bluetooth Piconet”. Bluetooth was designed for very low transmission power and has a usable range of under 10 meters without specialized, directional antenna. High-powered Bluetooth devices or use of specialized directional antenna can enable ranges up to 100 meters. Considering the design philosophies (the PAN and/or cable replacement) behind Bluetooth, even the 10 m range is adequate for the original purposes behind Bluetooth. A future version of the Bluetooth specification may allow longer ranges in competition with the IEEE802.11 WiFi WLAN networks.
  • Use of Bluetooth for location purposes is limited to proximity (when the location of the Bluetooth master station is known) although single station Angle-of-Arrival location or AoA hybrids are possible when directional antenna are used to increase range or capacity.
  • Speed and direction of travel estimation can be obtained when the slave device moves between piconets. Bluetooth piconets are designed to be dynamic and constantly changing so a device moving out of range of one master and into the range of another can establish a new link in a short period of time (typically between 1-5 seconds). As the slave device moves between at least two masters, a directional vector may be developed from the known positions of the masters. If links between three or more masters are created (in series), an estimate of the direction and speed of the device can be calculated.
  • A Bluetooth network can provide the data link necessary for the present invention. The LDP Client Device 110 to LDP Server 220 data could also be established over a W-LAN or cellular data network.
  • RFID
  • Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an automatic identification and proximity location method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. An RFID tag is an encapsulated radio transmitter or transceiver. RFID tags contain antennas to enable them to receive and respond to radio-frequency queries from an RFID Reader (a radio transceiver) and then respond with a radio-frequency response that includes the contents of the tags solid state memory.
  • Passive RFID tags require no internal power source and use power supplied by inductively coupling the reader with the coil antenna in the tag or by backscatter coupling between the reader and the dipole antenna of the tag. Active RFID tags require a power source.
  • RFID wireless location is based on the Power-of-Arrival method since the tag transmits a signal of interest only when in proximity with the RFID Reader. Since the tag is only active when scanned by a reader, the known location of the reader determines the location of the tagged item. RFID can be used to enable location-based services based on proximity (location and time of location). RFID yields no ancillary speed or direction of travel information.
  • The RFID reader, even if equipped with sufficient wired or wireless backhaul is unlikely to provide sufficient data link bandwidth necessary for the present invention. In a more likely implementation, the RFID reader would provide a location indication while the LDP-to-LDP Server 220 data connection could also be established over a WLAN or cellular data network.
  • Near Field Communications
  • A variant of the passive RFID system, Near Field Communications (NFC) operates in the 13.56 MHz RFID frequency range. Proximity location is enabled, with the range of the NFC transmitter less than 8 inches. The NFC technology is standardized in ISO 18092, ISO 21481, ECMA (340, 352 and 356), and ETSI TS 102 190.
  • G. Citations to WLS-related Patents
  • TruePosition, Inc., the assignee of the present invention, and its wholly owned subsidiary, KSI, Inc., have been inventing in the field of wireless location for many years, and have procured a portfolio of related patents, some of which are cited above. Therefore, the following patents may be consulted for further information and background concerning inventions and improvements in the field of wireless location:
      • 1. U.S. Pat. No. 6,876,859 B2, Apr. 5, 2005, Method for Estimating TDOA and FDOA in a Wireless Location System;
      • 2. U.S. Pat. No. 6,873,290 B2, Mar. 29, 2005, Multiple Pass Location Processor;
      • 3. U.S. Pat. No. 6,782,264 B2, Aug. 24, 2004, Monitoring of Call Information in a Wireless Location System;
      • 4. U.S. Pat. No. 6,771,625 B1, Aug. 3, 2004, Pseudolite-Augmented GPS for Locating Wireless Phones;
      • 5. U.S. Pat. No. 6,765,531 B2, Jul. 20, 2004, System and Method for Interference Cancellation in a Location Calculation, for Use in a Wireless Locations System;
      • 6. U.S. Pat. No. 6,661,379 B2, Dec. 9, 2003, Antenna Selection Method for a Wireless Location System;
      • 7. U.S. Pat. No. 6,646,604 B2, Nov. 11, 2003, Automatic Synchronous Tuning of Narrowband Receivers of a Wireless System for Voice/Traffic Channel Tracking;
      • 8. U.S. Pat. No. 6,603,428 B2, Aug. 5, 2003, Multiple Pass Location Processing;
      • 9. U.S. Pat. No. 6,563,460 B2, May 13, 2003, Collision Recovery in a Wireless Location System;
      • 10. U.S. Pat. No. 6,546,256 B1, Apr. 8, 2003, Robust, Efficient, Location-Related Measurement;
      • 11. U.S. Pat. No. 6,519,465 B2, Feb. 11, 2003, Modified Transmission Method for Improving Accuracy for E-911 Calls;
      • 12. U.S. Pat. No. 6,492,944 B1, Dec. 10, 2002, Internal Calibration Method for a Receiver System of a Wireless Location System;
      • 13. U.S. Pat. No. 6,483,460 B2, Nov. 19, 2002, Baseline Selection Method for Use in a Wireless Location System;
      • 14. U.S. Pat. No. 6,463,290 B1, Oct. 8, 2002, Mobile-Assisted Network Based Techniques for Improving Accuracy of Wireless Location System;
      • 15. U.S. Pat. No. 6,400,320, Jun. 4, 2002, Antenna Selection Method For A Wireless Location System;
      • 16. U.S. Pat. No. 6,388,618, May 14, 2002, Signal Collection on System For A Wireless Location System;
      • 17. U.S. Pat. No. 6,366,241, Apr. 2, 2002, Enhanced Determination Of Position-Dependent Signal Characteristics;
      • 18. U.S. Pat. No. 6,351,235, Feb. 26, 2002, Method And System For Synchronizing Receiver Systems Of A Wireless Location System;
      • 19. U.S. Pat. No. 6,317,081, Nov. 13, 2001, Internal Calibration Method For Receiver System Of A Wireless Location System;
      • 20. U.S. Pat. No. 6,285,321, Sep. 4, 2001, Station Based Processing Method For A Wireless Location System;
      • 21. U.S. Pat. No. 6,334,059, Dec. 25, 2001, Modified Transmission Method For Improving Accuracy For E-911 Calls;
      • 22. U.S. Pat. No. 6,317,604, Nov. 13, 2001, Centralized Database System For A Wireless Location System;
      • 23. U.S. Pat. No. 6,288,676, Sep. 11, 2001, Apparatus And Method For Single Station Communications Localization;
      • 24. U.S. Pat. No. 6,288,675, Sep. 11, 2001, Single Station Communications Localization System;
      • 25. U.S. Pat. No. 6,281,834, Aug. 28, 2001, Calibration For Wireless Location System;
      • 26. U.S. Pat. No. 6,266,013, Jul. 24, 2001, Architecture For A Signal Collection System Of A Wireless Location System;
      • 27. U.S. Pat. No. 6,184,829, Feb. 6, 2001, Calibration For Wireless Location System;
      • 28. U.S. Pat. No. 6,172,644, Jan. 9, 2001, Emergency Location Method For A Wireless Location System;
      • 29. U.S. Pat. No. 6,115,599, Sep. 5, 2000, Directed Retry Method For Use In A Wireless Location System;
      • 30. U.S. Pat. No. 6,097,336, Aug. 1, 2000, Method For Improving The Accuracy Of A Wireless Location System;
      • 31. U.S. Pat. No. 6,091,362, Jul. 18, 2000, Bandwidth Synthesis For Wireless Location System;
      • 32. U.S. Pat. No. 6,047,192, Apr. 4, 2000, Robust, Efficient, Localization System;
      • 33. U.S. Pat. No. 6,108,555, Aug. 22, 2000, Enhanced Time Difference Localization System;
      • 34. U.S. Pat. No. 6,101,178, Aug. 8, 2000, Pseudolite-Augmented GPS For Locating Wireless Telephones;
      • 35. U.S. Pat. No. 6,119,013, Sep. 12, 2000, Enhanced Time-Difference Localization System;
      • 36. U.S. Pat. No. 6,127,975, Oct. 3, 2000, Single Station Communications Localization System;
      • 37. U.S. Pat. No. 5,959,580, Sep. 28, 1999, Communications Localization System;
      • 38. U.S. Pat. No. 5,608,410, Mar. 4, 1997, System For Locating A Source Of Bursty Transmissions;
      • 39. U.S. Pat. No. 5,327,144, Jul. 5, 1994, Cellular Telephone Location System; and
      • 40. U.S. Pat. No. 4,728,959, Mar. 1, 1988, Direction Finding Localization System.
    H. CONCLUSION
  • The true scope the present invention is not limited to the illustrative embodiments disclosed herein. For example, the foregoing disclosure of a Wireless Location System (WLS) uses explanatory terms, such as wireless device, mobile station, client, network station, and the like, which should not be construed so as to limit the scope of protection of this application, or to otherwise imply that the inventive aspects of the WLS are limited to the particular methods and apparatus disclosed. In many cases, the place of implementation (i.e., the functional element) described herein is merely a designer's preference and not a hard requirement. Accordingly, except as they may be expressly so limited, the scope of protection is not intended to be limited to the specific embodiments described above.

Claims (39)

1. A location device platform (LDP) client device, comprising a wireless communications subsystem, a processor and a computer readable storage medium, said LDP client device being configured to communicate with a gaming server for providing government-regulated gaming services to said client device.
2. An LDP client device as recited in claim 1, wherein said wireless communications subsystem comprises a radio receiver and a radio transmitter.
3. An LDP client device as recited in claim 1, further comprising a location determination subsystem for determining the location of the LDP client device.
4. An LDP client device as recited in claim 1, wherein said processor and computer readable storage medium are configured such that said LDP client device is primarily limited to use as a gaming device.
5. An LDP client device as recited in claim 1, wherein said wireless communications subsystem comprises a radio receiver and a radio transmitter; further comprising a location determination subsystem for determining the location of the LDP client device; and wherein said processor and computer readable storage medium are configured such that said LDP client device is primarily limited to use as a gaming device.
6. A location device platform (LDP) server, comprising a processor and a computer readable storage medium, said LDP server being configured to communicate with a gaming server and a wireless location system for the purpose of providing government-regulated gaming services to an LDP client device.
7. An LDP server as recited in claim 6, wherein the provision of said gaming services is based on the geographic location of said LDP client device.
8. An LDP server as recited in claim 7, wherein said processor and computer readable storage medium are configured such that said LDP server receives requests from said gaming server and provides information to said gaming server, wherein said information is useful by said gaming server in determining what, if any, gaming services are to be provided to said LDP client device.
9. An LDP server as recited in claim 7, wherein said processor and computer readable storage medium are configured such that said LDP server receives requests from said gaming server and requests location information from said wireless location system.
10. An LDP server as recited in claim 7, wherein said processor and computer readable storage medium are configured such that said LDP server receives requests from said gaming server and provides information to said gaming server, wherein said information is useful by said gaming server in determining the gaming services to be provided to said LDP client device; and wherein said processor and computer readable storage medium are further configured such that said LDP server requests location information from said wireless location system, said location information being related to the geographic location of said LDP client device.
11. A system, comprising:
an LDP client device, comprising a wireless communications subsystem, a processor and a computer readable storage medium;
an LDP server, comprising a processor and a computer readable storage medium;
a wireless location subsystem for determining the location of the LDP client device; and
a gaming server for providing a gaming service to said LDP client device;
wherein said LDP client device is configured to communicate with said gaming server for providing government-regulated gaming services to said client device, and said LDP server is configured to communicate with said gaming server and said wireless location system.
12. A system as recited in claim 11, wherein said LDP client device further comprises a location determination subsystem.
13. A system as recited in claim 11, wherein said processor and computer readable storage medium of said LDP client device are configured such that said LDP client device is primarily limited to use as a gaming device.
14. A system as recited in claim 11, wherein said wireless communications subsystem of said LDP client device comprises a radio receiver and a radio transmitter; and wherein said LDP client device further comprises a location determination subsystem for determining the location of the LDP client device; and wherein said processor and computer readable storage medium are configured such that said LDP client device is primarily limited to use as a gaming device.
15. A system as recited in claim 11, wherein the provision of said gaming services to said LDP client device is based on the geographic location of said LDP client device.
16. A system as recited in claim 11, wherein said processor and computer readable storage medium of said LDP server are configured such that said LDP server receives requests from said gaming server and provides information to said gaming server, wherein said information is useful by said gaming server in determining what, if any, gaming services are to be provided to said LDP client device.
17. A system as recited in claim 11, wherein said processor and computer readable storage medium of said LDP server are configured such that said LDP server receives requests from said gaming server and requests location information from said wireless location system.
18. A system as recited in claim 11, wherein said processor and computer readable storage medium of said LDP server are configured such that said LDP server receives requests from said gaming server and provides information to said gaming server, wherein said information is useful by said gaming server in determining the gaming services to be provided to said LDP client device; and wherein said processor and computer readable storage medium of said LDP server are further configured such that said LDP server requests location information from said wireless location system, said location information being related to the geographic location of said LDP client device.
19. A system as recited in claim 11, wherein said gaming server and LDP server are implemented on separate computers.
20. A system as recited in claim 11, wherein said gaming server and LDP server are implemented on a common computer.
21. A system as recited in claim 11, wherein the location of said LDP client device is determined by a network-based location technique.
22. A system as recited in claim 11, wherein the location of said LDP client device is determined by a device-based location technique.
23. A system as recited in claim 11, wherein the location of said LDP client device is determined by a hybrid network/device-based location technique.
24. A system as recited in claim 11, wherein said LDP server is configured to select the technique by which the location of the LDP client device is determined.
25. A system as recited in claim 24, wherein the selection of the technique by which the location of the LDP client device is determined is based on required accuracy.
26. A system as recited in claim 24, wherein the selection of the technique by which the location of the LDP client device is determined is based on cost.
27. A system as recited in claim 11, wherein data communications between said LDP client device and LDP server are carried on a wired communications link.
28. A system as recited in claim 11, wherein data communications between said LDP client device and LDP server are carried on a wireless communications link.
29. A system as recited in claim 11, wherein the location of said LDP client device is obtained via address to caller-ID correlation by the LDP server.
30. A system as recited in claim 11, wherein said LDP server maintains the service areas and rules associated with each service area.
31. A system as recited in claim 30, wherein said service area is defined by a polygon defined by a set of latitude and longitude points.
32. A system as recited in claim 30, wherein said service area is defined by a radius around a central point.
33. A system as recited in claim 30, wherein said service area is defined within the location-aware server based on gaming statutes.
34. A system as recited in claim 11, wherein said LDP server or said gaming server may grant the LDP client device fall access, limited access, or no access to gaming services.
35. A system as recited in claim 34, wherein limited access means that only simulated play is enabled.
36. A system as recited in claim 34, wherein limited access means that multi-player gaming is enabled, but without real money.
37. A system as recited in claim 34, wherein limited access means that a reservation for gaming at a particular time and within a prescribed area is made.
38. A system as recited in claim 34, wherein denial of access allows for directions to where requested gaming is allowed.
39. A system as recited in claim 11, wherein gaming includes a plurality of online gaming and wagering activities.
US11/323,265 2005-12-30 2005-12-30 Device and network enabled geo-fencing for area sensitive gaming enablement Abandoned US20070155489A1 (en)

Priority Applications (15)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/323,265 US20070155489A1 (en) 2005-12-30 2005-12-30 Device and network enabled geo-fencing for area sensitive gaming enablement
US11/533,310 US8150421B2 (en) 2005-12-30 2006-09-19 User plane uplink time difference of arrival (U-TDOA)
US11/534,137 US20090005061A1 (en) 2005-12-30 2006-09-21 Location quality of service indicator
AU2006332524A AU2006332524B2 (en) 2005-12-30 2006-12-28 Device and network enabled geo-fencing for area sensitive gaming enablement
MX2008008601A MX2008008601A (en) 2005-12-30 2006-12-28 Device and network enabled geo-fencing for area sensitive gaming enablement.
GB0812741A GB2452122B (en) 2005-12-30 2006-12-28 Device and network enabled geo-fencing for area sensitive gaming enablement
KR1020087018107A KR20080081345A (en) 2005-12-30 2006-12-28 Device and network enabled geo-fencing for area sensitive gaming enablement
JP2008548856A JP2009522880A (en) 2005-12-30 2006-12-28 Devices and networks that support geo-fencing to enable game play in response to the area
EP06849108A EP1968719A4 (en) 2005-12-30 2006-12-28 Device and network enabled geo-fencing for area sensitive gaming enablement
CN200680053533XA CN101395640B (en) 2005-12-30 2006-12-28 Device and network enabled geo-fencing for area sensitive gaming enablement
BRPI0621166-6A BRPI0621166A2 (en) 2005-12-30 2006-12-28 location device platform (pdl) client device, location device platform (pdl) server, and wireless device location system
PCT/US2006/062682 WO2007079395A2 (en) 2005-12-30 2006-12-28 Device and network enabled geo-fencing for area sensitive gaming enablement
CA002635785A CA2635785A1 (en) 2005-12-30 2006-12-28 Device and network enabled geo-fencing for area sensitive gaming enablement
IL192506A IL192506A (en) 2005-12-30 2008-06-29 Device and network enabled geo-fencing for area sensitive gaming enablement
US12/776,279 US20100222081A1 (en) 2005-12-30 2010-05-07 Location Quality of Service Indicator

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/323,265 US20070155489A1 (en) 2005-12-30 2005-12-30 Device and network enabled geo-fencing for area sensitive gaming enablement

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/533,310 Continuation-In-Part US8150421B2 (en) 2005-12-30 2006-09-19 User plane uplink time difference of arrival (U-TDOA)
US11/534,137 Continuation-In-Part US20090005061A1 (en) 2005-12-30 2006-09-21 Location quality of service indicator

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20070155489A1 true US20070155489A1 (en) 2007-07-05

Family

ID=38225152

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/323,265 Abandoned US20070155489A1 (en) 2005-12-30 2005-12-30 Device and network enabled geo-fencing for area sensitive gaming enablement

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US20070155489A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1968719A4 (en)
JP (1) JP2009522880A (en)
KR (1) KR20080081345A (en)
CN (1) CN101395640B (en)
AU (1) AU2006332524B2 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0621166A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2635785A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2452122B (en)
IL (1) IL192506A (en)
MX (1) MX2008008601A (en)
WO (1) WO2007079395A2 (en)

Cited By (129)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070155401A1 (en) * 2005-12-30 2007-07-05 Trueposition Inc. User plane uplink time difference of arrival (u-tdoa)
US20070170314A1 (en) * 2006-01-26 2007-07-26 Kane Mark E Method and system for locating end of train units
US20070178881A1 (en) * 2006-01-31 2007-08-02 Teunissen Harold W A Remotely controlling access to subscriber data over a wireless network for a mobile device
US20070293239A1 (en) * 2006-05-16 2007-12-20 Andrew Corporation Optimizing location services performance by combining user plane and control plane architectures
US20080070550A1 (en) * 2006-09-20 2008-03-20 Hose David A Providing Subscriber Specific Information Across Wireless Networks
US20080074322A1 (en) * 2006-09-27 2008-03-27 Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. Software defined navigation signal generator
US20080085769A1 (en) * 2006-10-06 2008-04-10 Lutnick Howard W Secondary game
US20080180320A1 (en) * 2007-01-29 2008-07-31 Research In Motion Limited Method of downloading ephemeris data based on user activity
US20080188239A1 (en) * 2007-02-05 2008-08-07 Commscope, Inc. Of North Carolina System and method for generating non-uniform grid points from calibration data
US20080220875A1 (en) * 2007-03-07 2008-09-11 Barry Sohl Multiplayer Platform for Mobile Applications
US20080285505A1 (en) * 2007-05-15 2008-11-20 Andrew Corporation System and method for network timing recovery in communications networks
US20080289033A1 (en) * 2007-05-18 2008-11-20 Hamilton Jeffery A Method and system for GNSS receiver login protection and prevention
US20080288787A1 (en) * 2007-05-18 2008-11-20 Hamilton Jeffrey A Export control for a GNSS receiver
US20080307445A1 (en) * 2007-06-05 2008-12-11 Sukesh Garg Method and apparatus for providing a unified system for interaction with cellular and internet protocol devices
US20090005061A1 (en) * 2005-12-30 2009-01-01 Trueposition, Inc. Location quality of service indicator
US20090003281A1 (en) * 2007-06-30 2009-01-01 Microsoft Corporation Location context service handoff
US20090029774A1 (en) * 2007-07-24 2009-01-29 The Game Truck, Llc Method of entertaining using a mobile entertainment environment
US20090124266A1 (en) * 2007-11-14 2009-05-14 Andrew Corporation Ranging in UMTS networks
US20090131073A1 (en) * 2007-11-15 2009-05-21 Andrew Corporation System and method for locating umts user equipment using measurement reports
US20090163277A1 (en) * 2007-11-13 2009-06-25 Spielo Manufacturing Ulc Wireless wagering system
WO2009085608A1 (en) 2007-12-27 2009-07-09 Trueposition, Inc. Subscriber selective, area-based service control
US20090247285A1 (en) * 2006-06-13 2009-10-01 Gagner Mark B Location detection for portable wagering game machines
US20100020701A1 (en) * 2005-05-17 2010-01-28 John Arpee Method and apparatus for determining coupled path loss
US20100042954A1 (en) * 2008-08-12 2010-02-18 Apple Inc. Motion based input selection
US20100046440A1 (en) * 2008-08-22 2010-02-25 Rajendra Singh Method and system enabling use of white space radio spectrum using an out of band control channel
US20100106774A1 (en) * 2008-10-28 2010-04-29 Andrew Llc System and method for providing location services for multiple access networks from a single location server
US20100123622A1 (en) * 2008-11-17 2010-05-20 Neil Harper System and method for determining the location of a mobile device
US20100127920A1 (en) * 2008-11-24 2010-05-27 Andrew Llc System and method for determining falsified geographic location of a mobile device
US20100127923A1 (en) * 2008-11-24 2010-05-27 Andrew Llc System and method for determining falsified satellite measurements
US20100127928A1 (en) * 2008-11-24 2010-05-27 Andrew Llc System and method for server side detection of falsified satellite measurements
US20100134352A1 (en) * 2008-12-01 2010-06-03 Andrew Llc System and method for protecting against spoofed a-gnss measurement data
US20100156713A1 (en) * 2008-12-23 2010-06-24 Andrew Llc System and method for determining a reference location of a mobile device
US20100234022A1 (en) * 2009-03-16 2010-09-16 Andrew Llc System and method for supl roaming in wimax networks
US20100253548A1 (en) * 2003-07-02 2010-10-07 Invensys Rail Corporation Method and system for automatically locating end of train devices
US20100285813A1 (en) * 2009-05-08 2010-11-11 Andrew Llc System and method for determining a reference location using cell table data mining
US20100289640A1 (en) * 2009-05-15 2010-11-18 Magesh Annamalai Mobile device location determination using micronetworks
US20100291947A1 (en) * 2009-05-15 2010-11-18 Magesh Annamalai Facility for selecting a mobile device location determination technique
US20100311439A1 (en) * 2009-03-16 2010-12-09 Andrew, Llc System and method for supl roaming using a held client
US20100316006A1 (en) * 2009-06-11 2010-12-16 Andrew Llc System and method for supl held interworking
US20100324813A1 (en) * 2009-06-17 2010-12-23 Microsoft Corporation Accuracy assessment for location estimation systems
US20110070892A1 (en) * 2009-09-21 2011-03-24 Andrew Llc System and method for a high throughput gsm location solution
US20110068977A1 (en) * 2009-09-23 2011-03-24 Andrew Llc Enhancing location accuracy using multiple satellite measurements based on environment
US20110092226A1 (en) * 2007-05-21 2011-04-21 Andrew Llc Method and Apparatus to Select an Optimum Site and/or Sector to Provide Geo-Location Data
US20110090122A1 (en) * 2009-10-15 2011-04-21 Andrew Llc Location measurement acquisition adaptive optimization
US20110090121A1 (en) * 2009-10-15 2011-04-21 Andrew Llc Location measurement acquisition optimization with monte carlo simulation
US20110170444A1 (en) * 2008-11-26 2011-07-14 Martin Alles System and method for multiple range estimation location
US20110173230A1 (en) * 2010-01-13 2011-07-14 Andrew Llc Method and system for providing location information of target device
US20110173674A1 (en) * 2010-01-13 2011-07-14 Andrew Llc Method and system for providing location of target device using stateless user information
US20110171912A1 (en) * 2010-01-08 2011-07-14 Andrew, Llc System and Method for Mobile Location By Proximity Detection
US7986266B2 (en) 2009-03-13 2011-07-26 Andrew, Llc Method and system for selecting optimal satellites in view
US8000701B2 (en) 2006-05-16 2011-08-16 Andrew, Llc Correlation mechanism to communicate in a dual-plane architecture
GB2477837A (en) * 2010-02-15 2011-08-17 Avaya Inc Restricting features of a mobile device application based on user presence or device location
US20110200022A1 (en) * 2006-10-20 2011-08-18 Magesh Annamalai System and method for utilizing ip-based wireless telecommunications client location data
US8019339B2 (en) 2006-05-16 2011-09-13 Andrew Llc Using serving area identification in a mixed access network environment
US8160609B2 (en) 2008-11-26 2012-04-17 Andrew Llc System and method for multiple range estimation location
US8170577B2 (en) 2008-08-22 2012-05-01 Telcom Ventures, Llc Method and system enabling use of white space radio spectrum using digital broadcast signals
US8213955B2 (en) 2008-05-01 2012-07-03 Andrew, Llc Network measurement report caching for location of mobile devices
US8239483B2 (en) 2009-03-16 2012-08-07 Andrew, Llc System and method for generic application of location determination for network attached devices
US8331956B2 (en) 2008-10-06 2012-12-11 Andrew Llc System and method of UMTS UE location using uplink dedicated physical control channel and downlink synchronization channel
US8331953B2 (en) 2007-05-01 2012-12-11 Andrew Llc System and method for estimating the location of a mobile device
US8380222B2 (en) 2008-11-26 2013-02-19 Andrew Llc System and method for multiple range estimation location
US8391884B2 (en) 2009-03-26 2013-03-05 Andrew Llc System and method for managing created location contexts in a location server
US20130093596A1 (en) * 2008-02-29 2013-04-18 Research In Motion Limited Notification of access control request and explanation indicative of the access control request on a communication device
US8443202B2 (en) 2009-08-05 2013-05-14 Daon Holdings Limited Methods and systems for authenticating users
US8462769B2 (en) 2009-03-26 2013-06-11 Andrew Llc System and method for managing created location contexts in a location server
US8472974B2 (en) 2010-04-28 2013-06-25 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Location continuity service for locating mobile devices using multiple access networks including wireless telecommunication networks
US8489122B2 (en) 2010-12-09 2013-07-16 Andrew Llc System and method for total flight time ratio pattern matching
US20130225282A1 (en) * 2012-02-28 2013-08-29 Cfph, Llc Gaming through mobile or other devices
US8526968B2 (en) 2011-02-14 2013-09-03 Andrew Llc System and method for mobile location by dynamic clustering
US8638259B2 (en) 2007-12-07 2014-01-28 Maple Acquisition Llc Method and system for providing assistance data for A-GPS location of handsets in wireless networks
US20140074946A1 (en) * 2012-09-12 2014-03-13 Digi International Inc. Embedded communication in message based transports
US8693454B2 (en) 2006-04-13 2014-04-08 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Mobile computing device geographic location determination
US8718673B2 (en) 2010-05-21 2014-05-06 Maple Acquisition Llc System and method for location assurance of a mobile device
US8737311B2 (en) 2006-10-20 2014-05-27 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Two stage mobile device geographic location determination
US20140222298A1 (en) * 2013-02-03 2014-08-07 Michael H. Gurin Systems For a Shared Vehicle
US20140242966A1 (en) * 2008-09-04 2014-08-28 Qualcomm Incorporated System and method of providing mode changes to wireless devices
US8826030B2 (en) 2010-03-22 2014-09-02 Daon Holdings Limited Methods and systems for authenticating users
GB2511277A (en) * 2012-10-30 2014-09-03 Network Resource Man Ltd Improvements to gaming systems
WO2014182580A1 (en) * 2013-05-06 2014-11-13 O'hanlon Kenneth System for handling messages and distributing information
US8897813B2 (en) 2012-02-03 2014-11-25 Andrew Llc LTE user equipment positioning system and method
US8908664B2 (en) 2006-10-20 2014-12-09 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. System and method for determining a subscriber'S zone information
EP2810230A1 (en) * 2012-02-01 2014-12-10 Linq3 Technologies LLC Systems and methods for integrated game play through the use of proximity-based communication on smart phones and hand held devices
CN104285406A (en) * 2012-05-16 2015-01-14 英特尔公司 System for protection and authentication of location services with distributed security
US8958754B2 (en) 2010-09-29 2015-02-17 Andrew, Llc System and method for sub-coherent integration for geo-location using weak or intermittent signals
US8965401B2 (en) 2012-05-01 2015-02-24 Qualcomm Incorporated Concurrent geofences with shared measurements
US8971258B2 (en) 2010-07-31 2015-03-03 Motorola Solutions, Inc. Policy determination for user equipment providng mutual aid in a visited enterprise operating area of a long term evolution system
US9038887B1 (en) 2011-06-28 2015-05-26 O'hanlon Ltd System for responding to QR codes, ShotCodes, MobiTags, 2-dimensional bar codes, 3-dimensional bar codes, and images
CN104756411A (en) * 2012-09-14 2015-07-01 凯萨股份有限公司 Smart connectors and associated communications links
WO2015104199A1 (en) * 2014-01-07 2015-07-16 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Controlling beaconing in a positioning system
US9094927B2 (en) 2010-04-28 2015-07-28 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Location continuity service for locating mobile devices using multiple access networks including wireless telecommunication networks
US20150254928A1 (en) * 2013-11-22 2015-09-10 Gamblit Gaming, Llc Multi-mode multi-jurisdiction skill wagering interleaved system
US9208506B2 (en) 2014-03-17 2015-12-08 Bleachr Llc Geofenced event-based fan networking: methods
US20160011318A1 (en) * 2014-02-26 2016-01-14 Clark Emerson Cohen Performance and Cost Global Navigation Satellite System Architecture
US9319471B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2016-04-19 Perdiemco Llc Object location tracking system based on relative coordinate systems using proximity location information sources
US9414265B2 (en) 2010-07-31 2016-08-09 Motorola Solutions, Inc. Location based policy for user equipment operating in different areas of a shared home long term evolution system
US9423508B2 (en) 2012-01-12 2016-08-23 Commscope Technologies Llc Autonomous Transmit Chain Delay Measurements
US9538495B2 (en) 2009-08-05 2017-01-03 Commscope Technologies Llc System and method for hybrid location in an LTE network
US9591512B2 (en) 2013-12-30 2017-03-07 Motorola Solutions, Inc. Spatial quality of service prioritization algorithm in wireless networks
US9661602B2 (en) 2005-10-21 2017-05-23 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. System and method for determining device location in an IP-based wireless telecommunications network
US9672697B2 (en) 2012-09-04 2017-06-06 Linq3 Technologies Llc Processing of a mobile device game-playing transaction conducted between the mobile device and a bluetooth terminal
US9672687B2 (en) 2012-09-04 2017-06-06 Linq3 Technologies Llc Processing of a mobile device game-playing transaction based on the mobile device location
US9715001B2 (en) 2011-06-13 2017-07-25 Commscope Technologies Llc Mobile location in a remote radio head environment
US9721427B2 (en) 2014-09-23 2017-08-01 Bally Gaming, Inc. System and method for positionally accurate gaming content
US9824340B2 (en) 2012-09-04 2017-11-21 Linq3 Technologies Llc Processing of a user device game-playing transaction based on location
US20170374528A1 (en) * 2009-12-18 2017-12-28 Comcast Cable Communications, Llc Location Intelligence Management System for Border Security
US9883344B2 (en) 2015-11-23 2018-01-30 Collegenet, Inc. Adaptive location branding
US9941925B1 (en) * 2014-02-21 2018-04-10 Rockwell Collins, Inc. Communication system supporting high-precision measurements utilizing reference sequence re-modulation
US9954579B2 (en) 2008-12-23 2018-04-24 Keyssa, Inc. Smart connectors and associated communications links
US10089608B2 (en) 2012-09-04 2018-10-02 Linq3 Technologies Llc Processing of a user device game-playing transaction based on location
WO2018176100A1 (en) * 2017-03-31 2018-10-04 Geo-Pro-Teq Ip Pty Ltd A computer system and a computer implemented method for processing gaming data
US10148774B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2018-12-04 Perdiemco Llc Method for controlling conveyance of electronically logged information originated by drivers of vehicles
CN109151725A (en) * 2018-07-25 2019-01-04 国网上海市电力公司 Electric power emphasis equipment conveying based on geography fence technology joins management method
US10217326B2 (en) 2012-09-04 2019-02-26 Linq3 Technologies Llc Processing of a user device game-playing transaction based on location
US10229561B2 (en) 2012-09-04 2019-03-12 Linq3 Technologies Llc Processing of a user device game-playing transaction based on location
US10332155B2 (en) 2007-03-08 2019-06-25 Cfph, Llc Systems and methods for determining an amount of time an object is worn
US10347076B2 (en) 2004-02-25 2019-07-09 Interactive Games Llc Network based control of remote system for enabling, disabling, and controlling gaming
US10375221B2 (en) 2015-04-30 2019-08-06 Keyssa Systems, Inc. Adapter devices for enhancing the functionality of other devices
US10406446B2 (en) 2010-08-13 2019-09-10 Interactive Games Llc Multi-process communication regarding gaming information
US10515511B2 (en) 2004-02-25 2019-12-24 Interactive Games Llc Network based control of electronic devices for gaming
US10546107B2 (en) 2006-11-15 2020-01-28 Cfph, Llc Biometric access sensitivity
US10595124B2 (en) 2008-12-23 2020-03-17 Keyssa, Inc. Full duplex contactless communication systems and methods for the use thereof
US10733847B2 (en) 2005-07-08 2020-08-04 Cfph, Llc System and method for gaming
US10915906B2 (en) 2012-03-23 2021-02-09 Digital Retail Apps., Inc. System and method for facilitating secure self payment transactions of retail goods
US10943432B2 (en) 2012-09-04 2021-03-09 E2Interactive, Inc. Processing of a game-playing transaction based on location
US11017628B2 (en) 2006-10-26 2021-05-25 Interactive Games Llc System and method for wireless gaming with location determination
EP3855202A1 (en) * 2020-01-24 2021-07-28 Ecole Royale Militaire - Koninklijke Militaire School Time-of-flight based unified positioning system and methods
US11202170B2 (en) 2015-11-23 2021-12-14 Collegenet, Inc. Adaptive location branding
US11343191B2 (en) 2020-03-09 2022-05-24 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba In-facility wireless communication system and method for determining locations based on tag orientation
US11386745B2 (en) * 2020-12-11 2022-07-12 Sg Gaming, Inc. Systems and methods for locating networked gaming devices

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5823879A (en) 1996-01-19 1998-10-20 Sheldon F. Goldberg Network gaming system
US9530150B2 (en) 1996-01-19 2016-12-27 Adcension, Llc Compensation model for network services
US6264560B1 (en) 1996-01-19 2001-07-24 Sheldon F. Goldberg Method and system for playing games on a network
US7904187B2 (en) 1999-02-01 2011-03-08 Hoffberg Steven M Internet appliance system and method
US20120046096A1 (en) * 2009-08-06 2012-02-23 James Morrison System and method for allowing remote wagers (both for real wagers and for fun/points/prizes) by confirming player location using network generated and/or network centric data
BE1019374A3 (en) * 2010-06-15 2012-06-05 New Sentinel METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR NON - INTRUSIVE GEOLOCATION.
CN101986677A (en) * 2010-10-22 2011-03-16 浙江大学 Position related mobile game operation limiting method
CN103024896A (en) * 2011-09-23 2013-04-03 李志海 System, method and device for wireless location
EP2863566B1 (en) 2013-10-18 2020-09-02 Université de Nantes Method and apparatus for reconstructing a data block
CN104219244B (en) * 2014-09-19 2017-09-01 深圳供电局有限公司 iBeacon position spoofing preventing method, authentication server and base station
EP3443727A4 (en) 2017-03-21 2019-04-24 SZ DJI Technology Co., Ltd. Monitoring method and system
CN108513640B (en) * 2017-03-21 2022-01-11 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 Control method of movable platform and movable platform
CN106951260A (en) * 2017-03-27 2017-07-14 联想(北京)有限公司 Virtual objects access method and virtual display device under a kind of virtual scene
CN111190909B (en) * 2019-05-17 2020-12-15 延安大学 Data credible processing method
CN111818495B (en) * 2020-06-23 2023-05-23 敖冬兵 Control method, system, device and medium of wireless communication terminal
KR102356069B1 (en) * 2021-12-21 2022-02-09 (주)리인터내셔널 Forneigner exclusive casino game system and method thereof

Citations (57)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4445118A (en) * 1981-05-22 1984-04-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Navigation system and method
US4728959A (en) * 1986-08-08 1988-03-01 Ventana Sciences Inc. Direction finding localization system
US5327144A (en) * 1993-05-07 1994-07-05 Associated Rt, Inc. Cellular telephone location system
US5602903A (en) * 1994-09-28 1997-02-11 Us West Technologies, Inc. Positioning system and method
US5959580A (en) * 1994-11-03 1999-09-28 Ksi Inc. Communications localization system
US6047192A (en) * 1996-05-13 2000-04-04 Ksi Inc. Robust, efficient, localization system
US6091362A (en) * 1999-01-08 2000-07-18 Trueposition, Inc. Bandwidth synthesis for wireless location system
US6101178A (en) * 1997-07-10 2000-08-08 Ksi Inc. Pseudolite-augmented GPS for locating wireless telephones
US6104815A (en) * 1997-01-10 2000-08-15 Silicon Gaming, Inc. Method and apparatus using geographical position and universal time determination means to provide authenticated, secure, on-line communication between remote gaming locations
US6108555A (en) * 1996-05-17 2000-08-22 Ksi, Inc. Enchanced time difference localization system
US6252544B1 (en) * 1998-01-27 2001-06-26 Steven M. Hoffberg Mobile communication device
US20010037211A1 (en) * 2000-04-05 2001-11-01 Mcnutt Richard E. Interactive wagering systems and methods for restricting wagering access
US6334059B1 (en) * 1999-01-08 2001-12-25 Trueposition, Inc. Modified transmission method for improving accuracy for e-911 calls
US6366241B2 (en) * 2000-06-26 2002-04-02 Trueposition, Inc. Enhanced determination of position-dependent signal characteristics of a wireless transmitter
US6388618B1 (en) * 1999-01-08 2002-05-14 Trueposition, Inc. Signal collection system for a wireless location system
US20020111213A1 (en) * 2001-02-13 2002-08-15 Mcentee Robert A. Method, apparatus and article for wagering and accessing casino services
US6463290B1 (en) * 1999-01-08 2002-10-08 Trueposition, Inc. Mobile-assisted network based techniques for improving accuracy of wireless location system
US6501955B1 (en) * 2000-06-19 2002-12-31 Intel Corporation RF signal repeater, mobile unit position determination system using the RF signal repeater, and method of communication therefor
US20030036428A1 (en) * 2001-08-20 2003-02-20 Christian Aasland Method and apparatus for implementing multiplayer PDA games
US20030087647A1 (en) * 2001-10-22 2003-05-08 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Methods and apparatus for providing data for enabling location of a mobile communications device
US20030119528A1 (en) * 2001-12-26 2003-06-26 Boathouse Communication Partners, Llc System and method for an automated intermediary to broker remote transaction between parties based on actively managed private profile information
US20030137110A1 (en) * 2002-01-22 2003-07-24 Marcel Huard Method and apparatus for multi player bet auxiliary game
US6646604B2 (en) * 1999-01-08 2003-11-11 Trueposition, Inc. Automatic synchronous tuning of narrowband receivers of a wireless location system for voice/traffic channel tracking
US20040137987A1 (en) * 2001-06-15 2004-07-15 Nguyen Binh T. Personal gaming device and method of presenting a game
US6765531B2 (en) * 1999-01-08 2004-07-20 Trueposition, Inc. System and method for interference cancellation in a location calculation, for use in a wireless location system
US20040147323A1 (en) * 2002-10-31 2004-07-29 Cliff David Trevor Gaming systems
US6778820B2 (en) * 2001-01-19 2004-08-17 Tendler Cellular, Inc. Method and apparatus for assuring that a telephone wager is placed within the wagering jurisdiction
US6782264B2 (en) * 1999-01-08 2004-08-24 Trueposition, Inc. Monitoring of call information in a wireless location system
US20040174297A1 (en) * 2003-03-06 2004-09-09 Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. Hybird navigation system using neural network
US20040192353A1 (en) * 2002-07-02 2004-09-30 Charles Mason Geolocation system-enabled speaker-microphone accessory for radio communication devices
US6805764B2 (en) * 2000-07-06 2004-10-19 Grain Processing Corporation Method for adhesively bonding laminates and composite structures
US6826394B1 (en) * 1997-04-22 2004-11-30 Ericsson Inc. Interaction between an adjunct positioning system and a radiocommunication system
US6861982B2 (en) * 2001-08-16 2005-03-01 Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. System for determining position of an emitter
US6863610B2 (en) * 2002-04-09 2005-03-08 Utstarcom, Inc. Wireless gaming system using standard cellular telephones
US6873290B2 (en) * 1999-01-08 2005-03-29 Trueposition, Inc. Multiple pass location processor
US6876859B2 (en) * 2001-07-18 2005-04-05 Trueposition, Inc. Method for estimating TDOA and FDOA in a wireless location system
US20050187020A1 (en) * 2004-02-25 2005-08-25 Amaitis Lee M. System and method for convenience gaming
US20050192029A1 (en) * 2004-02-26 2005-09-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for determining the position of terminal in a cellular mobile radio network
US20060003775A1 (en) * 1999-01-08 2006-01-05 Bull Jeffrey F Advanced triggers for location-based service applications in a wireless location system
US6987793B2 (en) * 2000-12-28 2006-01-17 Naveen Dhar Predictive collision avoidance in macrodiverse wireless networks with frequency hopping using switching
US20060025106A1 (en) * 2004-07-29 2006-02-02 Byers Charles C Method for alerting wireless units of an impending emergency situation
US20060046747A1 (en) * 2004-09-01 2006-03-02 Charles Abraham Method and apparatus for processing location service messages in a satellite position location system
US7016692B2 (en) * 2002-03-20 2006-03-21 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Technique to facilitate location determination of wireless data calls
US7016693B2 (en) * 2004-01-06 2006-03-21 Nokia Corporation Method and apparatus for reporting location of a mobile terminal
US7047010B2 (en) * 2001-12-21 2006-05-16 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. System and method for providing rescue channel communications between base stations in a wireless communication system
US20060194594A1 (en) * 2005-02-25 2006-08-31 Nokia Corporation Location services in a communications system
US7103310B2 (en) * 2002-05-30 2006-09-05 Nortel Networks Limited Method of restricting the use of a radio terminal and an associated restriction device
US7146153B2 (en) * 2003-07-30 2006-12-05 Sbc Knowledge Ventures, L.P. Provisioning of wireless private access subscribers for location based services
US7151939B2 (en) * 2003-02-18 2006-12-19 Qualcomm Incorporated Method, apparatus, and machine-readable medium for providing indication of location service availability and the quality of available location services
US20070060306A1 (en) * 2005-08-09 2007-03-15 Amaitis Lee M System and method for providing wireless gaming as a service application
US20070060355A1 (en) * 2005-08-09 2007-03-15 Amaitis Lee M System and method for wireless gaming system with alerts
US7203752B2 (en) * 2001-02-16 2007-04-10 Openwave Systems Inc. Method and system for managing location information for wireless communications devices
US20070155401A1 (en) * 2005-12-30 2007-07-05 Trueposition Inc. User plane uplink time difference of arrival (u-tdoa)
US7429914B2 (en) * 2003-06-04 2008-09-30 Andrew Corporation System and method for CDMA geolocation
US20090005061A1 (en) * 2005-12-30 2009-01-01 Trueposition, Inc. Location quality of service indicator
US7519136B2 (en) * 2004-06-09 2009-04-14 Ntt Docomo, Inc. Wireless positioning approach using time delay estimates of multipath components
US7525484B2 (en) * 1996-09-09 2009-04-28 Tracbeam Llc Gateway and hybrid solutions for wireless location

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20000039283A (en) * 1998-12-09 2000-07-05 채광묵 Location indicating system capable of being controlled remotely
CA2296812A1 (en) * 1999-02-17 2000-08-17 Lucent Technologies Inc. Method for combining multiple measurements to determine the position of a mobile transceiver
GB0107949D0 (en) * 2001-03-30 2001-05-23 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv Method of determining position in a cellular communications network
US7510474B2 (en) * 2001-04-10 2009-03-31 Carter Sr Russell Location based mobile wagering system
US7440762B2 (en) * 2003-12-30 2008-10-21 Trueposition, Inc. TDOA/GPS hybrid wireless location system
US7828652B2 (en) * 2004-02-12 2010-11-09 Igt Player verification method and system for remote gaming terminals
US8616967B2 (en) * 2004-02-25 2013-12-31 Cfph, Llc System and method for convenience gaming

Patent Citations (85)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4445118A (en) * 1981-05-22 1984-04-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Navigation system and method
US4728959A (en) * 1986-08-08 1988-03-01 Ventana Sciences Inc. Direction finding localization system
US5608410A (en) * 1993-05-07 1997-03-04 Associated Rt, Inc. System for locating a source of bursty transmissions cross reference to related applications
US5327144A (en) * 1993-05-07 1994-07-05 Associated Rt, Inc. Cellular telephone location system
US5602903A (en) * 1994-09-28 1997-02-11 Us West Technologies, Inc. Positioning system and method
US6288675B1 (en) * 1994-11-03 2001-09-11 Ksi, Inc. Single station communications localization system
US5959580A (en) * 1994-11-03 1999-09-28 Ksi Inc. Communications localization system
US6288676B1 (en) * 1994-11-03 2001-09-11 Ksi, Inc. Apparatus and method for single station communications localization
US6127975A (en) * 1994-11-03 2000-10-03 Ksi, Incorporated Single station communications localization system
US6047192A (en) * 1996-05-13 2000-04-04 Ksi Inc. Robust, efficient, localization system
US6546256B1 (en) * 1996-05-13 2003-04-08 Ksi Inc. Robust, efficient, location-related measurement
US6108555A (en) * 1996-05-17 2000-08-22 Ksi, Inc. Enchanced time difference localization system
US6119013A (en) * 1996-05-17 2000-09-12 Ksi, Inc. Enhanced time-difference localization system
US7525484B2 (en) * 1996-09-09 2009-04-28 Tracbeam Llc Gateway and hybrid solutions for wireless location
US6104815A (en) * 1997-01-10 2000-08-15 Silicon Gaming, Inc. Method and apparatus using geographical position and universal time determination means to provide authenticated, secure, on-line communication between remote gaming locations
US6826394B1 (en) * 1997-04-22 2004-11-30 Ericsson Inc. Interaction between an adjunct positioning system and a radiocommunication system
US6101178A (en) * 1997-07-10 2000-08-08 Ksi Inc. Pseudolite-augmented GPS for locating wireless telephones
US6771625B1 (en) * 1997-07-10 2004-08-03 Ksi, Inc. Pseudolite-augmented GPS for locating wireless telephones
US6252544B1 (en) * 1998-01-27 2001-06-26 Steven M. Hoffberg Mobile communication device
US6334059B1 (en) * 1999-01-08 2001-12-25 Trueposition, Inc. Modified transmission method for improving accuracy for e-911 calls
US6646604B2 (en) * 1999-01-08 2003-11-11 Trueposition, Inc. Automatic synchronous tuning of narrowband receivers of a wireless location system for voice/traffic channel tracking
US6281834B1 (en) * 1999-01-08 2001-08-28 Trueposition, Inc. Calibration for wireless location system
US6266013B1 (en) * 1999-01-08 2001-07-24 Trueposition, Inc. Architecture for a signal collection system of a wireless location system
US6091362A (en) * 1999-01-08 2000-07-18 Trueposition, Inc. Bandwidth synthesis for wireless location system
US6317604B1 (en) * 1999-01-08 2001-11-13 Trueposition, Inc. Centralized database system for a wireless location system
US6317081B1 (en) * 1999-01-08 2001-11-13 Trueposition, Inc. Internal calibration method for receiver system of a wireless location system
US6782264B2 (en) * 1999-01-08 2004-08-24 Trueposition, Inc. Monitoring of call information in a wireless location system
US6351235B1 (en) * 1999-01-08 2002-02-26 Trueposition, Inc. Method and system for synchronizing receiver systems of a wireless location system
US6873290B2 (en) * 1999-01-08 2005-03-29 Trueposition, Inc. Multiple pass location processor
US6388618B1 (en) * 1999-01-08 2002-05-14 Trueposition, Inc. Signal collection system for a wireless location system
US6400320B1 (en) * 1999-01-08 2002-06-04 Trueposition, Inc. Antenna selection method for a wireless location system
US6184829B1 (en) * 1999-01-08 2001-02-06 Trueposition, Inc. Calibration for wireless location system
US6463290B1 (en) * 1999-01-08 2002-10-08 Trueposition, Inc. Mobile-assisted network based techniques for improving accuracy of wireless location system
US6483460B2 (en) * 1999-01-08 2002-11-19 Trueposition, Inc. Baseline selection method for use in a wireless location system
US6492944B1 (en) * 1999-01-08 2002-12-10 Trueposition, Inc. Internal calibration method for receiver system of a wireless location system
US6097336A (en) * 1999-01-08 2000-08-01 Trueposition, Inc. Method for improving the accuracy of a wireless location system
US6519465B2 (en) * 1999-01-08 2003-02-11 Trueposition, Inc. Modified transmission method for improving accuracy for E-911 calls
US7271765B2 (en) * 1999-01-08 2007-09-18 Trueposition, Inc. Applications processor including a database system, for use in a wireless location system
US6172644B1 (en) * 1999-01-08 2001-01-09 Trueposition, Inc. Emergency location method for a wireless location system
US7167713B2 (en) * 1999-01-08 2007-01-23 Trueposition, Inc. Monitoring of call information in a wireless location system
US6563460B2 (en) * 1999-01-08 2003-05-13 Trueposition, Inc. Collision recovery in a wireless location system
US7023383B2 (en) * 1999-01-08 2006-04-04 Trueposition, Inc. Multiple pass location processor
US20060030333A1 (en) * 1999-01-08 2006-02-09 Ward Matthew L Geo-fencing in a wireless location system
US6603428B2 (en) * 1999-01-08 2003-08-05 Trueposition, Inc. Multiple pass location processing
US6285321B1 (en) * 1999-01-08 2001-09-04 Trueposition, Inc. Station based processing method for a wireless location system
US6661379B2 (en) * 1999-01-08 2003-12-09 Trueposition, Inc. Antenna selection method for a wireless location system
US6115599A (en) * 1999-01-08 2000-09-05 Trueposition, Inc. Directed retry method for use in a wireless location system
US6765531B2 (en) * 1999-01-08 2004-07-20 Trueposition, Inc. System and method for interference cancellation in a location calculation, for use in a wireless location system
US20060003775A1 (en) * 1999-01-08 2006-01-05 Bull Jeffrey F Advanced triggers for location-based service applications in a wireless location system
US20010037211A1 (en) * 2000-04-05 2001-11-01 Mcnutt Richard E. Interactive wagering systems and methods for restricting wagering access
US6501955B1 (en) * 2000-06-19 2002-12-31 Intel Corporation RF signal repeater, mobile unit position determination system using the RF signal repeater, and method of communication therefor
US6366241B2 (en) * 2000-06-26 2002-04-02 Trueposition, Inc. Enhanced determination of position-dependent signal characteristics of a wireless transmitter
US6805764B2 (en) * 2000-07-06 2004-10-19 Grain Processing Corporation Method for adhesively bonding laminates and composite structures
US6987793B2 (en) * 2000-12-28 2006-01-17 Naveen Dhar Predictive collision avoidance in macrodiverse wireless networks with frequency hopping using switching
US6778820B2 (en) * 2001-01-19 2004-08-17 Tendler Cellular, Inc. Method and apparatus for assuring that a telephone wager is placed within the wagering jurisdiction
US20020111213A1 (en) * 2001-02-13 2002-08-15 Mcentee Robert A. Method, apparatus and article for wagering and accessing casino services
US7203752B2 (en) * 2001-02-16 2007-04-10 Openwave Systems Inc. Method and system for managing location information for wireless communications devices
US20040137987A1 (en) * 2001-06-15 2004-07-15 Nguyen Binh T. Personal gaming device and method of presenting a game
US6876859B2 (en) * 2001-07-18 2005-04-05 Trueposition, Inc. Method for estimating TDOA and FDOA in a wireless location system
US6861982B2 (en) * 2001-08-16 2005-03-01 Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. System for determining position of an emitter
US20030036428A1 (en) * 2001-08-20 2003-02-20 Christian Aasland Method and apparatus for implementing multiplayer PDA games
US20030087647A1 (en) * 2001-10-22 2003-05-08 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Methods and apparatus for providing data for enabling location of a mobile communications device
US7047010B2 (en) * 2001-12-21 2006-05-16 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. System and method for providing rescue channel communications between base stations in a wireless communication system
US20030119528A1 (en) * 2001-12-26 2003-06-26 Boathouse Communication Partners, Llc System and method for an automated intermediary to broker remote transaction between parties based on actively managed private profile information
US20030137110A1 (en) * 2002-01-22 2003-07-24 Marcel Huard Method and apparatus for multi player bet auxiliary game
US7016692B2 (en) * 2002-03-20 2006-03-21 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Technique to facilitate location determination of wireless data calls
US6863610B2 (en) * 2002-04-09 2005-03-08 Utstarcom, Inc. Wireless gaming system using standard cellular telephones
US7103310B2 (en) * 2002-05-30 2006-09-05 Nortel Networks Limited Method of restricting the use of a radio terminal and an associated restriction device
US20040192353A1 (en) * 2002-07-02 2004-09-30 Charles Mason Geolocation system-enabled speaker-microphone accessory for radio communication devices
US20040147323A1 (en) * 2002-10-31 2004-07-29 Cliff David Trevor Gaming systems
US7151939B2 (en) * 2003-02-18 2006-12-19 Qualcomm Incorporated Method, apparatus, and machine-readable medium for providing indication of location service availability and the quality of available location services
US20040174297A1 (en) * 2003-03-06 2004-09-09 Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. Hybird navigation system using neural network
US7429914B2 (en) * 2003-06-04 2008-09-30 Andrew Corporation System and method for CDMA geolocation
US7146153B2 (en) * 2003-07-30 2006-12-05 Sbc Knowledge Ventures, L.P. Provisioning of wireless private access subscribers for location based services
US7016693B2 (en) * 2004-01-06 2006-03-21 Nokia Corporation Method and apparatus for reporting location of a mobile terminal
US20050187020A1 (en) * 2004-02-25 2005-08-25 Amaitis Lee M. System and method for convenience gaming
US20050192029A1 (en) * 2004-02-26 2005-09-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for determining the position of terminal in a cellular mobile radio network
US7519136B2 (en) * 2004-06-09 2009-04-14 Ntt Docomo, Inc. Wireless positioning approach using time delay estimates of multipath components
US20060025106A1 (en) * 2004-07-29 2006-02-02 Byers Charles C Method for alerting wireless units of an impending emergency situation
US20060046747A1 (en) * 2004-09-01 2006-03-02 Charles Abraham Method and apparatus for processing location service messages in a satellite position location system
US20060194594A1 (en) * 2005-02-25 2006-08-31 Nokia Corporation Location services in a communications system
US20070060306A1 (en) * 2005-08-09 2007-03-15 Amaitis Lee M System and method for providing wireless gaming as a service application
US20070060355A1 (en) * 2005-08-09 2007-03-15 Amaitis Lee M System and method for wireless gaming system with alerts
US20070155401A1 (en) * 2005-12-30 2007-07-05 Trueposition Inc. User plane uplink time difference of arrival (u-tdoa)
US20090005061A1 (en) * 2005-12-30 2009-01-01 Trueposition, Inc. Location quality of service indicator

Cited By (264)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100253548A1 (en) * 2003-07-02 2010-10-07 Invensys Rail Corporation Method and system for automatically locating end of train devices
US11024115B2 (en) 2004-02-25 2021-06-01 Interactive Games Llc Network based control of remote system for enabling, disabling, and controlling gaming
US10347076B2 (en) 2004-02-25 2019-07-09 Interactive Games Llc Network based control of remote system for enabling, disabling, and controlling gaming
US10515511B2 (en) 2004-02-25 2019-12-24 Interactive Games Llc Network based control of electronic devices for gaming
US20100020701A1 (en) * 2005-05-17 2010-01-28 John Arpee Method and apparatus for determining coupled path loss
US8532024B2 (en) 2005-05-17 2013-09-10 Andrew Llc Method and apparatus for determining coupled path loss
US8320264B2 (en) 2005-05-17 2012-11-27 Andrew Llc Method and apparatus for determining path loss by active signal detection
US10733847B2 (en) 2005-07-08 2020-08-04 Cfph, Llc System and method for gaming
US11069185B2 (en) 2005-07-08 2021-07-20 Interactive Games Llc System and method for wireless gaming system with user profiles
US9661602B2 (en) 2005-10-21 2017-05-23 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. System and method for determining device location in an IP-based wireless telecommunications network
US10716085B2 (en) 2005-10-21 2020-07-14 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Determining device location in an IP-based wireless telecommunications network
US10382966B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2019-08-13 Perdiemco Llc Computing device carried by a vehicle for tracking driving events in a zone using location and event log files
US10397789B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2019-08-27 Perdiemco Llc Method for controlling conveyance of event information about carriers of mobile devices based on location information received from location information sources used by the mobile devices
US9485314B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2016-11-01 Perdiemco Llc Multi-level privilege notification system operated based on indoor location information received from a location information sources
US10148774B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2018-12-04 Perdiemco Llc Method for controlling conveyance of electronically logged information originated by drivers of vehicles
US9680941B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2017-06-13 Perdiemco Llc Location tracking system conveying event information based on administrator authorizations
US10171950B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2019-01-01 Perdiemco Llc Electronic logging device (ELD)
US10819809B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2020-10-27 Perdiemco, Llc Method for controlling conveyance of event notifications in sub-groups defined within groups based on multiple levels of administrative privileges
US11316937B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2022-04-26 Perdiemco Llc Method for tracking events based on mobile device location and sensor event conditions
US11064038B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2021-07-13 Perdiemco Llc Method for tracking mobile objects based on event conditions met at mobile object locations
US10277689B1 (en) 2005-12-23 2019-04-30 Perdiemco Llc Method for controlling conveyance of events by driver administrator of vehicles equipped with ELDs
US10284662B1 (en) 2005-12-23 2019-05-07 Perdiemco Llc Electronic logging device (ELD) for tracking driver of a vehicle in different tracking modes
US10602364B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2020-03-24 Perdiemco Llc Method for conveyance of event information to individuals interested devices having phone numbers
US9319471B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2016-04-19 Perdiemco Llc Object location tracking system based on relative coordinate systems using proximity location information sources
US9871874B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2018-01-16 Perdiemco Llc Multi-level database management system and method for an object tracking service that protects user privacy
US8150421B2 (en) 2005-12-30 2012-04-03 Trueposition, Inc. User plane uplink time difference of arrival (U-TDOA)
US20090005061A1 (en) * 2005-12-30 2009-01-01 Trueposition, Inc. Location quality of service indicator
US20070155401A1 (en) * 2005-12-30 2007-07-05 Trueposition Inc. User plane uplink time difference of arrival (u-tdoa)
US20070170314A1 (en) * 2006-01-26 2007-07-26 Kane Mark E Method and system for locating end of train units
US20070178881A1 (en) * 2006-01-31 2007-08-02 Teunissen Harold W A Remotely controlling access to subscriber data over a wireless network for a mobile device
US8693454B2 (en) 2006-04-13 2014-04-08 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Mobile computing device geographic location determination
US8000701B2 (en) 2006-05-16 2011-08-16 Andrew, Llc Correlation mechanism to communicate in a dual-plane architecture
US8000702B2 (en) * 2006-05-16 2011-08-16 Andrew, Llc Optimizing location services performance by combining user plane and control plane architectures
US8019339B2 (en) 2006-05-16 2011-09-13 Andrew Llc Using serving area identification in a mixed access network environment
US20070293239A1 (en) * 2006-05-16 2007-12-20 Andrew Corporation Optimizing location services performance by combining user plane and control plane architectures
US10419875B2 (en) 2006-06-02 2019-09-17 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. System and method for determining a subscriber's zone information
US20090247285A1 (en) * 2006-06-13 2009-10-01 Gagner Mark B Location detection for portable wagering game machines
US20080070550A1 (en) * 2006-09-20 2008-03-20 Hose David A Providing Subscriber Specific Information Across Wireless Networks
US20080074322A1 (en) * 2006-09-27 2008-03-27 Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. Software defined navigation signal generator
US7847730B2 (en) * 2006-09-27 2010-12-07 Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration, Inc. Software defined navigation signal generator
US20080085769A1 (en) * 2006-10-06 2008-04-10 Lutnick Howard W Secondary game
US8323102B2 (en) * 2006-10-06 2012-12-04 Cfph, Llc Remote play of a table game through a mobile device
US8908664B2 (en) 2006-10-20 2014-12-09 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. System and method for determining a subscriber'S zone information
US8953567B2 (en) 2006-10-20 2015-02-10 T—Mobile USA, Inc. System and method for utilizing IP-based wireless telecommunications client location data
US20110200022A1 (en) * 2006-10-20 2011-08-18 Magesh Annamalai System and method for utilizing ip-based wireless telecommunications client location data
US9693189B2 (en) 2006-10-20 2017-06-27 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. System and method for determining a subscriber's zone information
US9820089B2 (en) 2006-10-20 2017-11-14 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. System and method for utilizing IP-based wireless telecommunications client location data
US10869162B2 (en) 2006-10-20 2020-12-15 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. System and method for utilizing IP-based wireless telecommunications client location data
US8737311B2 (en) 2006-10-20 2014-05-27 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Two stage mobile device geographic location determination
US11017628B2 (en) 2006-10-26 2021-05-25 Interactive Games Llc System and method for wireless gaming with location determination
US11182462B2 (en) 2006-11-15 2021-11-23 Cfph, Llc Biometric access sensitivity
US10546107B2 (en) 2006-11-15 2020-01-28 Cfph, Llc Biometric access sensitivity
US20080180320A1 (en) * 2007-01-29 2008-07-31 Research In Motion Limited Method of downloading ephemeris data based on user activity
US8648747B2 (en) * 2007-01-29 2014-02-11 Blackberry Limited Method of downloading ephemeris data based on user activity
US20100045521A1 (en) * 2007-01-29 2010-02-25 Piotr Konrad Tysowski Method of Downloading Ephemeris Data Based on User Activity
US7633438B2 (en) * 2007-01-29 2009-12-15 Research In Motion Limited Method of downloading ephemeris data based on user activity
US8175620B2 (en) 2007-02-05 2012-05-08 Andrew, Llc System and method for generating non-uniform grid points from calibration data
US8380220B2 (en) 2007-02-05 2013-02-19 Andrew Llc System and method for generating a location estimate using a method of intersections
US8938252B2 (en) 2007-02-05 2015-01-20 Andrew Llc System and method to collect and modify calibration data
US20080188239A1 (en) * 2007-02-05 2008-08-07 Commscope, Inc. Of North Carolina System and method for generating non-uniform grid points from calibration data
US20080188245A1 (en) * 2007-02-05 2008-08-07 Commscope, Inc. Of North Carolina System and method to obtain calibration data using estimation techniques
US9097784B2 (en) 2007-02-05 2015-08-04 Commscope Technologies Llc System and method to collect and modify calibration data
US20080188242A1 (en) * 2007-02-05 2008-08-07 Andrew Corporation System and method for optimizing location estimate of mobile unit
US8311018B2 (en) 2007-02-05 2012-11-13 Andrew Llc System and method for optimizing location estimate of mobile unit
US20090201207A1 (en) * 2007-02-05 2009-08-13 Martin Alles Method to modify calibration data used to locate a mobile unit
US8254966B2 (en) 2007-02-05 2012-08-28 Andrew, Llc System and method to modify wireless network calibration data
US8326317B2 (en) 2007-02-05 2012-12-04 Andrew Llc System and method to obtain calibration data using estimation techniques
US8090384B2 (en) 2007-02-05 2012-01-03 Andrew, Llc System and method for generating a location estimate using a method of intersections
US8400358B2 (en) 2007-02-05 2013-03-19 Andrew Llc Method to modify calibration data used to locate a mobile unit
US20080220875A1 (en) * 2007-03-07 2008-09-11 Barry Sohl Multiplayer Platform for Mobile Applications
US8162757B2 (en) * 2007-03-07 2012-04-24 Electronic Arts Inc. Multiplayer platform for mobile applications
US10332155B2 (en) 2007-03-08 2019-06-25 Cfph, Llc Systems and methods for determining an amount of time an object is worn
US8331953B2 (en) 2007-05-01 2012-12-11 Andrew Llc System and method for estimating the location of a mobile device
US20080285505A1 (en) * 2007-05-15 2008-11-20 Andrew Corporation System and method for network timing recovery in communications networks
US20080288787A1 (en) * 2007-05-18 2008-11-20 Hamilton Jeffrey A Export control for a GNSS receiver
US8296571B2 (en) * 2007-05-18 2012-10-23 Trimble Navigation Limited Export control for a GNSS receiver
US20080289033A1 (en) * 2007-05-18 2008-11-20 Hamilton Jeffery A Method and system for GNSS receiver login protection and prevention
US8220046B2 (en) 2007-05-18 2012-07-10 Trimble Navigation Limited Method and system for GNSS receiver login protection and prevention
US8428617B2 (en) 2007-05-21 2013-04-23 Andrew Llc Method and apparatus to select an optimum site and/or sector to provide geo-location data
US20110092226A1 (en) * 2007-05-21 2011-04-21 Andrew Llc Method and Apparatus to Select an Optimum Site and/or Sector to Provide Geo-Location Data
US7933610B2 (en) 2007-05-21 2011-04-26 Andrew Llc Method and apparatus to select an optimum site and/or sector to provide geo-location data
US20080307445A1 (en) * 2007-06-05 2008-12-11 Sukesh Garg Method and apparatus for providing a unified system for interaction with cellular and internet protocol devices
US8165087B2 (en) * 2007-06-30 2012-04-24 Microsoft Corporation Location context service handoff
US20090003281A1 (en) * 2007-06-30 2009-01-01 Microsoft Corporation Location context service handoff
US20090029774A1 (en) * 2007-07-24 2009-01-29 The Game Truck, Llc Method of entertaining using a mobile entertainment environment
US8029368B2 (en) * 2007-07-24 2011-10-04 Game Truck Licensing, Llc Method of entertaining using a mobile entertainment environment
US8574079B2 (en) * 2007-11-13 2013-11-05 Spielo International Canada, Ulc Wireless wagering system
US20090163277A1 (en) * 2007-11-13 2009-06-25 Spielo Manufacturing Ulc Wireless wagering system
US8170585B2 (en) 2007-11-14 2012-05-01 Andrew, Llc Ranging in UMTS networks
US20090124266A1 (en) * 2007-11-14 2009-05-14 Andrew Corporation Ranging in UMTS networks
US8112096B2 (en) 2007-11-15 2012-02-07 Andrew, Llc System and method for locating an unknown base station
US8447319B2 (en) 2007-11-15 2013-05-21 Andrew Llc System and method for locating UMTS user equipment using measurement reports
US20090131075A1 (en) * 2007-11-15 2009-05-21 Commscope, Inc. Of North Carolina System and method for locating an unknown base station
US20090131073A1 (en) * 2007-11-15 2009-05-21 Andrew Corporation System and method for locating umts user equipment using measurement reports
US8638259B2 (en) 2007-12-07 2014-01-28 Maple Acquisition Llc Method and system for providing assistance data for A-GPS location of handsets in wireless networks
EP2232910A1 (en) * 2007-12-27 2010-09-29 TruePosition, Inc. Subscriber selective, area-based service control
WO2009085608A1 (en) 2007-12-27 2009-07-09 Trueposition, Inc. Subscriber selective, area-based service control
EP2232910A4 (en) * 2007-12-27 2014-04-09 Trueposition Inc Subscriber selective, area-based service control
US10292007B2 (en) 2008-02-29 2019-05-14 Blackberry Limited Notification of access control request and explanation indicative of the access control request on a communication device
US11832143B2 (en) 2008-02-29 2023-11-28 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Notification of access control request and explanation indicative of the access control request on a communication device
US11246003B2 (en) 2008-02-29 2022-02-08 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Notification of access control request and explanation indicative of the access control request on a communication device
US9848292B2 (en) 2008-02-29 2017-12-19 Blackberry Limited Notification of access control request and explanation indicative of the access control request on a communication device
US10791413B2 (en) 2008-02-29 2020-09-29 Blackberry Limited Notification of access control request and explanation indicative of the access control request on a communication device
US20130093596A1 (en) * 2008-02-29 2013-04-18 Research In Motion Limited Notification of access control request and explanation indicative of the access control request on a communication device
US9257020B2 (en) * 2008-02-29 2016-02-09 Blackberry Limited Notification of access control request and explanation indicative of the access control request on a communication device
US8213955B2 (en) 2008-05-01 2012-07-03 Andrew, Llc Network measurement report caching for location of mobile devices
US20100042954A1 (en) * 2008-08-12 2010-02-18 Apple Inc. Motion based input selection
US8401564B2 (en) 2008-08-22 2013-03-19 Telcom Ventures Llc Method and system enabling use of white space radio spectrum using digital broadcast signals
US8130708B2 (en) 2008-08-22 2012-03-06 Telcom Ventures, Llc Method and system enabling use of white space radio spectrum using an out of band control channel
US8938270B2 (en) 2008-08-22 2015-01-20 Telcom Ventures, Llc Method and system enabling use of white space radio spectrum using an out of band control channel
US8170577B2 (en) 2008-08-22 2012-05-01 Telcom Ventures, Llc Method and system enabling use of white space radio spectrum using digital broadcast signals
US20100046440A1 (en) * 2008-08-22 2010-02-25 Rajendra Singh Method and system enabling use of white space radio spectrum using an out of band control channel
US9398443B2 (en) * 2008-09-04 2016-07-19 Qualcomm Incorporated System and method of providing mode changes to wireless devices
US20140242966A1 (en) * 2008-09-04 2014-08-28 Qualcomm Incorporated System and method of providing mode changes to wireless devices
US8331956B2 (en) 2008-10-06 2012-12-11 Andrew Llc System and method of UMTS UE location using uplink dedicated physical control channel and downlink synchronization channel
US8762519B2 (en) 2008-10-28 2014-06-24 Andrew Llc System and method for providing location services for multiple access networks from a single location server
US20100106774A1 (en) * 2008-10-28 2010-04-29 Andrew Llc System and method for providing location services for multiple access networks from a single location server
US8125377B2 (en) 2008-11-17 2012-02-28 Andrew Llc System and method for determining the location of a mobile device
US20100123622A1 (en) * 2008-11-17 2010-05-20 Neil Harper System and method for determining the location of a mobile device
US20100127923A1 (en) * 2008-11-24 2010-05-27 Andrew Llc System and method for determining falsified satellite measurements
US7940213B2 (en) 2008-11-24 2011-05-10 Andrew, Llc System and method for determining falsified satellite measurements
US20100127920A1 (en) * 2008-11-24 2010-05-27 Andrew Llc System and method for determining falsified geographic location of a mobile device
US20100127928A1 (en) * 2008-11-24 2010-05-27 Andrew Llc System and method for server side detection of falsified satellite measurements
US8035557B2 (en) 2008-11-24 2011-10-11 Andrew, Llc System and method for server side detection of falsified satellite measurements
US7800533B2 (en) 2008-11-24 2010-09-21 Andrew, Llc System and method for determining falsified geographic location of a mobile device
US8249622B2 (en) 2008-11-26 2012-08-21 Andrew, Llc System and method for multiple range estimation location
US20110170444A1 (en) * 2008-11-26 2011-07-14 Martin Alles System and method for multiple range estimation location
US8160609B2 (en) 2008-11-26 2012-04-17 Andrew Llc System and method for multiple range estimation location
US8380222B2 (en) 2008-11-26 2013-02-19 Andrew Llc System and method for multiple range estimation location
US20100134352A1 (en) * 2008-12-01 2010-06-03 Andrew Llc System and method for protecting against spoofed a-gnss measurement data
US7956803B2 (en) 2008-12-01 2011-06-07 Andrew, Llc System and method for protecting against spoofed A-GNSS measurement data
US20100156713A1 (en) * 2008-12-23 2010-06-24 Andrew Llc System and method for determining a reference location of a mobile device
US7916071B2 (en) 2008-12-23 2011-03-29 Andrew, Llc System and method for determining a reference location of a mobile device
US10588002B2 (en) 2008-12-23 2020-03-10 Keyssa, Inc. Smart connectors and associated communications links
US10595124B2 (en) 2008-12-23 2020-03-17 Keyssa, Inc. Full duplex contactless communication systems and methods for the use thereof
US9954579B2 (en) 2008-12-23 2018-04-24 Keyssa, Inc. Smart connectors and associated communications links
US7986266B2 (en) 2009-03-13 2011-07-26 Andrew, Llc Method and system for selecting optimal satellites in view
US20100234022A1 (en) * 2009-03-16 2010-09-16 Andrew Llc System and method for supl roaming in wimax networks
US8239483B2 (en) 2009-03-16 2012-08-07 Andrew, Llc System and method for generic application of location determination for network attached devices
US20100311439A1 (en) * 2009-03-16 2010-12-09 Andrew, Llc System and method for supl roaming using a held client
US8301160B2 (en) 2009-03-16 2012-10-30 Andrew Llc System and method for SUPL roaming using a held client
US8462769B2 (en) 2009-03-26 2013-06-11 Andrew Llc System and method for managing created location contexts in a location server
US8391884B2 (en) 2009-03-26 2013-03-05 Andrew Llc System and method for managing created location contexts in a location server
US20100285813A1 (en) * 2009-05-08 2010-11-11 Andrew Llc System and method for determining a reference location using cell table data mining
US8467805B2 (en) 2009-05-08 2013-06-18 Andrew Llc System and method for determining a reference location using cell table data mining
US20100291947A1 (en) * 2009-05-15 2010-11-18 Magesh Annamalai Facility for selecting a mobile device location determination technique
US8311557B2 (en) * 2009-05-15 2012-11-13 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Facility for selecting a mobile device location determination technique
US20100289640A1 (en) * 2009-05-15 2010-11-18 Magesh Annamalai Mobile device location determination using micronetworks
US9398418B2 (en) 2009-05-15 2016-07-19 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Mobile device location determination using micronetworks
US9820102B2 (en) 2009-05-15 2017-11-14 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Mobile device location determination using micronetworks
US8718592B2 (en) 2009-05-15 2014-05-06 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Mobile device location determination using micronetworks
US8290510B2 (en) 2009-06-11 2012-10-16 Andrew Llc System and method for SUPL held interworking
US20100316006A1 (en) * 2009-06-11 2010-12-16 Andrew Llc System and method for supl held interworking
US20100324813A1 (en) * 2009-06-17 2010-12-23 Microsoft Corporation Accuracy assessment for location estimation systems
US8521429B2 (en) * 2009-06-17 2013-08-27 Microsoft Corporation Accuracy assessment for location estimation systems
US10320782B2 (en) 2009-08-05 2019-06-11 Daon Holdings Limited Methods and systems for authenticating users
US9202028B2 (en) 2009-08-05 2015-12-01 Daon Holdings Limited Methods and systems for authenticating users
US9202032B2 (en) 2009-08-05 2015-12-01 Daon Holdings Limited Methods and systems for authenticating users
US9781107B2 (en) 2009-08-05 2017-10-03 Daon Holdings Limited Methods and systems for authenticating users
US8443202B2 (en) 2009-08-05 2013-05-14 Daon Holdings Limited Methods and systems for authenticating users
US9538495B2 (en) 2009-08-05 2017-01-03 Commscope Technologies Llc System and method for hybrid location in an LTE network
US9485251B2 (en) 2009-08-05 2016-11-01 Daon Holdings Limited Methods and systems for authenticating users
US8463293B2 (en) 2009-09-21 2013-06-11 Andrew Llc System and method for a high throughput GSM location solution
US20110070892A1 (en) * 2009-09-21 2011-03-24 Andrew Llc System and method for a high throughput gsm location solution
US8340683B2 (en) 2009-09-21 2012-12-25 Andrew, Llc System and method for a high throughput GSM location solution
US20110068977A1 (en) * 2009-09-23 2011-03-24 Andrew Llc Enhancing location accuracy using multiple satellite measurements based on environment
US8217832B2 (en) 2009-09-23 2012-07-10 Andrew, Llc Enhancing location accuracy using multiple satellite measurements based on environment
US20110090121A1 (en) * 2009-10-15 2011-04-21 Andrew Llc Location measurement acquisition optimization with monte carlo simulation
US8188920B2 (en) 2009-10-15 2012-05-29 Andrew, Llc Location measurement acquisition optimization with Monte Carlo simulation
US8289210B2 (en) 2009-10-15 2012-10-16 Andrew Llc Location measurement acquisition adaptive optimization
US20110090122A1 (en) * 2009-10-15 2011-04-21 Andrew Llc Location measurement acquisition adaptive optimization
US20170374528A1 (en) * 2009-12-18 2017-12-28 Comcast Cable Communications, Llc Location Intelligence Management System for Border Security
US11418916B2 (en) * 2009-12-18 2022-08-16 Comcast Cable Communications, Llc Location intelligence management system
US20110171912A1 (en) * 2010-01-08 2011-07-14 Andrew, Llc System and Method for Mobile Location By Proximity Detection
US9331798B2 (en) 2010-01-08 2016-05-03 Commscope Technologies Llc System and method for mobile location by proximity detection
US20110170693A1 (en) * 2010-01-13 2011-07-14 Andrew Llc Stateless method and system for providing location information of target device
US20110173230A1 (en) * 2010-01-13 2011-07-14 Andrew Llc Method and system for providing location information of target device
US8689277B2 (en) 2010-01-13 2014-04-01 Andrew Llc Method and system for providing location of target device using stateless user information
US20110173674A1 (en) * 2010-01-13 2011-07-14 Andrew Llc Method and system for providing location of target device using stateless user information
GB2477837A (en) * 2010-02-15 2011-08-17 Avaya Inc Restricting features of a mobile device application based on user presence or device location
US20110202269A1 (en) * 2010-02-15 2011-08-18 Avaya Inc. Mobile gaming, hospitality and communications appliance
WO2011104638A3 (en) * 2010-02-15 2011-12-08 Avaya Inc. Mobile gaming, hospitality, and communications appliance
US8826030B2 (en) 2010-03-22 2014-09-02 Daon Holdings Limited Methods and systems for authenticating users
US8761761B2 (en) 2010-04-28 2014-06-24 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Location continuity service for locating mobile devices using multiple access networks including wireless telecommunication networks
US8472974B2 (en) 2010-04-28 2013-06-25 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Location continuity service for locating mobile devices using multiple access networks including wireless telecommunication networks
US9094927B2 (en) 2010-04-28 2015-07-28 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Location continuity service for locating mobile devices using multiple access networks including wireless telecommunication networks
US9794747B2 (en) 2010-04-28 2017-10-17 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Location continuity service for locating mobile devices using multiple access networks including wireless telecommunication networks
US9648460B2 (en) 2010-05-21 2017-05-09 Telecommunication Systems, Inc. System and method for location assurance of a mobile device
US8718673B2 (en) 2010-05-21 2014-05-06 Maple Acquisition Llc System and method for location assurance of a mobile device
US8971258B2 (en) 2010-07-31 2015-03-03 Motorola Solutions, Inc. Policy determination for user equipment providng mutual aid in a visited enterprise operating area of a long term evolution system
US9414265B2 (en) 2010-07-31 2016-08-09 Motorola Solutions, Inc. Location based policy for user equipment operating in different areas of a shared home long term evolution system
US10406446B2 (en) 2010-08-13 2019-09-10 Interactive Games Llc Multi-process communication regarding gaming information
US10744416B2 (en) 2010-08-13 2020-08-18 Interactive Games Llc Multi-process communication regarding gaming information
US8958754B2 (en) 2010-09-29 2015-02-17 Andrew, Llc System and method for sub-coherent integration for geo-location using weak or intermittent signals
US8489122B2 (en) 2010-12-09 2013-07-16 Andrew Llc System and method for total flight time ratio pattern matching
US8526968B2 (en) 2011-02-14 2013-09-03 Andrew Llc System and method for mobile location by dynamic clustering
US9173060B2 (en) 2011-02-14 2015-10-27 CommScope Technologies LLP System and method for mobile location by dynamic clustering
US9715001B2 (en) 2011-06-13 2017-07-25 Commscope Technologies Llc Mobile location in a remote radio head environment
US9038887B1 (en) 2011-06-28 2015-05-26 O'hanlon Ltd System for responding to QR codes, ShotCodes, MobiTags, 2-dimensional bar codes, 3-dimensional bar codes, and images
USRE48505E1 (en) 2012-01-12 2021-04-06 Commscope Technologies Llc Autonomous transmit chain delay measurements
US9778371B2 (en) 2012-01-12 2017-10-03 Commscope Technologies Llc Autonomous transmit chain delay measurements
US9423508B2 (en) 2012-01-12 2016-08-23 Commscope Technologies Llc Autonomous Transmit Chain Delay Measurements
EP2810230A1 (en) * 2012-02-01 2014-12-10 Linq3 Technologies LLC Systems and methods for integrated game play through the use of proximity-based communication on smart phones and hand held devices
EP2810230A4 (en) * 2012-02-01 2015-04-01 Linq3 Technologies Llc Systems and methods for integrated game play through the use of proximity-based communication on smart phones and hand held devices
US8897813B2 (en) 2012-02-03 2014-11-25 Andrew Llc LTE user equipment positioning system and method
US9489793B2 (en) * 2012-02-28 2016-11-08 Cfph, Llc Gaming through mobile or other devices
US11017630B2 (en) 2012-02-28 2021-05-25 Cfph, Llc Gaming through mobile or other devices
US20130225282A1 (en) * 2012-02-28 2013-08-29 Cfph, Llc Gaming through mobile or other devices
US10915906B2 (en) 2012-03-23 2021-02-09 Digital Retail Apps., Inc. System and method for facilitating secure self payment transactions of retail goods
US9451402B2 (en) 2012-05-01 2016-09-20 Qualcomm Incorporated Geofence breach confidence
US8965401B2 (en) 2012-05-01 2015-02-24 Qualcomm Incorporated Concurrent geofences with shared measurements
US9219983B2 (en) 2012-05-01 2015-12-22 Qualcomm Incorporated Mechanism to reduce missing breach detection in geofencing solution
CN104285406A (en) * 2012-05-16 2015-01-14 英特尔公司 System for protection and authentication of location services with distributed security
EP2850773A4 (en) * 2012-05-16 2016-01-27 Intel Corp System for protection and authentication of location services with distributed security
US10943432B2 (en) 2012-09-04 2021-03-09 E2Interactive, Inc. Processing of a game-playing transaction based on location
US10089608B2 (en) 2012-09-04 2018-10-02 Linq3 Technologies Llc Processing of a user device game-playing transaction based on location
US11037397B2 (en) 2012-09-04 2021-06-15 E2Interactive, Inc. Processing of a user device game-playing transaction based on location
US10229561B2 (en) 2012-09-04 2019-03-12 Linq3 Technologies Llc Processing of a user device game-playing transaction based on location
US9672687B2 (en) 2012-09-04 2017-06-06 Linq3 Technologies Llc Processing of a mobile device game-playing transaction based on the mobile device location
US10217326B2 (en) 2012-09-04 2019-02-26 Linq3 Technologies Llc Processing of a user device game-playing transaction based on location
US10127764B2 (en) 2012-09-04 2018-11-13 Linq3 Technologies Llc Processing of a user device game-playing transaction based on location
US9824340B2 (en) 2012-09-04 2017-11-21 Linq3 Technologies Llc Processing of a user device game-playing transaction based on location
US9824530B2 (en) 2012-09-04 2017-11-21 Linq3 Technologies Llc Processing of a user device game-playing transaction based on location
US9672697B2 (en) 2012-09-04 2017-06-06 Linq3 Technologies Llc Processing of a mobile device game-playing transaction conducted between the mobile device and a bluetooth terminal
US10943438B2 (en) 2012-09-04 2021-03-09 E2Interactive, Inc. Processing of a game-playing transaction based on location
US10194284B2 (en) * 2012-09-12 2019-01-29 Digit International Inc. Embedded communication in message based transports
US20140074946A1 (en) * 2012-09-12 2014-03-13 Digi International Inc. Embedded communication in message based transports
CN104756411A (en) * 2012-09-14 2015-07-01 凯萨股份有限公司 Smart connectors and associated communications links
GB2511277A (en) * 2012-10-30 2014-09-03 Network Resource Man Ltd Improvements to gaming systems
US20140222298A1 (en) * 2013-02-03 2014-08-07 Michael H. Gurin Systems For a Shared Vehicle
WO2014182580A1 (en) * 2013-05-06 2014-11-13 O'hanlon Kenneth System for handling messages and distributing information
US20150254928A1 (en) * 2013-11-22 2015-09-10 Gamblit Gaming, Llc Multi-mode multi-jurisdiction skill wagering interleaved system
US10388106B2 (en) * 2013-11-22 2019-08-20 Gamblit Gaming, Llc Multi-mode multi-jurisdiction skill wagering interleaved system
US9558624B2 (en) * 2013-11-22 2017-01-31 Gamblit Gaming, Llc Multi-mode multi-jurisdiction skill wagering interleaved system
US9591512B2 (en) 2013-12-30 2017-03-07 Motorola Solutions, Inc. Spatial quality of service prioritization algorithm in wireless networks
EP3092858B1 (en) 2014-01-07 2018-12-26 Philips Lighting Holding B.V. Controlling beaconing in a positioning system
US9838993B2 (en) * 2014-01-07 2017-12-05 Philips Lighting Holding B.V. Controlling beaconing in a positioning system
WO2015104199A1 (en) * 2014-01-07 2015-07-16 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Controlling beaconing in a positioning system
EP3092858B2 (en) † 2014-01-07 2022-05-04 Signify Holding B.V. Controlling beaconing in a positioning system
CN106134269A (en) * 2014-01-07 2016-11-16 飞利浦灯具控股公司 Control the beacon in alignment system
US9941925B1 (en) * 2014-02-21 2018-04-10 Rockwell Collins, Inc. Communication system supporting high-precision measurements utilizing reference sequence re-modulation
US20160011318A1 (en) * 2014-02-26 2016-01-14 Clark Emerson Cohen Performance and Cost Global Navigation Satellite System Architecture
US11073622B2 (en) * 2014-02-26 2021-07-27 Pnt Holdings, Inc. Performance and cost global navigation satellite system architecture
US9208506B2 (en) 2014-03-17 2015-12-08 Bleachr Llc Geofenced event-based fan networking: methods
US9336534B2 (en) 2014-03-17 2016-05-10 Bleachr Llc Geofenced event-based fan networking: systems
US10192398B2 (en) 2014-09-23 2019-01-29 Bally Gaming, Inc. System and method for positionally accurate gaming content
US10769886B2 (en) 2014-09-23 2020-09-08 Sg Gaming, Inc. System and method for positionally accurate gaming content
US9721427B2 (en) 2014-09-23 2017-08-01 Bally Gaming, Inc. System and method for positionally accurate gaming content
US10375221B2 (en) 2015-04-30 2019-08-06 Keyssa Systems, Inc. Adapter devices for enhancing the functionality of other devices
US10764421B2 (en) 2015-04-30 2020-09-01 Keyssa Systems, Inc. Adapter devices for enhancing the functionality of other devices
US9883344B2 (en) 2015-11-23 2018-01-30 Collegenet, Inc. Adaptive location branding
US11202170B2 (en) 2015-11-23 2021-12-14 Collegenet, Inc. Adaptive location branding
US10555121B2 (en) 2015-11-23 2020-02-04 Collegenet, Inc. Adaptive location branding
US11751013B2 (en) 2015-11-23 2023-09-05 Collegenet, Inc. Adaptive location branding
WO2018176100A1 (en) * 2017-03-31 2018-10-04 Geo-Pro-Teq Ip Pty Ltd A computer system and a computer implemented method for processing gaming data
GB2575400A (en) * 2017-03-31 2020-01-08 Geo Pro Teq Ip Pty Ltd A computer system and a computer implemented method for processing gaming data
CN109151725A (en) * 2018-07-25 2019-01-04 国网上海市电力公司 Electric power emphasis equipment conveying based on geography fence technology joins management method
EP3855202A1 (en) * 2020-01-24 2021-07-28 Ecole Royale Militaire - Koninklijke Militaire School Time-of-flight based unified positioning system and methods
WO2021148415A1 (en) * 2020-01-24 2021-07-29 Ecole Royale Militaire - Koninklijke Militaire School Time-of-flight based unified positioning system and methods
US11343191B2 (en) 2020-03-09 2022-05-24 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba In-facility wireless communication system and method for determining locations based on tag orientation
US11386745B2 (en) * 2020-12-11 2022-07-12 Sg Gaming, Inc. Systems and methods for locating networked gaming devices
US20220301392A1 (en) * 2020-12-11 2022-09-22 Sg Gaming, Inc. Systems and methods for locating networked gaming devices
US11915546B2 (en) * 2020-12-11 2024-02-27 Lnw Gaming, Inc. Systems and methods for locating networked gaming devices
US20240161570A1 (en) * 2020-12-11 2024-05-16 Lnw Gaming, Inc. Systems and methods for locating networked gaming devices

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101395640A (en) 2009-03-25
JP2009522880A (en) 2009-06-11
CA2635785A1 (en) 2007-07-12
EP1968719A4 (en) 2010-07-14
AU2006332524A1 (en) 2007-07-12
IL192506A (en) 2012-08-30
BRPI0621166A2 (en) 2011-11-29
GB0812741D0 (en) 2009-02-11
GB2452122B (en) 2011-07-27
KR20080081345A (en) 2008-09-09
CN101395640B (en) 2012-11-14
WO2007079395A2 (en) 2007-07-12
MX2008008601A (en) 2008-09-10
EP1968719A2 (en) 2008-09-17
AU2006332524B2 (en) 2010-11-18
IL192506A0 (en) 2009-02-11
GB2452122A (en) 2009-02-25
WO2007079395A3 (en) 2008-11-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AU2006332524B2 (en) Device and network enabled geo-fencing for area sensitive gaming enablement
AU2007299918B2 (en) Location quality of service indicator
US8150421B2 (en) User plane uplink time difference of arrival (U-TDOA)
US8213957B2 (en) Network autonomous wireless location system
ES2348808T3 (en) ADVANCED ACTIVATORS FOR SERVICE APPLICATIONS BASED ON LOCALIZATION IN A WIRELESS LOCATION SYSTEM.
CN115152284A (en) Supporting control plane positioning methods using user plane location solutions
KR20070008681A (en) Methods and apparatuses for beacon assisted position determination systems
Martin-Escalona et al. Location Services in Cellular Networks

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: TRUEPOSITION, INC., PENNSYLVANIA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BECKLEY, FREDERIC;WARD, MATTHEW L.;REEL/FRAME:017436/0290;SIGNING DATES FROM 20060206 TO 20060208

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION