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Baoding

Coordinates: 38°52′26″N 115°27′50″E / 38.874°N 115.464°E / 38.874; 115.464
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the county in Hainan, see Baoting. For other uses, see Baoding (disambiguation).
Baoding
保定市
Paoting
Prefecture-level city
Clockwise from top: Skyline of Baoding, Great Wall on Mount Baishi, Lotus Pool, Zhili Governor's Office, Xiong'an New Area, St. Peter and St. Paul Cathedral
Nickname: 
Boot-Shaped City (靴城)
Map
Location of Baoding City jurisdiction in Hebei
Location of Baoding City jurisdiction in Hebei
Baoding is located in Hebei
Baoding
Baoding
Location of the city centre in Hebei
Baoding is located in Northern China
Baoding
Baoding
Baoding (Northern China)
Baoding is located in China
Baoding
Baoding
Baoding (China)
Coordinates (Baoding municipal government): 38°52′26″N 115°27′50″E / 38.874°N 115.464°E / 38.874; 115.464
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceHebei
County-level divisions5 districts
4 county-level cities
15 counties
Township-level divisions28 subdistricts
142 towns
170 townships
3 ethnic townships
Settled477
Established1925
Government
 • TypePrefecture level city
 • BodyBaoding City People's Congress
Area
[1]
 • Prefecture-level city22,185 km2 (8,566 sq mi)
 • Urban
[2]
326 km2 (126 sq mi)
 • Metro
1,840 km2 (710 sq mi)
Elevation
25 m (83 ft)
Highest elevation
2,286 m (7,500 ft)
Lowest elevation
7 m (23 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[3]
 • Prefecture-level city11,544,036
 • Density520/km2 (1,300/sq mi)
 • Urban
6,425,944
 • Urban density20,000/km2 (51,000/sq mi)
 • Metro
2,549,787
 • Metro density1,400/km2 (3,600/sq mi)
GDP[4]
 • Prefecture-level cityCN¥ 408.7 billion
US$ 52.9 billion
 • Per capitaCN¥ 28,648
US$4,600
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
071000
Area code0312
ISO 3166 codeCN-HE-06
License plate prefixes冀F
Websitewww.baoding.gov.cn
Baoding
Chinese保定
Literal meaning"protect (the capital) and stabilize (the territory)"
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinBǎodìng
Wade–GilesPao2-ting1
IPA[pàʊtîŋ]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanizationbou2 ding6
JyutpingBou-ding
IPA[pɔw˧˥tɪŋ˨]

Baoding is a prefecture-level city in central Hebei province, approximately 150 kilometres (93 mi) southwest of Beijing. As of the 2020 census, Baoding City had 11,544,036 inhabitants, of which 2,549,787 lived in the metropolitan area made of 4 out of 5 urban districts: Lianchi, Jingxiu, Qingyuan, and Mancheng all of which are largely conurbated.[1] Baoding is among 13 Chinese cities with a population of over 10 million, ranking seventh.[5] Zhuozhou City in the northern part has now grown into part of the Beijing metro area.[citation needed]

Baoding was the capital of Zhili Province and the residence of the Viceroy of Zhili in the Qing dynasty, and was the capital of Hebei province until 1968, and is now a national historical and cultural city and one of the central cities in the Jing-Jin-Ji cluster,[6] with the Xiong'an new area located within its jurisdiction.

Name

[edit]

The city's name, Baoding (Chinese: 保定),[7][8] dates back to the Song and Yuan dynasties, the name is roughly interpreted as "protecting the capital", referring to the city's proximity to Beijing.

History

[edit]

Baoding has a history dating back to the Western Han Dynasty.

Prehistory

[edit]

The Nanzhuangtou site near Baiyang Lake is one of the earliest Neolithic site discovered in North China, dating back approximately 10,500–9,700 years.[9] Other Neolithic sites in Baoding include Diaoyutai and Beifudi.

Early history

[edit]

During the Warring States period, what is now Baoding was along the dividing line between the Yan and Zhao states.

One of the capitals of Yan during this period, Xiadu, is located in what is now Yi County, and from 400 to 300 BC may have been the largest cities in the world, with an estimated population of over 300,000. [10]

Imperial era

[edit]

In 960 the Song dynasty established the Bao prefecture ("Baozhou") with the administrative office in Baosai County (modern Baoding). [11] This lasted until 1241, when the Mongol Empire (who conquered the Jin dynasty in 1234) abolished it, incorporating Baozhou into the Central Region.

In the year 1213 the Mongol army invaded and destroyed Baozhou, leaving it in ruins until it was reconstructed in 1227 during the Yuan dynasty. The region acquired the name "Baoding" in 1275.

In 1669, Baoding became the capital of Zhili, ruled over by a Viceroy until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912.

In 1902, Yuan Shikai, then Viceroy, established the Baoding Military Academy.

Contemporary history

[edit]

On August 1, 1949, the People's Government of Hebei province was established, Baoding was the capital of the province, and the city of Baoding was a provincial municipality. On August 9, the administrative inspector's office of the Baoding district was established, and it was established as the administrative inspector's office of the county district.

In May 1958, the capital of Hebei was moved to Tianjin, then back to Baoding in January 1966, to Shijiazhuang in February 1968. In December 1994, the Baoding area merged with Baoding to become a provincial city.

In April 2017, the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and the State Council announced the decision to transform Baoding's Xiong, Rongcheng, and Anxin counties into Xiong'an New Area, a new development area of national significance, with a focus on innovation, sustainability and quality of life, following the successes of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and Shanghai's Pudong New Area.

Geography

[edit]

Baoding is located in the west-central portion of Hebei province and lies on the North China Plain, with the Taihang Mountains to the west. Bordering prefecture-level cities in the province are Zhangjiakou to the north, Langfang and Cangzhou to the east, and Shijiazhuang and Hengshui to the south. Baoding also borders Beijing to the northeast and Shanxi to the west.

Elevations in Baoding's administrative area decrease from northwest to southeast. The western parts are dominated by mountains and hills that are generally more than 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) tall; this area includes parts of Laishui, Yi, Mancheng, Shunping, Tang, and Fuping Counties as well as the entirety of Laiyuan County, occupying 30.6% of the prefecture's area.[1] The highest peak is Mount Waitou (歪头山), with an elevation of 2,286 metres (7,500 ft).[1] Moving southeast from this area, one encounters low-lying mountains and hills, taking up 18.9% of the prefecture's area.[1] Further to the east lies generally flat terrain of 30 to 100 metres (98 to 330 ft) elevation. Here the primary rivers are the Xiaoyi River (孝义河), Fu River (府河), Bao River(瀑河), Ping River(萍河), Juma River(拒马河), Yishui River (易水河), Tang River (唐河), Cao River(漕河), Zhulong River(潴龙河), Qingshui River (清水河), and Sha River (沙河)s.[12] Baiyangdian Lake, the largest natural lake in northern China, can be found nearby.

Climate

[edit]

Baoding has a continental, monsoon-influenced humid continental climate/semi-arid climate (Köppen Dwa/BSk),[13] characterised by hot, humid summers due to the East Asian monsoon, and generally cold, windy, very dry winters that reflect the influence of the vast Siberian anticyclone. Spring can bear witness to sandstorms blowing in from the Mongolian steppe, accompanied by rapidly warming, but generally dry, conditions. Autumn is similar to spring in temperature and lack of rainfall. The annual rainfall, about 60% of which falls in July and August alone, is highly variable and not reliable. In the city itself, this amount has averaged to a meagre 496.1 millimetres (19.5 in) per annum. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −2.7 °C (27.1 °F) in January to 27.1 °C (80.8 °F) in July, and the annual mean is 13.3 °C (55.9 °F). There are 2,500 to 2,900 hours of bright sunshine annually, and the frost-free period lasts 165−210 days.

Climate data for Baoding (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 17.5
(63.5) 		23.1
(73.6) 		30.7
(87.3) 		33.8
(92.8) 		38.1
(100.6) 		41.9
(107.4) 		41.6
(106.9) 		37.7
(99.9) 		34.3
(93.7) 		31.1
(88.0) 		23.9
(75.0) 		17.4
(63.3) 		41.9
(107.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2.7
(36.9) 		6.9
(44.4) 		14.1
(57.4) 		21.5
(70.7) 		27.4
(81.3) 		31.7
(89.1) 		32.2
(90.0) 		30.6
(87.1) 		26.7
(80.1) 		20.0
(68.0) 		10.7
(51.3) 		4.1
(39.4) 		19.0
(66.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −2.8
(27.0) 		0.9
(33.6) 		7.8
(46.0) 		15.1
(59.2) 		21.1
(70.0) 		25.7
(78.3) 		27.3
(81.1) 		25.8
(78.4) 		20.9
(69.6) 		13.8
(56.8) 		5.2
(41.4) 		−1.0
(30.2) 		13.3
(56.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −7.2
(19.0) 		−3.8
(25.2) 		2.2
(36.0) 		9.2
(48.6) 		15.0
(59.0) 		20.2
(68.4) 		23.0
(73.4) 		21.8
(71.2) 		16.1
(61.0) 		8.9
(48.0) 		1.0
(33.8) 		−4.9
(23.2) 		8.5
(47.2)
Record low °C (°F) −22.0
(−7.6) 		−15.7
(3.7) 		−14.8
(5.4) 		−3.2
(26.2) 		5.5
(41.9) 		10.7
(51.3) 		13.4
(56.1) 		12.6
(54.7) 		5.7
(42.3) 		−2.3
(27.9) 		−11.6
(11.1) 		−23.3
(−9.9) 		−23.3
(−9.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 2.2
(0.09) 		5.0
(0.20) 		8.9
(0.35) 		24.1
(0.95) 		33.8
(1.33) 		68.1
(2.68) 		153.0
(6.02) 		108.5
(4.27) 		54.5
(2.15) 		24.2
(0.95) 		12.2
(0.48) 		2.0
(0.08) 		496.5
(19.55)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 1.5 2.2 2.9 4.7 6.2 8.4 11.8 11.0 6.7 4.8 3.3 1.3 64.8
Average snowy days 3.0 2.3 0.9 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.6 2.9 10.9
Average relative humidity (%) 55 50 47 51 55 59 72 77 71 66 65 59 61
Mean monthly sunshine hours 143.9 156.4 206.7 225.9 251.7 209.8 174.7 179.9 183.4 171.4 140.0 137.3 2,181.1
Percent possible sunshine 47 51 55 57 57 47 39 43 50 50 47 47 49
Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[14][15]all-time extreme temperature[16]
Source 2: Weather China[17]

Administrative divisions

[edit]

Bǎodìng prefecture-level city consists of 5 municipal districts, 4 county-level cities, 15 counties:

Map
Division code[18] English name Simp. Chinese Pinyin Area in km2[19] Seat Postal code Divisions[20]
Subdistricts Towns Townships Ethnic townships Residential communities (居委会) Villages (村委会)
130600 Baoding 保定市 Bǎodìng Shì 22185 Jingxiu District 071000 31 207 105 2 514 6184
130602 Jingxiu District 竞秀区 Jìngxiù Qū 149 Xianfeng Subdistrict (先锋街道) 071000 5 2 4 81 71
130603 Lianchi District 莲池区 Liánchí Qū 82 Wusi Road Subdistrict (五四路街道) 071000 10 2 5 151 120
130605 Mancheng District 满城区 Mǎnchéng Qū 658 Mancheng Town (满城镇) 072100 1 6 6 16 183
130606 Qingyuan District 清苑区 Qīngyuàn Qū 856 Qingyuan (清苑镇) 071100 13 5 14 266
130607 Xushui District 徐水区 Xúshuǐ Qū 723 Ansu (安肃镇) 072500 10 4 28 304
130633 Yi County 易县 Yì Xiàn 2535 Yizhou (易州镇) 074200 11 16 1 10 469
130630 Laiyuan County 涞源县 Láiyuán Xiàn 2431 Laiyuan (涞源镇) 074300 10 7 8 283
130626 Dingxing County 定兴县 Dìngxīng Xiàn 714 Dingxing (定兴镇) 072600 9 7 23 274
130636 Shunping County 顺平县 Shùnpíng Xiàn 712 Puyang (蒲阳镇) 072200 6 4 4 237
130627 Tang County 唐县 Táng Xiàn 1414 Renhou (仁厚镇) 072300 11 9 8 345
130631 Wangdu County 望都县 Wàngdū Xiàn 358 Wangdu (望都镇) 072400 7 1 10 142
130623 Laishui County 涞水县 Láishuǐ Xiàn 1662 Laishui (涞水镇) 074100 12 3 6 284
130628 Gaoyang County 高阳县 Gāoyáng Xiàn 496 Gaoyang (高阳镇) 071500 1 7 11 149
130632 Anxin County 安新县 Ānxīn Xiàn 728 Anxin (安新镇) 071600 9 4 5 223
130638 Xiong County 雄县 Xióng Xiàn 513 Xiongzhou (雄州镇) 071800 8 4 7 287
130629 Rongcheng County 容城县 Róngchéng Xiàn 311 Rongcheng (容城镇) 071700 5 3 4 127
130634 Quyang County 曲阳县 Qūyáng Xiàn 1076 Hengzhou (恒州镇) 073100 11 16 10 367
130624 Fuping County 阜平县 Fùpíng Xiàn 2494 Fuping (阜平镇) 073200 8 5 5 209
130637 Boye County 博野县 Bóyě Xiàn 331 Boye (博野镇) 071300 7 11 133
130635 Li County 蠡县 Lǐ Xiàn 653 Liwu (蠡吾镇) 071400 11 2 7 232
130682 Dingzhou City 定州市 Dìngzhōu Shì 1284 Nanchengqu Subdistrict (南城区街道) 073000 4 16 5 1 31 470
130681 Zhuozhou City 涿州市 Zhuōzhōu Shì 751 Shuangta Subdistrict (双塔街道) 072700 3 10 1 39 402
130683 Anguo City 安国市 Ānguó Shì 485 Qizhouyaoshi Subdistrict (祁州药市街道) 071200 2 6 3 6 198
130684 Gaobeidian City 高碑店市 Gāobēidiàn Shì 674 Xinghua Road Subdistrict (兴华路街道) 074000 5 10 19 409
  Xiong'an New Area 雄安新区 Xióng'ān Xīnqū 106.46 Rongcheng (容城镇)
Note: Baoding New High Technology Product Development Zone (保定高新技术产业开发区) includes Damafang Township (大马坊乡) of Jingxiu District and Jiantai Township (贤台乡) of Mancheng District; the Baigou New City (白沟新城) includes Baigou Town (白沟镇) of Gaobeidian City.
Map including Baoding and surrounding region (NIMA, 1998)

Demographics

[edit]
Baoding City Demographics
Division name
Residence population[21] (November 2010) Hukou population[22]
(end of 2010)
Total Ratio (%) Population density (persons/km2)
Baoding City 11,194,379 100 504.55 11610199
Xinshi District 482,768 4.31 2540.88 459038
Beishi District 387,339 3.46 5164.52 322205
Nanshi District 287,784 2.57 2877.84 279725
Mancheng District 387,307 3.46 615.75 411417
Qingyuan District 631,659 5.64 728.56 648645
Laishui County 339,063 3.03 204.50 352993
Fuping County 205,299 1.83 82.28 223846
Xushui County 563,030 5.03 778.74 586104
Dingxing County 517,873 4.63 725.31 585913
Tang County 529,066 4.73 373.37 590575
Gaoyang County 345,160 3.08 695.89 340163
Rongcheng County 258,179 2.31 822.23 265389
Laiyuan County 260,678 2.33 106.49 283537
Wangdu County 250,014 2.23 781.29 265525
Anxin County 437,378 3.91 604.11 440817
Yi County 537,564 4.80 212.14 570806
Quyang County 588,559 5.26 542.95 610065
Li County 505,574 4.52 775.42 532322
Shunping County 295,764 2.64 417.75 317484
Boye County 245,504 2.19 741.70 268941
Xiong County 359,506 3.21 686.08 375470
Zhuozhou City 603,535 5.39 813.39 645542
Dingzhou City 1,165,182 10.41 914.59 1214852
Anguo City 370,314 3.31 761.96 409834
Gaobeidian City 640,280 5.72 938.83 608991
Note: The 58,709 people residing in Baoding High Technology Product Development Zone and the 124,274 in the Baigou New City are not listed separately.

According to the 2010 Census, the residence population stood at 11,194,382, an increase of 605,100 (5.71%) from 2000. The male-female ratio was 101.94:100. Children aged up to 14 numbered 1,915,800 (17.11% of the population), citizens 15 to 64 numbered 8,370,600 (74.78%), and 65+ numbered 908,000 (8.11%). The urban area of Baoding made of 5 urban Districts had a population of around 2,739,887 (2010 census). The overwhelming majority of the population is Han Chinese. The language of Baoding is Mandarin Chinese — specifically, the Baoding dialect of Ji-Lu Mandarin. Despite Baoding's proximity to Beijing, the Chinese spoken in Baoding is not particularly close to the Beijing dialect — rather, it is more closely related to Tianjin dialect.

Economy

[edit]

Baoding is located in the centre of the Bohai Rim economic area which includes Beijing, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang. One of the largest employers in Baoding is China Lucky Film, the largest photosensitive materials and magnetic recording media manufacturer in China.[23] And, Yingli group, 2010 World Cup sponsor, has its headquarters in Baoding, who is the Global Top 10 solar panel manufacturer. More renowned companies include ZhongHang HuiTeng Windpower Equipment Co., Ltd (Wind Turbine), Baoding Tianwei Group Co., Ltd (Transformer), and Great Wall Motor.

In April 2017, an area in Baoding was designated as a Xiong'an New Area, a development zone of initially 100 km2 and up to 2000 km2, the site of what will eventually be a new city and the hub of the Beijing-Tinajin-Hebei development area.

  • Baoding High-tech Industrial Development Zone[24]

Great Wall Motors Company Limited is a Chinese automobile manufacturer headquartered in Baoding, Hebei, China. The company is named after the Great Wall of China and was formed in 1984. It is China's largest sport utility vehicle (SUV) and pick-up truck producer. It sells passenger cars and trucks under the Great Wall brand and SUVs under the Haval and WEY brands.

In 2016, Great Wall Motors set a historical sales record of 1,074,471 cars worldwide, increased by 26% compared to 2015.

Renewable energy

[edit]

Baoding City has one of China's biggest plants which manufactures blades used in wind turbine generators, catering mainly to the domestic market. Tianwei Wind Power Technology is one of the three main plants in Baoding that produces wind turbine generators. It wheeled out its first 20 turbines in 2008, and it will produce 150 units in 2009 and another 500 in 2010. Nevertheless, Baoding is currently listed as the most polluted city in China.[25]

Transport

[edit]
Bus line 1 near Baoding Railway Station

Baoding has good connections to other cities, being located on one of the main routes in and out of Beijing. The Jingshi Expressway connects the two cities, and Baoding is also the western terminus of the Baojin Expressway linking Baoding with Tianjin, which is one out of two nearest ports (Huanghua is the other one). The Jingguang Railway provides frequent services to Beijing West railway station. On 30 December 2012, a new Baoding station was opened, while the old train station was closed for passengers.[26] Baoding East railway station lies 9.5 km (5.9 mi)to the east on the Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong high-speed railway. On October 1, 2018, the east square of Baoding Railway Station was officially put into use, and the east station building of the railway station was also opened at the same time.[27]

Military

[edit]

Baoding is headquarters of the 38th Mechanized Group Army of the People's Liberation Army, one of the three group armies that comprise the Beijing Military Region responsible for defending the PRC capital.[citation needed]

Culture

[edit]
Baoding balls
Qi Yi Zhong Road in Baoding

Perhaps the best-known item to supposedly originate in Baoding are Baoding Balls, which can be used to relax one's keyboard hand and strengthen one's wrist. The most famous local specialty food is the Donkey Burger (Chinese: 驴肉火烧).

Anxin County is home to the Quantou Village Music Association (圈头村音乐会), a well known traditional music group performing on guan (oboes), sheng (mouth organs), and percussion. The village of Quantou is located on an island in Lake Baiyangdian.

The city's streets follow a rough grid pattern, although this is less obvious in the older part of the city. The traditional main street of old Baoding is Yuhua Road, running from the city's centre to its eastern edge — most of Baoding's historic buildings are located in this area, along with some of its larger shopping centres. Other major streets include Dongfeng Road and Chaoyang Avenue. There is a ring road around the city.

Baoding is home to Hebei University, North China Electric Power University with other 3 universities and 12 colleges.

Historic sites

[edit]
A courtyard in the mansion of the governor of Zhili

Baoding contains a number of notable historic sites. In the city proper, there can be found a historic provincial governor's mansion and an ancient lotus garden. In the hills to the northwest of the city, near the suburb of Mancheng, there are the Mancheng Han Tombs, where Prince Liu Sheng and his wife Dou Wan were buried.

The greater Baoding administrative area has 16 designated state-level cultural relics:

  1. Yan State Capital Relics (475BC-221BC, Yixian County)
  2. Great Wall at Zijinguan Pass (1368–1644, Yixian County and Laiyuan County)
  3. Stele of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching (618-907, Yixian County)
  4. Western Qing Tombs (1730–1915, Yixian County)
  5. Geyuan Temple (916-1125, Laiyuan County)
  6. Ciyun Pavilion (1306, Dingxing County)
  7. Yicihui Stone Pillar (550-577, Dingxing County)
  8. Kaiyuan Temple (960-1127, Dingzhou County)
  9. Kaishan Temple (618-907, Gaobeidian County)
  10. Dingzhou Porcelain Kiln Relic (960-1127, Quyang County)
  11. Beiyue Temple (386-543, Quyang County)
  12. Jin-cha-ji Border Region Headquarters Ruins (1938, Fuping County)
  13. Ranzhuang Underground Tunnel (1937–1945, Qingyuan County)
  14. Mancheng Han Tombs (154BC-113BC, Mancheng County)
  15. Zhili Provincial Governor Office (1730–1911, Baoding)
  16. Historical Site of the Baoding Military Academy (1902–1923)

Notable people

[edit]

Sister cities

[edit]

Baoding is twinned with:[29]

[edit]
  • Images from Baoding
  • Temple in the centre of old Baoding
    Temple in the centre of old Baoding
  • Dongfeng Road, Baoding
    Dongfeng Road, Baoding
  • Part of Yuhua Road, the main street of old Baoding
    Part of Yuhua Road, the main street of old Baoding
  • Arch on Yuhua Road, old Baoding
    Arch on Yuhua Road, old Baoding
  • An intersection in Yuhua Road's shopping district
    An intersection in Yuhua Road's shopping district
  • The Wanbo Tower in a sunny afternoon, Baoding CBD
    The Wanbo Tower in a sunny afternoon, Baoding CBD
  • A civic monument
    A civic monument
  • A public park
    A public park
  • A public park
    A public park
  • Baoding Cathedral
    Baoding Cathedral
  • Baoding Railway Station
    Baoding Railway Station
  • Baoding East Railway Station for High-Speed Rail Trains
    Baoding East Railway Station for High-Speed Rail Trains
  • Baoding city buses before 2007
    Baoding city buses before 2007
  • Baoding in the evening
    Baoding in the evening
  • Old Baoding railway station
    Old Baoding railway station
  • Old Baoding railway station
    Old Baoding railway station
  • Baoding Old Quarter
    Baoding Old Quarter
  • Skylines in Baoding CBD
    Skylines in Baoding CBD
  • Closer look at the Wanbo Tower in a sunny day
    Closer look at the Wanbo Tower in a sunny day
  • Closer look at the Maoye Tower in a sunny day, Baoding CBD
    Closer look at the Maoye Tower in a sunny day, Baoding CBD
  • The Wanbo Plaza at night, Baoding CBD
    The Wanbo Plaza at night, Baoding CBD
  • The Wanbo Plaza at night, Baoding CBD
    The Wanbo Plaza at night, Baoding CBD
  • The Wanbo Plaza at night, Baoding CBD
    The Wanbo Plaza at night, Baoding CBD

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e 概况 (in Chinese). Baoding People's Government. Archived from the original on 27 April 2011. Retrieved 20 May 2011.
  2. ^ a b Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, ed. (2019). China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017. Beijing: China Statistics Press. p. 46. Archived from the original on 18 June 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  3. ^ "China: Hébĕi (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de.
  4. ^ 河北省统计局、国家统计局河北调查总队. 《河北经济年鉴－2018》. 中国统计出版社. ISBN 978-7-5356-7824-9. Archived from the original on 2020-03-26. Retrieved 2019-07-11.
  5. ^ 最新中国城市人口数量排名（根据2010年第六次人口普查）. www.elivecity.cn. 2012. Archived from the original on 2015-03-03. Retrieved 2014-05-28.
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