Sikaritai language
| Sikaritai | |
|---|---|
| Tori Aikwakai | |
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Sikari village in Rafaer District, Mamberamo Raya Regency, Papua |
Native speakers | 2,000 (2015)[1] |
Lakes Plain
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | tty |
| Glottolog | sika1263 |
Sikaritai (Sikwari) is a Lakes Plain language of Papua, Indonesia. It is named after Sikari village in Rafaer District, Mamberamo Raya Regency. Alternate names are Aikwakai, Araikurioko, Ati, Tori, Tori Aikwakai.
It is spoken in Haya, Iri, and Sikari villages.[1]
Sikaritai, Obokuitai, and Eritai constitute a dialect cluster.
Phonology
[edit]The following discussion is based on Martin (1991).[2]
Consonants
[edit]| Labial | Coronal | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | b | t d | k kʷ |
| Fricative | ɸ | s | |
| Semivowel | w |
This small consonant inventory is typical of Lakes Plain languages.[3] The complete lack of nasals is also a feature of these languages.
There are however several notable allophonic variants:
- /d/ is realized as [d ~ l] word-initially, [ɾ ~ l] between vowels or following another consonants, and as [d̚] syllable-finally.
- /k/ is realized as [g̚] syllable-finally. When followed by a vowel, the sequence /ik/ is realized as a syllabic fricative [ɣ̩]. The sequence /iko/ further varies with [u.o].
- [ɸ] is in free variation with a glottal fricative [h].
- /s/ is realized as [ʃ] following /k/.
- /i/ before another vowel is realized as either a semivowel [j] or an affricate [dʒ] (the latter when following /k/ or when between two low vowels (/ɛ/ or /a/).
Vowels
[edit]Sikaritai has six vowels.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |
| Mid-high | e | ||
| Mid | ɛ | o | |
| Low | a |
Many other Lakes Plain languages have developed a series of extra high "fricativized" vowels from the loss of a final consonant.[3] In Sikaritai the final consonants have been retained; however, extra-high [i] and [u] appear as allophones of /i/ and /u/ before final /k/ and /d/. Martin postulates that Sikaritai is in the process of developing contrastive fricativized vowels as other Lakes Plain languages have done.
Tone
[edit]The language has a two-height tone system with H and L tone. More than one tonal element can appear on a single syllable.
Syllables
[edit]The syllable template is (C)(C)V(V)(C).
References
[edit]- ^ a b Sikaritai at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ Martin, David (1991). "Sikaritai phonology". Workpapers in Indonesian Languages and Cultures. 9: 91–120.
- ^ a b Clouse, Duane (1997). "Toward a reconstruction and reclassification of the Lakes Plain languages of Irian Jaya". Papers in Papuan Linguistics. 3: 133–236.
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