List of current heads of state and government
This page lists the national rulers in the world, i.e. heads of state and heads of government (and, in certain cases, de facto leaders not occupying either of those formal positions or prime ministers who are not heads of government ...) of the 195 states usually recognized like that (193 UN members + Vatican City + Taiwan), of 10 other national entities (quasi and unrecognized states), and of 7 in exile and/or alternative governments (only in exile governments that exercised power or succeeded governments that exercised power).
For local rulers, i.e. rulers of dependencies and of the main administrative divisions (autonomous regions, insular or peninsular regions, successors of historical regions or regions with strong identity, regions in the news, etc.) see:
States – A
State | Status | Name | Since |
---|---|---|---|
President | Hamid Karzai [1] | 22 Dec 2001 | |
President | Bujar Nishani | 24 Jul 2012 | |
Prime minister | Sali Berisha [2] | 11 Sep 2005 | |
President | Abdelaziz Bouteflika | 27 Apr 1999 | |
Prime minister | Abdelaziz Belkhadem | 24 May 2006 | |
Coprince (French head of state) | François Hollande | 15 May 2012 | |
Coprinces (bishop of Urgel) | Joan Enric Vives Sicília | 12 May 2003 | |
Personal representative of the French coprince | Sylvie Hubac | May 2012 | |
Personal representative of the episcopal coprince | Nemesi Marquès Oste | 1993 | |
General syndic | Joan Gabriel Estany | 17 May 2005 | |
Head of government | Jaume Bartumeu | 3 June 2009 | |
President | José Eduardo dos Santos [3] | 10 Sep 1979 | |
Prime minister | Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos | 6 Dec 2002 | |
Queen | Elizabeth II | 1 Nov 1981 | |
Governor-general | Louise Lake-Tack | 17 Jul 2007 | |
Prime minister | Baldwin Spencer | 26 Mar 2004 | |
President | Cristina Fernández de Kirchner | 10 Dec 2007 | |
Cabinet chief | Alberto Fernández | 25 May 2003 | |
President | Robert Kocharyan [4] | 4 Feb 1998 | |
Prime minister | Serzh Sarkisyan | 4 Apr 2007 | |
Queen | Elizabeth II | 6 Feb 1952 | |
Governor-general | Quentin Bryce | 5 September 2008 | |
Prime minister | Julia Gillard | 24 June 2010 | |
President | Heinz Fischer | 8 Jul 2004 | |
Chancellor | Werner Faymann | 2 Dec 2008 | |
President | Ilham Aliyev [5] | 31 Oct 2003 | |
Prime minister | Artur Rasizade [6] | 6 Aug 2003 |
States – B
State | Status | Name | Since |
---|---|---|---|
Queen | Elizabeth II | 10 Jul 1973 | |
Governor-general | Arthur Dion Hanna | 1 Feb 2006 | |
Prime minister | Perry Christie [7] | 4 May 2007 | |
King | Sheikh Hamad ibn `Isa Al Khalifah [8] | 14 Feb 2002 | |
Prime minister | Sheikh Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah [9] | 19 Jan 1970 | |
President | Iajuddin Ahmed | 6 Sep 2002 | |
Prime minister | Fakhruddin Ahmed (chief adviser) | 12 Jan 2007 | |
Queen | Elizabeth II | 30 Nov 1966 | |
Governor-general | Sir Clifford Husbands | 1 Jun 1996 | |
Prime minister | Freundel Stuart | 23 Oct 2010 | |
President | Alyaksandr Lukashenka | 20 Jul 1994 | |
Prime minister | Syarhey Sidorski [10] | 10 Jul 2003 | |
King | Albert II | 9 Aug 1993 | |
Prime minister | Guy Verhofstadt | 12 Jul 1999 | |
Queen | Elizabeth II | 21 Sep 1981 | |
Governor-general | Sir Colville Young | 17 Nov 1993 | |
Prime minister | Dean Barrow | 8 Feb 2008 | |
President | Yayi Boni | 6 Apr 2006 | |
King | Jigme Khesar Namgyal Wangchuck | 14 Dec 2006 | |
Prime minister | Lyonpo Kinzang Dorji [11] | 31 Jul 2007 | |
President | Evo Morales | 22 Jan 2006 | |
Chairman of the Presidency of the Republic | Zeljko Komsic [12] | 6 Jul 2007 | |
Prime minister | Nikola Spiric | 11 Jan 2007 | |
International High Representative | Miroslav Lajcák (Slovakia) | 2 Jul 2007 | |
President | Ian Khama | 2008 | |
President | Dilma Rousseff | 1 Jan 2011 | |
Sultan | Sir Hassanal Bolkiah Mu´izzadin Waddaulah | 4 Oct 1967 | |
Prime minister | Sir Hassanal Bolkiah Mu´izzadin Waddaulah | 1 Jan 1984 | |
President | Rosen Plevneliev | 22 Jan 2012 | |
Prime minister | Sergey Stanishev | 16 Aug 2005 | |
President | Blaise Compaoré [13] | 15 Oct 1987 | |
Prime minister | Luc-Adolphe Tiao | 18 Apr 2011 | |
President | Pierre Nkurunziza | 26 Aug 2005 | |
Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council |
Than Shwe [14] | 23 Apr 1992 | |
Prime minister | Thein Sein [15] | Apr 2007 |
States – C
State | Status | Name | Since |
---|---|---|---|
King | Norodom Sihamoni | 14 Oct 2004 | |
Prime minister | Samdech Hun Sen [16] | 14 Jan 1985 | |
President | Paul Biya | 6 Nov 1982 | |
Prime minister | Ephraïm Inoni | 8 Dec 2004 | |
Queen | Elizabeth II | 6 Feb 1952 | |
Governor-general | David Lloyd Johnston | 1 Oct 2010 | |
Prime minister | Stephen Harper | 6 Feb 2006 | |
President | Jorge Carlos Fonseca | 22 Sep 2011 | |
Prime minister | José Maria Neves | 1 Feb 2001 | |
President | François Bozizé | 15 Mar 2003 | |
Prime minister | Faustin Archange Touadéra | 22 Jan 2008 | |
President | Idriss Déby [17] | 15 Mar 2003 | |
Prime minister | Delwa Kassire Koumakoye [18] | 26 Feb 2007 | |
President | Sebastian Pinera | 11 Mar 2011 | |
General secretary of the Communist Party of China | Hu Jintao | 15 Nov 2002 | |
President | Hu Jintao | 15 Mar 2003 | |
Premier | Wen Jiabao | 16 Mar 2003 | |
President | Juan Manuel Santos | 7 Aug 2010 | |
President | Ahmed Abdallah Sambi | 26 May 2006 | |
President | Denis Sassou-Nguesso [19] | 25 Oct 1997 | |
Prime minister | Isidore Mvouba | 7 Jan 2005 | |
President | Joseph Kabila [20] | 17 Jan 2001 | |
Prime minister | Antoine Gizenga [21] | 30 Dec 2006 | |
President | Laura Chinchilla | 8 May 2010 | |
President | Alassane Ouattara | Apr 2011 | |
Prime minister | Guillaume Soro | 4 Apr 2007 | |
President | Stipe Mesic [22] | 18 Feb 2000 | |
Prime minister | Jadranka Kosor | 6 July 2009 | |
First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba | Fidel Castro [23] | Jul 1961 | |
Raúl Castro (acting) | 31 Jul 2006 | ||
President of the Council of State | Fidel Castro | 3 Dec 1976 | |
Raúl Castro (acting) | 31 Jul 2006 | ||
President of the Council of Ministers | Fidel Castro [24] | 16 Feb 1959 | |
Raúl Castro (acting) | 31 Jul 2006 | ||
President | Demetris Christofias | 2008 | |
President | Václav Klaus [25] | 24 Apr 2005 | |
Prime minister | Mirek Topolánek | 4 Sep 2006 |
States – D–F
State | Status | Name | Since |
---|---|---|---|
Queen | Margrethe II | 14 Jan 1972 | |
Prime minister | Helle Thorning-Schmidt | Sep 2011 | |
President | Ismail Omar Guelleh | 8 May 1999 | |
Prime minister | Dileita Mohamed Dileita | 7 Mar 2001 | |
President | Nicholas Liverpool | 2 Oct 2003 | |
Prime minister | Roosevelt Skerrit | 8 Jan 2004 | |
President | Leonel Fernández [26] | 16 Aug 2004 | |
President | Taur Matan Ruak | 20 May 2012 | |
Prime minister | Xanana Gusmão [27] | 8 Aug 2007 | |
President | Rafael Correa | 15 Jan 2007 | |
President | Mohamed Morsi | 30 Jun 2012 | |
Prime minister | Ahmed Nazif | 14 Jul 2004 | |
President | Antonio Saca | 1 Jun 2004 | |
President | Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo [28] | 3 Aug 1979 | |
Prime minister | Vicente Ehate Tomi | 21 May 2012 | |
President | Isaias Afewerki [29] | 29 May 1991 | |
President | Toomas Hendrik Ilves | 9 Oct 2006 | |
Prime minister | Andrus Ansip | 13 Apr 2005 | |
President | Girma Wolde-Giorgis | 8 Oct 2001 | |
Prime minister | Meles Zenawi [30] | 23 Aug 1995 | |
President | Ratu Josefa Iloilo [31] | 18 Jul 2000 | |
Prime minister | Voreqe Bainimarama [32] | 5 Jan 2007 | |
President | Sauli Niinistö | 1 Mar 2012 | |
Prime minister | Jyrki Katainen | 22 June 2011 | |
President | François Hollande | 15 May 2012 | |
Prime minister | Jean-Marc Ayrault | 16 May 2012 |
States – G–H
State | Status | Name | Since |
---|---|---|---|
President | Ali Ben Bongo | 2009 | |
Prime minister | Jean Eyeghe Ndong | 20 Jan 2006 | |
President | Yahya Jammeh [33] | 22 Jul 1994 | |
President | Mikheil Saakashvili [34] | 20 Jan 2008 | |
Prime minister | Vano Merabishvili | 4 Jul 2012 | |
President | Christian Wulff | 30 June 2010 | |
Chancellor | Angela Merkel | 22 Nov 2005 | |
President | John Atta Mills | 7 Jan 2009 | |
President | Karolos Papoulias | 12 Mar 2005 | |
Prime minister | Kostas Karamanlis | 10 Mar 2004 | |
Queen | Elizabeth II | 7 Feb 1974 | |
Governor-general | Sir Daniel Williams | 9 Aug 1996 | |
Prime minister | Keith Mitchell | 22 Jun 1995 | |
President | Otto Pérez Molina | 14 Jan 2012 | |
President | Lansana Conté [35] | 3 Apr 1984 | |
Prime minister | Lansana Kouyaté | 1 Mar 2007 | |
President | Raimundo Pereira [36] | 2 Mar 2009 | |
Prime minister | Carlos Gomes Júnior | 2 Jan 2009 | |
President | Bharrat Jagdeo [37] | 11 Aug 1999 | |
Prime minister | Sam Hinds [38] | 13 Apr 2007 | |
President | René Préval [39] | 14 May 2006 | |
Prime minister | Michèle Pierre-Louis | 5 Sep 2008 | |
President | Manuel Zelaya | 27 Jan 2006 | |
President | Pál Schmitt | 6 Aug 2010 | |
Prime minister | Viktor Orban | May 2010 |
States – I–K
State | Status | Name | Since |
---|---|---|---|
President | Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson | 1 Aug 1996 | |
Prime minister | Johanna Sigurdardottir | 1 Feb 2009 | |
President | Pratibha Patil | 25 Jul 2007 | |
Prime minister | Manmohan Singh | 22 May 2004 | |
President | Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono | 20 Oct 2004 | |
Leader | Ayatollah Ali Khamenei | 25 Jul 2007 | |
President | Mahmoud Ahmadinejad | 3 Aug 2005 | |
President | Jalal Talabani | 7 Apr 2005 | |
Prime minister | Nuri al-Maliki | 20 May 2006 | |
President | Mary McAleese | 11 Nov 1997 | |
Prime minister | Enda Kenny | 9 Mar 2011 | |
President | Shimon Peres [40] | 15 Jul 2007 | |
Prime minister | Benjamin Netanyahu[41] | 31 Mar 2009 | |
President | Giorgio Napolitano | 15 May 2006 | |
President of the Council of Ministers | Mario Monti | 16 Nov 2011 | |
Queen | Elizabeth II | 6 Aug 1962 | |
Governor-general | Kenneth Hall | 15 Feb 2006 | |
Prime minister | Bruce Golding | 11 Sep 2007 | |
Emperor | Akihito | 7 Jan 1989 | |
Prime minister | Yoshihiko Noda | 2 Sep 2011 | |
King | Abdullah II | 7 Feb 1999 | |
Prime minister | Fayez al-Tarawneh | 2 May 2012 | |
President | Nursultan Nazarbayev [42] | 24 Apr 1990 | |
Prime minister | Karim Masimov | 10 Jan 2007 | |
President | Mwai Kibaki | 30 Dec 2002 | |
President | Anote Tong | 10 Jul 2003 | |
Chairman of the National Defense Commission [43] | Kim Jong Il | 8 Jul 1994 | |
General secretary of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea |
Kim Jong Il | 8 Oct 1997 | |
Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly |
Kim Yong Nam | 5 Sep 1998 | |
Chairman of the Council of Ministers | Kim Yong Il | 11 Apr 2007 | |
President | Roh Moo Hyun [44] | 25 Feb 2003 | |
Prime minister | Han Duck Soo [45] | 2 Apr 2007 | |
Emir | Sheikh Sabah Al Ahmad Al Jabir Al Sabah [46] | 29 Jan 2006 | |
Prime minister | Sheikh Nasser Muhammad Al Ahmad Al Sabah | 7 Feb 2006 | |
President | Roza Otunbayeva | 3 Jul 2010 | |
Prime minister | Igor Chudinov | 24 Dec 2007 |
States – L
State | Status | Name | Since |
---|---|---|---|
General secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party | Choummaly Sayasone | 21 Mar 2006 | |
President | Choummaly Sayasone | 8 Jun 2006 | |
Chairman of the Council of Ministers | Bouasone Bouphavanh | 8 Jun 2006 | |
President | Valdis Zatlers | 8 Jul 2007 | |
Prime minister | Aigars Kalvitis [47] | 2 Dec 2004 | |
President | Fouad Siniora (acting) [48] | 24 Nov 2007 | |
Prime minister | Fouad Siniora | 19 Jul 2005 | |
King | Letsie III [49] | 7 Feb 1996 | |
Prime minister | Tom Thabane | 8 Jun 2012 | |
President | Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf | 16 Jan 2006 | |
Governing Council | National Transitional Council | 20 Oct 2011 | |
Sovereign prince | Hans-Adam II [50] | 13 Nov 1989 | |
Prince Alois (regent) | 15 Aug 2004 | ||
Head of government | Otmar Hasler | 5 Apr 2001 | |
President | Dalia Grybauskaite | 12 Jul 2009 | |
Prime minister | Gediminas Kirkilas | 4 Jul 2006 | |
Grand Duke | Henri [51] | 7 Oct 2000 | |
Prime minister | Jean-Claude Juncker | 20 Jan 1995 |
States – M
State | Status | Name | Since |
---|---|---|---|
President | Branko Crvenkovski | 12 May 2004 | |
Prime minister | Nikola Gruevski | 27 Aug 2006 | |
President | Marc Ravalomanana | 22 Feb 2002 | |
Prime minister | Charles Rabemananjara | 20 Jan 2007 | |
President | Bingu wa Mutharika | 24 May 2004 | |
Paramount ruler | Mizan Zainal Abidin [52] | 13 Dec 2006 | |
Prime minister | Najib Tun Razak | 3 April 2009 | |
President | Maumoon Abdul Gayoom | 11 Nov 1978 | |
President | Amadou Toumani Touré [53] | 8 Jun 2002 | |
Prime minister | Modibo Sidibé | 28 Sep 2007 | |
President | George Abela | 4 Apr 2009 | |
Prime minister | Lawrence Gonzi | 23 Mar 2004 | |
President | Litokwa Tomeing | 7 Jan 2008 | |
President | Sidi Mohamed Ould Cheikh Abdallahi | 19 Apr 2007 | |
Prime minister | Zeine Ould Zeidane | 20 Apr 2007 | |
President | Sir Anerood Jugnauth [54] | 7 Aug 2003 | |
Prime minister | Navin Ramgoolam [55] | 5 Jul 2005 | |
President | Felipe Calderón | 1 Dec 2006 | |
President | Manny Mori | 11 May 2007 | |
President | Vladimir Voronin | 7 Apr 2001 | |
Prime minister | Vasile Tarlev | 19 Apr 2001 | |
Prince | Albert II [56] | 6 Apr 2005 | |
Minister of state | Jean-Paul Proust | 1 Jun 2005 | |
President | Nambaryn Enkhbayar | 24 Jun 2005 | |
Prime minister | Sanj Bayar | 22 Nov 2007 | |
President | Filip Vujanovic [57] | 22 May 2003 | |
Prime minister | Sanj Bayar | 22 Nov 2007 | |
King | Muhammad VI | 23 Jul 1999 | |
Prime minister | Abbas El Fassi | 19 Sep 2007 | |
President | Armando Guebuza [58] | 2 Feb 2005 | |
Prime minister | Luisa Diogo | 17 Feb 2004 |
States – N–R
State | Status | Name | Since |
---|---|---|---|
President | Hifikepunye Pohamba | 21 Mar 2005 | |
Prime minister | Nahas Angula | 21 Mar 2005 | |
President | Marcus Stephen | 19 Dec 2007 | |
President | Ram Baram Yadav | 21 Jul 2008 | |
Prime minister | Girija Prasad Koirala [59] | 30 Apr 2006 | |
Queen | Beatrix of the Netherlands | 30 Apr 1980 | |
Prime minister | Mark Rutte | 14 Oct 2010 | |
Queen | Elizabeth II | 6 Feb 1952 | |
Governor-general | Anand Satyanand | 23 Aug 2006 | |
Prime minister | John Key | 19 Nov 2008 | |
President | Daniel Ortega [60] | 10 Jan 2007 | |
President | Mamadou Tandja | 22 Dec 1999 | |
Prime minister | Seyni Oumarou | 7 Jun 2007 | |
President | Goodluck Jonathan | 6 May 2010 | |
King | Harald V [61] | 17 Jan 1991 | |
Prime minister | Jens Stoltenberg [62] | 7 Jun 2007 | |
Sultan | Qabus ibn Sa`id | 23 Jul 1970 | |
Prime minister | Qabus ibn Sa`id | 2 Jan 1972 | |
President | Asif Ali Zardari | Sep 2008 | |
Prime minister | Raja Pervaiz Ashraf | 22 Jun 2012 | |
President | Johnson Toribiong | 15 Jan 2009 | |
President | Ricardo Martinelli | 1 Jul 2009 | |
Queen | Elizabeth II | 16 Sep 1975 | |
Governor-general | Sir Paulias Matane | 29 Jun 2004 | |
Prime minister | Sir Peter O'Neill [63] | 2 Aug 2011 | |
President | Fernando Lugo | 15 Aug 2008 | |
President | Alan García [64] | 28 Jul 2006 | |
Prime minister | Jorge del Castillo | 28 Jul 2006 | |
President | Benigno Aquino III | 30 Jun 2010 | |
President | Bronislaw Komorowski | 7 Aug 2010 | |
Prime minister | Donald Tusk | 16 Nov 2007 | |
President | Aníbal Cavaco Silva | 9 Mar 2006 | |
Prime minister | Pedro Passos Coelho | 21 June 2011 | |
Emir | Sheikh Hamad ibn Khalifah Al Thani | 27 Jun 1995 | |
Prime minister | Sheikh Hamad ibn Jassim ibn Jabr Al Thani | 3 Apr 2007 | |
President | Traian Basescu [65] | 20 Dec 2004 | |
Prime minister | Victor Ponta | 7 May 2012 | |
President | Vladimir Putin | 7 May 2012 | |
Prime minister | Dmitry Medvedev | 7 May 2012 | |
President | Paul Kagame [66] | 24 Mar 2000 | |
Prime minister | Bernard Makuza | 8 Mar 2000 |
States – S
State | Status | Name | Since |
---|---|---|---|
Queen | Elizabeth II | 19 Sep 1983 | |
Governor-general | Sir Cuthbert Sebastian | 1 Jan 1996 | |
Prime minister | Denzil Douglas | 7 Jul 1995 | |
Queen | Elizabeth II | 22 Feb 1979 | |
Governor-general | Dame Pearlette Louisy | 17 Sep 1997 | |
Prime minister | Stephenson King [67] | 1 May 2007 | |
Queen | Elizabeth II | 27 Oct 1979 | |
Governor-general | Sir Frederick Ballantyne | 2 Sep 2002 | |
Prime minister | Ralph Gonsalves | 29 Mar 2001 | |
Head of state | Tuiatua Tupua Tamasese Efi [68] | 20 Jun 2007 | |
Prime minister | Tuilaepa Sailele Malielegaoi | 23 Nov 1998 | |
Captains-regent | Mirko Tomassoni | 1 Oct 2007 | |
Alberto Selva | 1 Oct 2007 | ||
President | Fradique de Menezes [69] | 23 Jul 2003 | |
Prime minister | Tomé Vera Cruz | 21 Apr 2006 | |
King | Abdullah [70] | 1 Aug 2005 | |
Prime minister | Abdullah | 1 Aug 2005 | |
President | Abdoulaye Wade | 1 Apr 2000 | |
Prime minister | Cheikh Hadjibou Soumaré | 19 Jun 2007 | |
President | Tomislav Nikolić | 31 May 2012 | |
Prime minister | Ivica Dačić | 27 Jul 2012 | |
President | James Michel | 14 Apr 2004 | |
President | Ernest Bai Koroma | 17 Sep 2007 | |
President | Tony Tan Keng Yam | 1 Sep 2011 | |
Prime minister | Lee Hsien Loong | 12 Aug 2004 | |
President | Ivan Gasparovic | 15 Jun 2004 | |
Prime minister | Robert Fico | 4 Apr 2012 | |
President | Danilo Türk | 22 Dec 2007 | |
Prime minister | Janez Jansa | 9 Nov 2004 | |
Queen | Elizabeth II | 7 Jul 1978 | |
Governor-general | Sir Nathaniel Waena | 7 Jul 2004 | |
Prime minister | Gordon Darcy Lilo | 16 Nov 2011 | |
President | Sharif Sheikh Ahmed [71] | 31 Jan 2009 | |
Prime minister | Nur Hassan Hussein | 24 Nov 2007 | |
President | Jacob Zuma | 9 May 2009 | |
King | Juan Carlos I [72] | 22 Nov 1975 | |
Prime minister | José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero | 17 Apr 2004 | |
President | Salva Kiir Mayardit | 9 July 2011 | |
President | Mahinda Rajapakse [73] | 19 Nov 2005 | |
Prime minister | Ratnasiri Wickremanayake [74] | 21 Nov 2005 | |
President | Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir [75] | 30 Jun 1989 | |
President | Desi Bouterse | 12 Aug 2010 | |
Vice president [76] | Ram Sardjoe | 12 Aug 2005 | |
King | Mswati III | 25 Apr 1986 | |
Prime minister | Themba Dlamini | 26 Nov 2003 | |
King | Carl XVI Gustaf | 15 Sep 1973 | |
Prime minister | Fredrik Reinfeldt | 6 Oct 2006 | |
President [77] | Pascal Couchepin | 1 Jan 2008 | |
President | Bashar al-Assad | 17 Jul 2000 | |
Prime minister | Muhammad Naji al-Otari | 10 Sep 2003 |
States – T
State | Status | Name | Since |
---|---|---|---|
President | Chen Shui-bian | 20 May 2000 | |
President of the Executive Yuan | Chang Chun-hsiung [78] | 21 May 2007 | |
President | Emomalii Rakhmon [79] | 19 Nov 1992 | |
Prime minister | Akil Akilov | 20 Dec 1999 | |
President | Jakaya Kikwete | 21 Dec 2005 | |
Prime minister | Edward Lowassa | 30 Dec 2005 | |
King | Bhumibol Adulyadej | 9 Jun 1946 | |
Prime minister | Yingluck Shinawatra | 5 Aug 2011 | |
President | Faure Gnassingbé [80] | 4 May 2005 | |
Prime minister | Komlan Mally | 6 Dec 2007 | |
King | Tupou VI | 18 Mar 2012 | |
Prime minister | Sialeʻataongo Tuʻivakanō [81] | 22 Dec 2010 | |
President | Maxwell Richards | 17 Mar 2003 | |
Prime minister | Patrick Manning [82] | 24 Dec 2001 | |
Acting President | Fouad Mebazaa | 15 Jan 2011 | |
Prime minister | Mohamed Ghannouchi | 17 Nov 1999 | |
President | Abdullah Gül | 28 Aug 2007 | |
Prime minister | Recep Tayyip Erdogan | 14 Mar 2003 | |
President | Gurbanguly Berdymukhammedov [83] | 21 Dec 2006 | |
Queen | Elizabeth II | 1 Oct 1978 | |
Governor-general | Sir Filoimea Telito | 15 Apr 2005 | |
Prime minister | Apisai Ielemia | 14 Aug 2006 |
States – U–Z
State | Status | Name | Since |
---|---|---|---|
President | Yoweri Museveni [84] | 26 Jan 1986 | |
Prime minister | Apolo Nsibambi | 5 Apr 1999 | |
President | Viktor Yanukovich | 25 Feb 2010 | |
Prime minister | Yuliya Tymoshenko [85] | 18 Dec 2007 | |
President | Sheikh Khalifa ibn Zaid Al Nahayan | 3 Nov 2004 | |
Prime minister | Sheikh Muhammad ibn Rashid Al Maktum | 5 Jan 2006 | |
Queen | Elizabeth II | 6 Feb 1952 | |
Prime minister | David Cameron | 11 May 2010 | |
President | Barack Obama | 20 Jan 2009 | |
President | José Mujica | 1 Mar 2010 | |
President | Islam Karimov [86] | 24 Mar 1990 | |
Prime minister | Shavkat Mirziyayev | 11 Dec 2003 | |
President | Kalkot Mataskelekele | 16 Aug 2004 | |
Prime minister | Ham Lini | 11 Dec 2004 | |
Sovereign | Benedictus XVI | 19 Apr 2005 | |
Secretary of state | Tarcisio Cardinal Bertone | 15 Sep 2006 | |
President | Hugo Chávez [87] | 14 Apr 2002 | |
Executive vice-president | Ramón Carrizalez | 6 Jan 2008 | |
General secretary of the Communist Party | Nong Duc Manh | 22 Apr 2001 | |
President | Nguyen Minh Triet | 27 Jun 2006 | |
Prime minister | Nguyen Tan Dung | 27 Jun 2006 | |
President | Ali Abdullah Saleh [88] | 22 May 1990 | |
Prime minister | Ali Muhammad Mujawar | 7 Apr 2007 | |
President | Rupiah Banda | 2008 | |
President | Robert Mugabe [89] | 31 Dec 1987 |
Quasi states
State | Status | Name | Since |
---|---|---|---|
Prefect of Kosovo district | Srdjan Vasic | 28 Sep 2004 | |
Administrator [90] | Joachim Rücker (Germany) | 1 Sep 2006 | |
President | Atifete Jahjaga | 7 Apr 2011 | |
Prime minister | Hashim Thaçi | 9 Jan 2008 | |
Grand master | Fra' Giacomo Dalla Torre (acting) | 7 Feb 2008 | |
Grand chancellor | Jean-Pierre Mazery [92] | 3 Nov 2004 | |
President | Mahmoud Abbas | 15 Jan 2005 | |
Prime minister | Salam Fayyad [94] | 17 Jun 2007 | |
President | Mohamed Abdelaziz [96] | 30 Aug 1976 | |
Prime minister | Abdelkader Taleb Oumar | 29 Oct 2003 |
De facto independent states
State | Status | Name | Since |
---|---|---|---|
President | Sergey Bagapsh | 12 Feb 2005 | |
Prime minister | Aleksandr Ankvab | 14 Feb 2005 | |
President | Igor Smirnov [97] | 2 Sep 1990 | |
President | Bako Sahakyan | 7 Sep 2007 | |
Prime minister | Araik Arutyunyan | 14 Sep 2007 | |
President | Derviş Eroğlu [98] | 23 Apr 2010 | |
Prime minister | İrsen Küçük | 17 May 2010 | |
President | Dahir Riyale Kahin | 3 May 2002 | |
President | Eduard Kokoyty | 18 Dec 2001 | |
Prime minister | Yury Morozov | 5 Jul 2005 |
Govenments in exile/alternative governments
State | Status | Name | Since |
---|---|---|---|
Chairman of the Supreme Council | Temur Mzhavia | 16 Mar 2004 | |
Prime minister | Malkhaz Akishbaya | 21 Mar 2006 | |
Chairman of the Rada | Ivonka Survilla | 1997 | |
Prime minister acting as president | Kalev Ots [100] | 28 Nov 2003 | |
Acting prime minister | Ahti Mänd | 7 Dec 2003 | |
Emir | Doku Umarov [101] | 7 Oct 2007 | |
President | Frans L.J. Tutuhatunewa [102] | 10 Apr 1993 | |
President | Dmitry Sanakoyev | 1 Dec 2006 | |
Prime minister | Uruzmag Karkusov | 7 Dec 2006 | |
Dalai Lama | Tenzin Gyatso [104] | 25 Aug 1939 | |
Chairman of the Cabinet | Samdhong Rinpoche | 5 Sep 2001 |
Notes
- ↑ Chairman of the Interim Administration to 19 Jun 2002.
- ↑ Previously president from 9 Apr 1992 to 24 Jul 1997.
- ↑ Acting to 21 Sep 1979.
- ↑ Acting to 9 Apr 1998.
- ↑ In Azeri, "İlham Əliyev".
- ↑ In Azeri, "Artur Rasizadə". Acting for Aliyev to 4 Nov 2003. Previously prime minister from 20 Jul 1996 to 4 Aug 2003 (acting to 26 Nov 1996)
- ↑ Previously from 21 Aug 1992 to 3 May 2002.
- ↑ Emir from 6 Mar 1999 to 14 Feb 2002.
- ↑ President of the State Council to 16 Aug 1971.
- ↑ Acting to 19 Dec 2003.
- ↑ Previously from 14 Aug 2002 to 30 Aug 2003.
- ↑ The presidency is tripartite: the members are Željko Komšić (Croatian, since 6 Nov 2006), Nebojša Radmanović (Serb, since 6 Nov 2006), Haris Silajdžić (Bosniak, since 6 Nov 2006).
- ↑ President of Popular Front (from 31 Oct 1987 also Head of State) to 24 Dec 1991.
- ↑ Chairmen of the State Law and Order Restoration Council to 15 Nov 1997.
- ↑ Acting to 24 Oct 2007 (for Soe Win to 12 Oct 2007).
- ↑ Prime minister to 2 Jul 1993, coequal prime minister from 2 Jul 1993 to 21 Sep 1993, second prime minister from 21 Sep 1993 to 30 Nov 1998.
- ↑ From 26 Jan 2006, Idriss Déby Itno. President of Patriotic Salvation Movement 2–4 Dec 1990, Head of State 4 Dec 1990 – 4 Mar 1991).
- ↑ Previously from 6 Nov 1993 to 8 Apr 1995.
- ↑ De facto in control from 15 Oct 1997. Previously member of the Military Committee of the Congolese Labour Party (18 Mar – 3 Apr 1977) and president from 8 Feb 1979 to 31 Aug 1992 (Head of State to 14 Aug 1979).
- ↑ Interim to 26 Jan 2001.
- ↑ Previously president from 31 Mar 1961 to 5 Aug 1961 (Head of State, in rebellion, at Stanleyville) and prime minister from 13 Dec 1960 to 5 Aug 1961 (in rebellion, at Stanleyville).
- ↑ Previously prime minister from 30 May to 24 Aug 1990. Also president of the Collective Presidency of Yugoslavia (1 Jul – 3 Oct 1991).
- ↑ Communist Party of Cuba = to 26 Mar 1962, Integrated Revolutionary Organizations (ORI); 26 Mar 1962 – 3 Oct 1965, United Party of the Cuban Socialist Revolution (PUSC).
- ↑ Premier from 16 Feb 1959 to 2 Dec 1976.
- ↑ Previously acting president (1 Jan – 2 Feb 1993).
- ↑ Previously from 16 Aug 1996 to 16 Aug 2000.
- ↑ Previously president from 20 May 2002 to 20 May 2007.
- ↑ Chairman Revolutionary Military Council to 25 Aug 1979, chairman Supreme Military Council 25 Aug 1979 – 12 Oct 1982.
- ↑ Secretary-general of the Provisional Government to 24 May 1993.
- ↑ Previously president (interim) from 28 May 1991 to 22 Aug 1995.
- ↑ Interim to 15 Mar 2001. From 5 Dec 2006 to 4 Jan 2007, Voreqe Bainimarama is acting president for suspended Iloilo.
- ↑ Interim. Previously acting president from 5 Dec 2006 to 4 Jan 2007.
- ↑ Chairman Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council to 28 Sep 1996; Head of State to 18 Oct 1996.
- ↑ Previously from 25 Jan 2004 to 25 Nov 2007.
- ↑ Chairman Military Committee of National Restoration to 5 Apr 1984.
- ↑ Acting.
- ↑ Previously prime minister from 9 Aug 1999 to 11 Aug 1999.
- ↑ Previously president from 6 Mar 1997 to 19 Dec 1997, and prime minister from 9 Oct 1992 to 17 Mar 1997 and from 22 Dec 1997 to 9 Aug 1999.
- ↑ Previously prime minister from 13 Feb 1991 to 11 Oct 1991 and president from 7 Feb 1996 to 7 Feb 2001.
- ↑ Previously prime minister from 22 Apr 1977 to 21 Jun 1977 (acting), from 14 Sep 1984 to 20 Oct 1986, and from 4 Nov 1995 to 18 Jun 1996 (acting to 22 Nov 1995).
- ↑ Previously prime minister, 18 June 1996 – 6 July 1999
- ↑ Previously first secretary of the Communist Party of the Kazakh S.S.R. (22 Jun 1989 – 28 Aug 1991), Chairman of the Supreme Soviet (22 Feb 1990 – 24 Apr 1990), chairman of the Council of Ministers (27 Jul 1989 – 14 Oct 1991).
- ↑ Declared "the highest post of the state" 5 Sep 1998.
- ↑ From 12 Mar 2004 to 14 May 2004, Goh Kun is acting president for suspended Roh. On 19 Dec 2007, Lee Myung Bak is elected president.
- ↑ Previously acting prime minister from 14 Mar 2006 to 19 Apr 2006.
- ↑ Prime minister from 13 Jul 2003 to 7 Feb 2006.
- ↑ On Dec 5 hands in his resignation. On Dec 14 Ivars Godmanis is asked to form a new cabinet.
- ↑ A presidential election is scheduled on 11 Feb 2008.
- ↑ Previously from 12 Nov 1990 to 25 Jan 1995.
- ↑ Regent from 26 Aug 1984 to 13 Nov 1989.
- ↑ Regent from 3 Mar 1998 to 7 Oct 2000.
- ↑ Previously from 21 Nov 2001 to 13 Dec 2001 (acting).
- ↑ Previously from 26 Mar 1991 to 8 Jun 1992 (chairman National Reconciliation Council to 31 Mar 1991, then chairman Transitional Committee for the Salvation of the People).
- ↑ Previously prime minister from 16 Jun 1982 to 22 Dec 1995 and from 17 Sep 2000 to 30 Sep 2003.
- ↑ Previously from 22 Dec 1995 – 17 Sep 2000.
- ↑ Regent from 31 Mar 2005 to 6 Apr 2005.
- ↑ Previously prime minister (5 Feb 1998 – 8 Jan 2003) and acting president (25 Nov 2002 – 19 May 2003).
- ↑ Previously member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of FRELIMO acting as president (19 Oct 1986 – 6 Nov 1986).
- ↑ Previously from 26 May 1991 to 30 Nov 1994, from 15 Apr 1998 to 31 May 1999, and from 22 Mar 2000 to 26 Jul 2001.
- ↑ Previously member of the Government Junta of National Reconstruction (18 Jul 1979 – 10 Jan 1985 ; coordinator from 4 Mar 1981) and president from 10 Jan 1985 to 25 Apr 1990.
- ↑ Crown Prince Haakon regent from 25 Nov 2003 to 13 Apr 2004 and from 29 Mar 2005 to 7 Jun 2005.
- ↑ Previously from 17 Mar 2000 to 19 Oct 2001.
- ↑ Previously prime minister from 27 Apr 1972 to 11 Mar 1980 (chief minister to 16 sep 1975) and from 2 Aug 1982 to 21 Nov 1985.
- ↑ Previously from 28 Jul 1985 to 28 Jul 1990.
- ↑ From 20 Apr to 23 May 2007, Nicolae Vacaroiu is acting for suspended Basescu.
- ↑ Acting to 22 Apr 2000.
- ↑ Acting to 9 Sep 2007.
- ↑ Previously member of the council of deputies acting as head of state (11 May – 20 Jun 2007).
- ↑ Previously from 3 Sep 2001 to 16 Jul 2003.
- ↑ Previously regent (1 Jan – 21 Feb 1996).
- ↑ In Nairobi exile to 13 Jun 2005, from 26 Jul 2005 in Jowhar, from 26 Feb 2006 in Baidoa, from 8 Jan 2007 in Mogadishu.
- ↑ Previously acting head of state (19 Jul – 2 Sep 1974 and 30 Oct – 20 Nov 1975).
- ↑ Previously prime minister from 6 Apr 2004 to 21 Nov 2005.
- ↑ Previously from 10 Aug 2000 to 9 Dec 2001.
- ↑ President of Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation to 16 Oct 1993.
- ↑ Chairing the Council of Ministers ex officio.
- ↑ The presidency (Federal Council) is collegial, the president of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year. The members of the Federal Council are Moritz Leuenberger (since 1 Nov 1995), Pascal Couchepin (since 1 Apr 1999), Samuel Schmid (since 1 Jan 2001), Micheline Calmy-Rey (since 1 Jan 2003), Hans-Rudolf Merz (since 1 Jan 2004, vice-president of the Confederation for 2008), Doris Leuthard (since 1 Aug 2006), Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf (since 1 Jan 2008).
- ↑ Previously from 6 Oct 2000 to 1 Feb 2002.
- ↑ Acting to 27 Nov 1992; chairman Supreme Council 27 Nov 1992 – 16 Nov 1994.
- ↑ Previously from 5 to 25 Feb 2005 (acting to 21)
- ↑ Acting to 22 Dec 2010.
- ↑ Previously from 17 Dec 1991 to 9 Nov 1995.
- ↑ Acting to 14 Feb 2007.
- ↑ Commander National Resistance Army to 29 Jan 1986.
- ↑ Previously from 24 Jan 2005 to 8 Sep 2005.
- ↑ Previously first secretary of the Communist Party of the Uzbek S.S.R. (23 Jun 1989 – 3 Nov 1991).
- ↑ Previously from 2 Feb 1999 to 12 Apr 2002.
- ↑ Chairman Presidential Council to 1 Oct 1994. Previously president of North Yemen (18 Jul 1978 – 22 May 1990).
- ↑ Previously prime minister (18 Apr 1980 – 31 Dec 1987).
- ↑ Head of United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo.
- ↑ Though without a territory since 1798, the Sovereign Military Order of Malta still regards itself, and is regarded by several states that give it diplomatic recognition, as a sovereign state.
- ↑ Acting to 16 Apr 2005.
- ↑ Palestinian Authority created to administer most of Gaza Strip and parts of West Bank (Jericho area handed over 13 May 1994, Gaza Strip 18 May 1994, Jenin 13 Nov 1995, Tulkarem 10 Dec 1995, Nablus 11 Dec 1995, Qalqilya 16 Dec 1995, Bethlehem 21 Dec 1995, Ramallah 27 Dec 1995, 80% of Hebron 17 Jan 1997).
- ↑ Ismail Haniya, prime minister from 29 Mar 2006 to 14 Jun 2007, continues in rebellion in Gaza.
- ↑ The Saharan Arab Democratic Republic is currently recognized by about 60 countries. Morocco retains de facto control..
- ↑ Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council to 16 Oct 1982).
- ↑ From 2 Sep 1990 to 1 Dec 1991, chairman of the (to 29 Nov 1990, Provisional) Supreme Soviet; from Dec 1990 chairman of the republic.
- ↑ Previously prime minister from 13 Jan 2004 to 26 Apr 2005.
- ↑ Pro-Georgian government (in Tbilisi).
- ↑ Previously acting prime minister from 15 Sep 1992 to 28 Nov 2003.
- ↑ Previously president from 17 Jun 2006 to 7 Oct 2007.
- ↑ In Netherlands exile.
- ↑ Alternative government.
- ↑ 14th Dalai Lama. From 31 Mar 1959 in exile (from 1 May 1960 in Dharamsala, India).