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[[File:Lepisosteus oculatus.jpg|thumb|Spotted gar]] |
[[File:Lepisosteus oculatus.jpg|thumb|[[Spotted gar]]]] |
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[[File:Alligator Gar 10.JPG|thumb|Alligator gars can grow to more than nine feet long]] |
[[File:Alligator Gar 10.JPG|thumb|[[Alligator gar|Alligator gars]] can grow to more than nine feet long]] |
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'''Gars''' (or garpike) are a type of [[Actinopterygii|ray-finned fish]]. Gars have long bodies that are heavily armoured with scales. Their long jaws have long, sharp teeth.<ref name="natgeo">{{cite web |title=Gars, Gar Pictures, Gar Facts |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/gar/ |website=National Geographic |accessdate=14 June 2019 |date=16 November 2009 |archive-date=19 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719173824/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/gar/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Gar |url=https://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/85750.html |website=Department of Environmental Conservation, New York State |accessdate=14 June 2019}}</ref> All gars are relatively large fish. Some have been reported to be {{convert|3|m|ft}} in length.<ref name="natgeo" /> However, they typically grow to {{convert|2|m|ft}} and weigh over {{convert|45|kg|lb}}. |
'''Gars''' (or garpike) are a type of [[Actinopterygii|ray-finned fish]]. They are part of a group called the [[Lepisosteiformes]]. Gars have long bodies that are heavily armoured with scales. Their long jaws have long, sharp teeth.<ref name="natgeo">{{cite web |title=Gars, Gar Pictures, Gar Facts |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/gar/ |website=National Geographic |accessdate=14 June 2019 |date=16 November 2009 |archive-date=19 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719173824/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/gar/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Gar |url=https://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/85750.html |website=Department of Environmental Conservation, New York State |accessdate=14 June 2019 |archive-date=3 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803173715/https://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/85750.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> All gars are relatively large fish. Some have been reported to be {{convert|3|m|ft}} in length.<ref name="natgeo" /> However, they typically grow to {{convert|2|m|ft}} and weigh over {{convert|45|kg|lb}}. |
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They are carnivores which eat other fish. There are seven species of living gars. Their peak period was in the early [[Mesozoic]]. Once worldwide, they are now confined to the [[Americas]]. |
They are carnivores which eat other fish. There are seven species of living gars. Their peak period was in the early [[Mesozoic]]. Once worldwide, they are now confined to the [[Americas]]. |
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Unusually, their [[swim bladder]]s can function as lungs. Most gars surface once in while to take a gulp of air.<ref>{{cite web |title=Atractosteus spatula |url=https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/discover-fish/species-profiles/atractosteus-spatula/ |website=Florida Museum of Natural History |accessdate=14 June 2019 |date=10 May 2017}}</ref> Gar flesh is edible and the hard skin and scales of gars are used by humans. However, their eggs are highly toxic.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Love |first1=Chad |title=Did you know that gar eggs make you sick? |url=https://www.fieldandstream.com/blogs/fishing/2010/04/did-you-know-gar-eggs-make-you-sick/ |website=Field & Stream |accessdate=14 June 2019 |language=en}}</ref> |
Unusually, their [[swim bladder]]s can function as lungs. Most gars surface once in while to take a gulp of air.<ref>{{cite web |title=Atractosteus spatula |url=https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/discover-fish/species-profiles/atractosteus-spatula/ |website=Florida Museum of Natural History |accessdate=14 June 2019 |date=10 May 2017}}</ref> Gar flesh is edible and the hard skin and scales of gars are used by humans. However, their eggs are highly toxic.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Love |first1=Chad |title=Did you know that gar eggs make you sick? |url=https://www.fieldandstream.com/blogs/fishing/2010/04/did-you-know-gar-eggs-make-you-sick/ |website=Field & Stream |date=23 April 2010 |accessdate=14 June 2019 |language=en}}</ref> |
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== |
==Phylogeny== |
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Gars are the family '''Lepisosteidae'''. This is the only living family in the order '''Lepisosteiformes'''. Most fish are [[teleost]]s, but gars are [[Holostei]]. |
Gars are the family '''Lepisosteidae'''. This is the only living family in the order '''Lepisosteiformes'''. Most fish are [[teleost]]s, but gars are [[Holostei]]. |
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|label1=[[Holostei]] |
|label1=[[Holostei]] |
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|1={{clade |
|1={{clade |
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|1='''Ginglymodi''' ( |
|1='''Ginglymodi''' (gars and their fossil relatives) [[File:Alligator gar fish (white background).jpg|130px]] |
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|2=[[Halecomorphi]] ([[bowfin]] and its fossil relatives) [[File:Amia calva (white background).jpg|130px]] |
|2=[[Halecomorphi]] ([[bowfin]] and its fossil relatives) [[File:Amia calva (white background).jpg|130px]] |
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== |
== Genera == |
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=== Extant === |
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* ''[[Atractosteus]]'' |
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* ''[[Lepisosteus]]'' |
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=== Extinct === |
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* ''[[Nhanulepisosteus]]'' |
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* ''[[Masillosteus]]'' |
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* ''[[Cuneatus]]'' |
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{{commonscat}} |
{{commonscat}} |
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== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q506144}} |
{{Taxonbar|from=Q506144}} |
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{{biology-stub}} |
{{biology-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 17:27, 11 July 2024
Gars (or garpike) are a type of ray-finned fish. They are part of a group called the Lepisosteiformes. Gars have long bodies that are heavily armoured with scales. Their long jaws have long, sharp teeth.[1][2] All gars are relatively large fish. Some have been reported to be 3 metres (9.8 ft) in length.[1] However, they typically grow to 2 metres (6.6 ft) and weigh over 45 kilograms (99 lb).
They are carnivores which eat other fish. There are seven species of living gars. Their peak period was in the early Mesozoic. Once worldwide, they are now confined to the Americas.
Unusually, their swim bladders can function as lungs. Most gars surface once in while to take a gulp of air.[3] Gar flesh is edible and the hard skin and scales of gars are used by humans. However, their eggs are highly toxic.[4]
Phylogeny
[change | change source]Gars are the family Lepisosteidae. This is the only living family in the order Lepisosteiformes. Most fish are teleosts, but gars are Holostei.
| Neopterygii |
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Genera
[change | change source]Extant
[change | change source]Extinct
[change | change source]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lepisosteidae.
References
[change | change source]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Gars, Gar Pictures, Gar Facts". National Geographic. 16 November 2009. Archived from the original on 19 July 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
- ↑ "Gar". Department of Environmental Conservation, New York State. Archived from the original on 3 August 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
- ↑ "Atractosteus spatula". Florida Museum of Natural History. 10 May 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
- ↑ Love, Chad (23 April 2010). "Did you know that gar eggs make you sick?". Field & Stream. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
