bever
English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle English biveren, beveren (“to tremble”), frequentative form of Old English beofian, bifian (“to tremble, be moved, shake, quake”), from Proto-Germanic *bibāną (“to quake, shiver”). Cognate with West Frisian bibberje (“to shiver”), Dutch bibberen (“to shiver, quiver”), Low German beveren (“to shiver”), German Low German bevern (“to tremble”), German bibbern (“to shiver”). related also to Dutch beven (“to quake”), German beben (“to quake, tremble”), Swedish bäva (“to quake, tremble”), Icelandic bifa (“to budge, be moved”), Latin foedus (“disgusting, shocking, abominable, heinous”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (UK) IPA(key): /ˈbɛvə(ɹ)/,[1][2] (dialectally) /ˈbɪvə(ɹ)/[1]
- (Scotland) IPA(key): /ˈbɛ(ː)vəɹ/
- (Scotland) Rhymes: -ɛvəɹ
Verb
[edit]bever (third-person singular simple present bevers, present participle bevering, simple past and past participle bevered)
- (intransitive) To tremble; shake; quiver; shiver.
- 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte D'Arthur, page 25:
- Wherefore King Ban and King Bors made them ready, and dressed their shields and harness, and they were so courageous that many knights shook and bevered for eagerness.
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bever (plural bevers)
- Alternative spelling of bevor
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene:
- And, passing forward with furious affret, / Pierst through his bever and quite into his brow.
- 1635, L. I. [pseudonym; John Lechmere], “The Third Argument was about the Killing Letter; out of Origen, […]”, in The Relection of a Conference Tovching the Reall Presence. Or A Bachelovrs Censvre of a Masters Apologie for Doctour Featlie, Douai: Lavrence Kellam, →OCLC, page 333:
- He who lookes you in the face, ſaith he ſees you, though the reſt of your bodie be within your cloathes, and if you, being an ὁωλομάχος a cataphract in your proteſtantiſh πανοπλία [panoplía, suit of armour] should for fear pull downe your beuer before you come into the liſt, your Aduerſarie for all that might light vpon your ( ) vnleſſe you bring with you Giges his ring, ſo to make your ſelf inuiſible; [...]
- 1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 8:
- Some close helmets have a farther improvement called a bever, the bever when closed covers the mouth and chin, and either lifts up by revolving on the same pivots as the visor, or lets down by means of two or more pivots on each side near the jaws, in which case the bever consists of several laminæ or plates, one shutting over the other.
Etymology 3
[edit]From Middle English bever, from Anglo-Norman bever (modern French boire), from Latin bibō.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈbiːvə/[2]
Audio (Southern England): (file) - (General American) enPR: bēʹvər, IPA(key): /ˈbivɚ/
- Rhymes: -iːvə(ɹ)
- Homophones: beaver, Belvoir, bevor
Noun
[edit]bever (countable and uncountable, plural bevers)
- (obsolete) A drink.
- 1625, John Fletcher, Philip Massinger, “The Elder Brother. A Comedy.”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1679, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
- Bid my subsiser carry my hackney to the buttery, and give him his bever; it is a civil and sober beast, and will drink moderately.
- (now rare, archaic) A snack or light refreshment between meals.
- 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 2, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:
- It seemeth that wee daily shorten the use of this, and that in our houses (as I have seene in mine infancie) breakfasts, nunchions, and beavers [translating collations] should be more frequent and often used than now adayes they are.
- 1604, Christopher Marlowe, Dr. Faustus:
- Thirty meals a day and ten bevers.
- 1980, Anthony Burgess, Earthly Powers:
- Very softly I boiled water, made a sandwich from the remains of the luncheon roast chicken, scalded the Twining creature. Then I softly carried my bever to the study on a tray […].
- (obsolete) A time for drinking.
- (obsolete) A mixture of cider and water.
Related terms
[edit]Verb
[edit]bever (third-person singular simple present bevers, present participle bevering, simple past and past participle bevered)
- (obsolete) To take a light repast between meals.
Etymology 4
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bever (plural bevers)
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Joseph Wright, editor (1898), “BEVER”, in The English Dialect Dictionary: […], volume I (A–C), London: Henry Frowde, […], publisher to the English Dialect Society, […]; New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons, →OCLC.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Oxford English Dictionary, 1884–1928, and First Supplement, 1933.
Anagrams
[edit]Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Dutch bēver, from Old Dutch *bevar, from Proto-Germanic *bebruz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰébʰrus.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bever m (plural bevers, diminutive bevertje n)
- A beaver, rodent of the genus Castor.
- (particularly) The European beaver, Castor fiber.
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Afrikaans: bewer
Anagrams
[edit]Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]bever
- (transitive, of one's head) to knock (into something -ba/-be)
- A kisfiú véletlenül beverte a fejét az asztalba. ― The little boy accidentally knocked his head into the table.
- (transitive, of nails) to drive in (-ba/-be)
- Beverte a szögeket a falba. ― S/he drove the nails into the wall.
Conjugation
[edit]Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | beverek | beversz | bever | beverünk | bevertek | bevernek | |
Def. | beverem | bevered | beveri | beverjük | beveritek | beverik | |||
2nd-p. o. | beverlek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | bevertem | bevertél | bevert | bevertünk | bevertetek | bevertek | ||
Def. | bevertem | beverted | beverte | bevertük | bevertétek | beverték | |||
2nd-p. o. | bevertelek | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. be fog verni. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | beverék | beverél | bevere | beverénk | beverétek | beverének | ||
Def. | beverém | beveréd | beveré | beverénk | beverétek | beverék | |||
2nd-p. o. | beverélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. bever vala, bevert vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | beverendek | beverendesz | beverend | beverendünk | beverendetek | beverendenek | ||
Def. | beverendem | beverended | beverendi | beverendjük | beverenditek | beverendik | |||
2nd-p. o. | beverendelek | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | bevernék | bevernél | beverne | bevernénk | bevernétek | bevernének | |
Def. | beverném | bevernéd | beverné | bevernénk (or bevernők) |
bevernétek | bevernék | |||
2nd-p. o. | bevernélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. bevert volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | beverjek | beverj or beverjél |
beverjen | beverjünk | beverjetek | beverjenek | |
Def. | beverjem | beverd or beverjed |
beverje | beverjük | beverjétek | beverjék | |||
2nd-p. o. | beverjelek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. bevert légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | beverni | bevernem | beverned | bevernie | bevernünk | bevernetek | beverniük | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
beverés | beverő | bevert | beverendő | beverve (bevervén) | beveret | ||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem ver be or be is ver. |
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | beverhetek | beverhetsz | beverhet | beverhetünk | beverhettek | beverhetnek | |
Def. | beverhetem | beverheted | beverheti | beverhetjük | beverhetitek | beverhetik | |||
2nd-p. o. | beverhetlek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | beverhettem | beverhettél | beverhetett | beverhettünk | beverhettetek | beverhettek | ||
Def. | beverhettem | beverhetted | beverhette | beverhettük | beverhettétek | beverhették | |||
2nd-p. o. | beverhettelek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | beverheték | beverhetél | beverhete | beverheténk | beverhetétek | beverhetének | ||
Def. | beverhetém | beverhetéd | beverheté | beverheténk | beverhetétek | beverheték | |||
2nd-p. o. | beverhetélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. beverhet vala, beverhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | beverhetendek or beverandhatok |
beverhetendesz or beverandhatsz |
beverhetend or beverandhat |
beverhetendünk or beverandhatunk |
beverhetendetek or beverandhattok |
beverhetendenek or beverandhatnak | ||
Def. | beverhetendem or beverandhatom |
beverhetended or beverandhatod |
beverhetendi or beverandhatja |
beverhetendjük or beverandhatjuk |
beverhetenditek or beverandhatjátok |
beverhetendik or beverandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | beverhetendelek or beverandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | beverhetnék | beverhetnél | beverhetne | beverhetnénk | beverhetnétek | beverhetnének | |
Def. | beverhetném | beverhetnéd | beverhetné | beverhetnénk (or beverhetnők) |
beverhetnétek | beverhetnék | |||
2nd-p. o. | beverhetnélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. beverhetett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | beverhessek | beverhess or beverhessél |
beverhessen | beverhessünk | beverhessetek | beverhessenek | |
Def. | beverhessem | beverhesd or beverhessed |
beverhesse | beverhessük | beverhessétek | beverhessék | |||
2nd-p. o. | beverhesselek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. beverhetett légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (beverhetni) | (beverhetnem) | (beverhetned) | (beverhetnie) | (beverhetnünk) | (beverhetnetek) | (beverhetniük) | ||
Positive adjective | beverhető | Neg. adj. | beverhetetlen | Adv. part. | (beverhetve / beverhetvén) | ||||
The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem verhet be or be is verhet. |
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- bever in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- bever in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
Ladino
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin bibō, bibere.
Verb
[edit]bever (Latin spelling)
- to drink
Middle Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Dutch *bevar, from Proto-Germanic *bebruz.
Noun
[edit]bēver m
Inflection
[edit]This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “bever”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “bever”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Middle English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Old English befer, from Proto-West Germanic *bebru, from Proto-Germanic *bebruz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰébʰrus.
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Early Middle English) IPA(key): /ˈbøːvər/
- IPA(key): /ˈbɛːvər/
Noun
[edit]bever (plural bevers)
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “bēver, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-04-23.
Etymology 2
[edit]Borrowed from Anglo-Norman bever (modern French boire), from Latin bibō.
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bever (plural bevers)
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- English: bever
References
[edit]- “bēver, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-04-23.
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Low German bever (compare with Dutch bever, German Biber and English beaver). The word replaced Old Norse bjórr (compare with Norwegian Nynorsk bjor).
Noun
[edit]bever m (definite singular beveren, indefinite plural bevere or bevre or bevrer, definite plural beverne or bevrene)
- a beaver (aquatic mammal)
- En bever kan veie opptil 40 kg.
- A beaver can weigh up to 40 kg.
- a beaver's fur
- Kåpen er av bever.
- The coat is made of beaver fur.
- a 6- to 8-year-old member of the Scouts
References
[edit]- “bever” in The Ordnett Dictionary
- “bever” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
- Article in Store norske leksikon ("great Norwegian encyclopedia") on beavers.
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Low German bever (compare Dutch bever, German German Biber and English beaver). The word replaced Old Norse bjórr (compare Norwegian Nynorsk bjor).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bever m (definite singular beveren, indefinite plural beverar, definite plural beverane)
- beaver (aquatic mammal), a roden of the genus Castor, specifically the European beaver, Castor fiber
- Ein bever kan vege opptil 40 kg.
- A beaver can weigh up to 40 kg.
- a beaver's fur
- Kåpa er av bever.
- The coat is made of beaver fur.
- a 6- to 8-year-old member of the Scouts
Synonyms
[edit]References
[edit]- “bever” in The Ordnett Dictionary
- “bever” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
- Article in Store norske leksikon ("great Norwegian encyclopedia") on beavers.
Occitan
[edit]Verb
[edit]bever
- Alternative form of beure
Conjugation
[edit]This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Old French
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]see beivre
Verb
[edit]bever
- Alternative form of beivre
Conjugation
[edit]This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | bever | aveir beü | |||||
gerund | en bevant | gerund of aveir + past participle | |||||
present participle | bevant | ||||||
past participle | beü | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | bef | bes | bet | bevons | bevez | bevent |
imperfect | beveie | beveies | beveit | beviiens, beviens | beviiez, beviez | beveient | |
preterite | bevi | bevis | bevi | bevimes | bevistes | bevirent | |
future | bevrai | bevras | bevra | bevrons | bevreiz, bevrez | bevront | |
conditional | bevreie | bevreies | bevreit | bevriiens, bevriens | bevriiez, bevriez | bevreient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of aveir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of aveir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of aveir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of aveir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of aveir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | beve | beves | beve | bevons | bevez | bevent |
imperfect | bevisse | bevisses | bevist | bevissons, bevissiens | bevisseiz, bevissez, bevissiez | bevissent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of aveir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of aveir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | bef | — | bevons | bevez | — |
Etymology 2
[edit]Of Germanic origin, from Frankish *bebru. More at English beaver.
Noun
[edit]bever oblique singular, m (oblique plural bevers, nominative singular bevers, nominative plural bever)
- beaver (mammal)
Old Galician-Portuguese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]bever
- to drink
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | simple | bever | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | infinitive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
gerund | simple | bevendo | |||||||
compound | gerund of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
past participle | singular | plural | |||||||
masculine | bevudo, bevido | bevuda, bevida | |||||||
feminine | bevudos, bevidos | bevudas, bevidas | |||||||
present participle | bevente | beventes | |||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative mood | eu ei |
tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
simple tenses |
present | bevo | beves | beve | bevemos | bevedes | beven | ||
imperfect | bevia | bevias | bevia | beviamos, bevíamos | beviades, bevíades | bevian | |||
preterite | bevi, bevin | beveste, beviste, bevesche, bevische, beveche, beviche | beveu, beveo, bevio | bevemos | bevestes | beveron | |||
pluperfect | bevera | beveras | bevera | beveramos, bevêramos | beverades, bevêrades | beveran | |||
future | beverei | beverás | beverá | beveremos | beveredes | beverán | |||
conditional | beveria | beverias | beveria | beveriamos, beveríamos | beveriades, beveríades | beverian | |||
compound tenses |
present perfect | present of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | |||||||
present imperfect | imperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
past anterior | preterite of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
pluperfect | simple pluperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
future perfect | future of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
subjunctive mood | eu ei |
tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
simple tenses |
present | beva | bevas | beva | bevamos | bevades | bevan | ||
preterite | bevesse | bevesses | bevesse | bevêssemos | bevêssedes | bevessen | |||
future | bever | beveres | bever | bevermos | beverdes | beveren | |||
compound tenses |
present perfect | present subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | |||||||
pluperfect | preterite subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
future perfect | future subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
imperative mood | — | tu | vossa mercee | nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
— | |||
affirmative | — | beve, bevi | beva | bevamos | bevede | — | |||
negative | — | bevas | beva | bevamos | bevades | — | |||
personal infinitive | eu ei |
tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
bever | beveres | bever | bevermos | beverdes | beveren | ||||
1 Its alternative spelling, aver, can be used as well. 2 Teer and ter were used too, though all 3 were less common than forms of "haver". |
Descendants
[edit]Old Spanish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Verb
[edit]bever (first-person singular present bevo, first-person singular preterite beví, past participle bevido)
- to drink
- c. 1275, Alfonso X, General Estoria, primera parte, (published by Pedro Sánchez Prieto-Borja, 2002, Alcalá de Henares: Universidad de Alcalá de Henares):
- E respusol ella: - Beve, mio señor, cuanto quisieres. […] Pues que vós avedes bevido daré agora a vuestros camellos fasta que todos bevan cuanto quisieren
- And she replied to him, "Drink, milord, as much as you want." […] And so, since you have taken drink, I shall now give some to your camels, until all drink however much they want.
Descendants
[edit]- Spanish: beber
Romansch
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin bibō, bibere.
Verb
[edit]bever
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/ɛvəɹ
- Rhymes:English/ɛvəɹ/2 syllables
- English lemmas
- English verbs
- English intransitive verbs
- English terms with quotations
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₃-
- English terms derived from Anglo-Norman
- English terms derived from Latin
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/iːvə(ɹ)
- Rhymes:English/iːvə(ɹ)/2 syllables
- English terms with homophones
- English uncountable nouns
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English terms with rare senses
- English terms with archaic senses
- English obsolete forms
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Dutch/eːvər
- Rhymes:Dutch/eːvər/2 syllables
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -s
- Dutch masculine nouns
- nl:Rodents
- Hungarian verbs prefixed with be-
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛr
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛr/2 syllables
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian verbs
- Hungarian transitive verbs
- Hungarian verbs taking -ba/-be
- Hungarian terms with usage examples
- Ladino terms derived from Latin
- Ladino lemmas
- Ladino verbs
- Ladino verbs in Latin script
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch lemmas
- Middle Dutch nouns
- Middle Dutch masculine nouns
- dum:Rodents
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman
- Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman
- Middle English terms derived from Latin
- Middle English terms with rare senses
- Late Middle English
- enm:Beverages
- enm:Fabrics
- enm:Hides
- enm:Rodents
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Middle Low German
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples
- nb:Mammals
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Middle Low German
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with usage examples
- Occitan lemmas
- Occitan verbs
- Occitan third group verbs
- Old French lemmas
- Old French verbs
- Old French verbs with weak-i preterite
- Old French third group verbs
- Old French verbs ending in -er
- Old French irregular verbs
- Old French terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old French terms derived from Germanic languages
- Old French terms derived from Frankish
- Old French nouns
- Old French masculine nouns
- Old Galician-Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Old Galician-Portuguese terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Old Galician-Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Galician-Portuguese terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Galician-Portuguese terms inherited from Latin
- Old Galician-Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Old Galician-Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Galician-Portuguese lemmas
- Old Galician-Portuguese verbs
- Old Galician-Portuguese verbs ending in -er
- Old Spanish terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Old Spanish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Old Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Old Spanish lemmas
- Old Spanish verbs
- Old Spanish terms with quotations
- Romansch terms inherited from Latin
- Romansch terms derived from Latin
- Romansch lemmas
- Romansch verbs
- Sutsilvan Romansch
- Surmiran Romansch