ᱜᱚᱣᱟᱨ-ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
ᱜᱚᱣᱟᱨ-ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱱᱚᱨᱥᱚᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱟᱱᱰᱩᱭᱟᱭᱣᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱟᱱᱰᱩ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱠᱚᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱚᱣᱟᱨ-ᱵᱟᱴᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱙,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱕᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱗,᱕᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱾ ᱜᱚᱣᱟᱨ-ᱵᱟᱴᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ "ᱜᱚᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱠᱳᱯᱟᱨᱰᱳᱥ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱠᱩᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾
Gawar-Bati | |
---|---|
Narsati | |
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | Pakistan, Afghanistan |
ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ | Chitral, Kunar Province |
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ | Expression error: ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱚᱜᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ "᱒".e25 |
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ | |
ISO 639-3 | gwt |
ᱜᱞᱳᱴᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ | gawa1247 [᱑] |
ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱜᱚᱣᱟᱨ-ᱵᱟ.ᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱨᱡᱽ ᱢᱚᱨᱜᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱨᱱ (᱑᱙᱒᱖) ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱟᱞ ᱰᱮᱠᱟᱨ (᱑᱙᱙᱒) ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱨᱰᱤᱠ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱰᱟᱨᱰᱤᱠ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱡᱟ. ᱛᱤᱭᱟ. ᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱒]
ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱣᱟᱨ-ᱵᱟᱴᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ:[᱓]
ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ"'
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i iː | u uː | |
Mid | (e) eː | (o) oː | |
Open | a aː |
ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ
Labial | Coronal | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɳ | ||||
Stop | voiceless | p | t | ʈ | k | ||
voiced | b | d | ɖ | ɡ | |||
aspirated | pʰ [pf f] | tʰ | ʈʰ | kʰ | |||
Affricate | voiceless | ts | tʂ | tʃ | |||
voiced | dz | dʐ | dʒ | ||||
aspirated | tsʰ | tʂʰ | tʃʰ | ||||
Fricative | voiceless | s | ʂ | ʃ | x | h | |
voiced | z | ʐ | ʒ | ɣ | |||
Approximant | j | w | |||||
Lateral | plain | l | |||||
Fricative | ɬ ~ l̥ | ||||||
Rhotic | r | ɽ |
ᱚᱨᱛᱷᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱯ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ:[᱔]
Letter | ا | ب | پ | ت | ٹ | ث | ج | چ | ح | خ | ڄ | ݮ | څ | ځ | د | ڈ | ذ | ر | ڑ | ز | ژ | ݫ | س |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transliteration | ā, Ø | b | p | t | ṭ | s | ǰ | č | h | x | c̣ | j̣ | c | j | d | ḍ | z | r | ṛ | z | ẓ | ž | s |
IPA | [aː], Ø | [b] | [p] | [t] | [ʈ] | [s] | [d͡ʒ] | [t͡ʃ] | [h] | [x] | [ʈ͡ʂ] | [ɖ͡ʐ] | [t͡s] | [d͡z] | [d] | [ɖ] | [z] | [r~ɾ] | [ɽ] | [z] | [ʐ] | [ʒ] | [s] |
Letter | ش | ݭ | ص | ض | ط | ظ | ع | غ | ف | ق | ک | گ | ل | ݪ | م | ن | ݨ | ں | ه | ء | و | ی | ے |
Transliteration | š | ṣ | s | z | t | z | ʔ | ǧ | f | q | k | g | l | ł | m | n | ṇ | ˜ | h | ʔ | w, ū, o | y, ī | e |
IPA | [ʃ] | [ʂ] | [s] | [z] | [t] | [z] | [ʔ] | [ɣ] | [f] | [q] | [k] | [ɡ] | [l] | [ɬ~l] | [m] | [n] | [ɳ] | [˜] | [h] | [ʔ] | [w], [uː], [oː] | [j], [iː] | [eː] |
Letter | تھ | پھ | ٹھ | چھ | ڄھ | څھ | کھ | َ | ِ | ُ | |||||||||||||
Transliteration | th | ph | ṭh | čh | c̣h | ch | kh | a | i | u | |||||||||||||
IPA | [tʰ] | [pʰ] | [ʈʰ] | [t͡ʃʰ] | [ʈ͡ʂʰ] | [t͡sʰ] | [kʰ] | [a] | [i] | [u] |
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Gawar-Bati". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
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ignored (help) - ↑ Bashir, en:Elena Bashir (2007). Jain, Danesh; Cardona, George (eds.). The Indo-Aryan languages. p. 905. ISBN 978-0415772945. 'Dardic' is a geographic cover term for those Northwest Indo-Aryan languages which [..] developed new characteristics different from the IA languages of the Indo-Gangetic plain. Although the Dardic and Nuristani (previously 'Kafiri') languages were formerly grouped together, Morgenstierne (1965) has established that the Dardic languages are Indo-Aryan, and that the Nuristani languages constitute a separate subgroup of Indo-Iranian
- ↑ Edelman, D. I. (1983). The Dardic and Nuristani Languages. Moscow: Institut vostokovedenii︠a︡ (Akademii︠a︡ nauk SSSR). p. 139.
- ↑ "Archive copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2023. Retrieved 27 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2023.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)