User:Electionworld/sandbox/Croatia

Multiple timeline of Croatia

This scheme is a multiple timelime of the history of Croatia, part of the series of Series of multiple timelines of European countries and territories.

Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines

The Republic of Croatia (Republika Hrvatska) is a republic with a popularly elected president, a parliament, the Assembly, elected in free multi-party elections, and a government responsible to the parliament. Croatia is member of the European Union.

Kingdom of the Ardiaei 260 BC: Part of present-day Albania becomes part of the Kingdom of the Ardiaei. 229 BC: Rome invades the Illyrian coast. 220–219 BC: The Ardiaei attack Rome and a Roman army is sent to Illyria. The kingdom becomes a vassal of the Romans. Roman Republic 168 BC: King Gentius of the Ardiaei is defeated. The region is annexed to the Roman Republic. Roman Empire 27 BC: Gaius Octavianus becomes sole ruler of Rome and as Augustus the first emperor. 6–9: Various Illyrian tribes revolt against the Roman Empire, but are defeated by Rome. 9: The northern part of present-day Croatia, populated by Celtic tribes, is annexed to the Roman Empire. 330: The Vandals are believed to have migrated from Silesia and are confined to Pannonia by the Goths. 395: After the death of emperor Theodosius I, the Roman Empire is partitioned in the (Eastern) Roman Empire and the (Western) Roman Empire. The region becomes part of the Western part of the Empire. 406: The Huns force the Vandals to migrate from Pannonia. They cross the Rhine into Gaul. Kingdom of the Ostrogoths 476: The region is conquered by the Ostrogoths. 476: When Iulius Nepos is deposed as emperor of the Western Roman Empire, he continues to rule Dalmatia, with parts of present-day Montenegro, under the title of Roman Emperor. Kingdom of Italy 480: Odoacer deposes Iulius Nepos and adds the area to Italy Kingdom of the Goths and the Romans 493: King Theodericus defeats Odoacer and conquers Italy, making it the centre of its kingdom. Roman Empire 535: The region is conquered by the Roman Empire. 582: The Roman emperor Mauricius starts a campaign to defend the Balkan against the Avars. Avar Khaganate 600s: The Avars conquers part of the region. 600s: Croats start to settle in Dalmatia. 700s: Croats settle in the region. Kingdom of the Franks 774: Istria becomes part of the Duchy of Friuli inside the Frankish Empire. 779: Istria is seceded from Friuli as the March of Istria Hunfrid, Margrave of Istria, who is also margrave of Friuli becomes margrave. 700s: The city of Ragusa is controlled by the Romans. Duchy of Lower Pannonia c. 800: Vojnomir becomes duke Lower Pannonia, part of the time under Frankish and/or Bulgarian suzerainity. 827: Ratimir is installed as duke of Lower Pannonia. Duchy of Croatia 796: The Frankish Empire defeats the Avars and conquer the region. Around the same time Višeslav becomes duke of Croatia under Frankish suzerainity. 854: Khan Boris of Bulgaria commences a war with duke Trpimir of Croatia. The war ends undecisive. 879: Duke Branimir gets papal recognition and during his reign, Croatia retains its sovereignty from both Frankish and Roman rule and became de jure independent. 804: He is succeeded by Johann. c. 812: Istria is reintegrated into Friuli. March of Friuli 843: With the partition of Francia, the region becomes as March of Friuli part of Middle Francia. 855: The region becomes part of Italy. Kingdom of Croatia 925: Duke Tomislav merges Croatia with Lower Pannonia and becomes king of Croatia. 900s: Present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina is part of the time divided between Croatia and Serbia. 927: King Tomislav of Croatia defeats Simeon of Bulgaria and stops the Bulgarian expansion to the west. March of Verona 952: Friuli is succeeded by the March of Verona inside East Francia 962: Otto merges Italy with East-Francia into the Holy Roman Empire. Verona is one of its marches. 900s: In Southern Dalmatia various Croat and Serb polities exist, like Pagania, Travunija, Zachlumia and Duklja. Part of that region are under control of the Roman Empire and Croatia. Ragusa 10th century: Ragusa is established as a city state, under domination of the Roman Empire as well for some times of Venice and Normans. 998: The Bulgarian tsar Samuil attacks Dalmatia. He is stopped at the siege of Zadar. 1000s: Bosnia is controlled by Bulgaria. Republic of Venice 1000s-1400s: Venice conquers large parts of Dalmatia, disputed by other countries. Bulgarian Empire 1000s: The region is probably controlled by Bulgaria March of Istria 1012: Poppo becomes Margrave of Istria. Roman Empire 1018: After a long struggle Bulgaria, probably with this region, is annexed by the Roman Empire. 1040: Poppo becomes also margrave of Carniola. Kingdom of Duklja 1077: Prince Mihailo Vojislavljević of Duklja styles himself king of the Slavs and is crowned by the pope. His realm includes part of Dalmatia. 1097: King Kálmán of Hungary invades Croatia to seize the throne. As a result he becomes king of both countries. 1102: In the Pacta conventa institutions of separate Croatian statehood are maintained. c. 1101/1107: Margrave Ulric II loses Carniola and Istria to Engelbert of Sponheim. 1123: Istria and Carniola fall to Engelbert III Principality of Duklja 1102: Duklja becomes a principality. Kingdom of Duklja 1113: Đorđe Bodinović becomes king of Duklja. Kingdom of Hungary 1154: The region probably becomes part of Hungary. 1173: Berthold of Andechs becomes margrave of Istria and Carniola. Banate of Bosnia 1154: Hungary appoints Borić as ban of Bosnia, including this part of Dalmatia. 1166: The Roman Empire defeats the Hungarians and appoint in 1180 Kulin as ban. 1180: The titular Duchy of Merania seems to be a de facto duchy around Trsat with duke Berthold in personal union with Istria and Carniola. 1202: After the Siege of Zara, Zara is taken by Venice. 1183: Kulin becomes a vassal of Hungary. In the upcoming decades, he makes Bosnia a de facto independent state. 1209: Parts of Istria are acquired by Aquileja. 1228: Duke Otto of Merania becomes margrave. 1205: Ragusa is annexed to Venice. ← 1248: Meriana is dissolved, Trsat, the later Fiume, is restored to Croatia. Patriarchate of Aquileia 1248: Istria falls to Aquileia. 1278: The west coast of Istria becomes part of Venice. 1385: King Carlo III of Naples becomes by conquest also king of Hungary and Croatia. 1386: After his murder the personal union ends. 1387: Elector Sigismund of Brandenburg becomes king of Hungary and Croatia. 1388: Sigismund leaves Brandenburg to his cousin Jobst. 1409: King Ladislao of Naples sells his "rights" on Dalmatia to Venice. 1411: King Sigismund of Hungary and Croatia and ruler of the Holy Roman Empire is also elector of Brandenburg. 1417: The personal union with Brandenburg ends. 1358: With the Treaty of Zadar Venice loses influence over territories in Dalmatia. Kingdom of Bosnia 1377: Ban Stefan Tvrtko of Kotromanić becomes king of Bosnia. Republic of Ragusa 1358: Ragusa secedes as a republic from Venice, originally as a Hungarian vassal state. The supreme governing body is a grand council, consisting of members of the aristocracy, which elects a minor council as government and a a rector as head of state, elected for a term of office for one month (from 1358). 1419: Sigismund becomes king of Bohemia. The Bohemian Hussites begin a rebellion against both catholicism and the Holy Roman Empire. 1420: Venice holds Dalmatia undisputed. Aquilea is acquired by Venice. Carniola holds a part of Istria. 1437/1438: Duke Albrecht IV of Austria becomes also king of Hungary and Croatia and of Bohemia. His successor Ladislav combines this titles, but his rule of Hungary-Croatia is disputed between 1438 and 1444 by king Władysław III of Poland. Duchy of Saint Sava 1435: The Bosnian nobleman Stjepan Vukčić separates Saint Sava from Bosnia, 1440: Władysław III of Poland becomes also king of Hungary and Croatia . 1444: The personal union of Poland with Hungary and Croatia ends. Duke Ladislaus of Austria is as Ladislav restored as king of Hungary and Croatia. 1458: Hungary and Croatia are separated from Austria with Hunyadi Mátyás as king of Hungary as king. 1458: Ragusa becomes a Ottoman tribute state. Austrian Hereditary Lands 1480: Fiume is bought by archduke Friedrich III of Austria Subleme Ottoman Empire 1483: Duke Vladislav Hercegović is defeated and Saint Sava is fully annexed to the Ottoman Empire. 1490: King Vladislav II of Bohemia becomes as one of the claimants to the Hungarian throne after the death of Hunyadi Mátyás also king of Hungary and Croatia. A war with the Maximilian of Austria, who claims the Hungarian throne, commences. 1491: In the Peace of Pressburg Vladislav II renounces Lower Austria, conquered by Hunyadi Mátyás in Austria, and is recognized as king of Hungary. 1493: The Ottoman Empire commences a long war with Croatia. It conquers parts of the country. 1514: A peasant's uprising led by Dózsa György is suuppressed in Transylvania. 1520: Sultan Süleyman conquers Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade). Habsburg Monarchy 1526: King Ludvik II is defeated and killed at Mohács. Most of Hungary is conquered by the Ottoman Empire. Archduke Ferdinand of Austria becomes also king of Bohemia, Hungary and Croatia. Ferdinand creates central institutions. The joint territories ruled by Austria, together also rendered Habsburg Monarchy, form the leading state inside the Holy Roman Empire, though parts are outside the Holy Roman Empire. They can be differentiated into the Austrian Hereditary Lands, the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, including Croatia, and the Lands of the Saint Wenceslaus' Crown. Within the Habsburg Monarchy, each entity is governed according to its own particular customs. 1553: Austria creates the Military Frontier in parts of Croatia to defend itself against the Ottoman Empire. It settles amongst others Serbs in this region. 1573: A peasant's rebel against the Hungarian nobility is defeated, followed by a bloody retribution by the nobility. 1593: The Long Turkish War between the Austrians and the Ottomans commences. Croatia and its allies defeat at Sisak the Ottoman Empire and ends the Croatian-Ottoman War. 1670: A magnate conspiracy against the Habsburg rule in Hungary and Croatia is defeated. 16th century: Next to the minor council a senate is established as governing body. 1699: The Treaty of Karlowitz ends the Great Turkish War. The Ottomans cede most of Hungary, Transylvania and Slavonia to the Habsburg Empire while Podolia returned to Poland-Lithuania. 1779: Fiume is annexed to Hungary. 1699: The Treaty of Karlowitz ends the Great Turkish War. Most of Dalmatia passes to Venice. 1797: The eastern part of Venice is annexed to the Habsburg Monarchy. Empire of Austria 1804: Archduke Franz II becomes emperor of Austria, being at the same time emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (until 1806). Both Hungary and Croatia are integrated into the new Empire of Austria, of which it becomes constituent monarchies, Croatia with subordinate Kingdom of Slavonia. Kingdom of Italy 1805: Austrian Dalmatia becomes part of the Kingdom of Italy, a French client state. 1806: Ragusa is occupied by France. 1808: Ragusa is annexed to Italy. French Empire 1809: Istria, Dalmatia, Fiume and other parts of Croatia as well as Ragusa are annexed to France and merged with Carniola into the Illyrian Provinces. 1813: Austria conquers the Illyrian Provinces. 1815: In the Final Act of the Congress of Vienna the provisions include that Austria regains control of Ragusa and the Illyrian Provinces, including Cattaro , mostly as part of its constituent state of the Kingdom of Dalmatia. 1816: Fiume becomes part of the new Kingdom of Illyria inside Austria. 1822: Fiume becomes part of Hungary. 1848: Ban Josip Jelačić of Croatia resists the Hungarian revolution. 1849: The kingdom of Illyria is dissolved and March of Istria becomes a crown land. Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy 1867: Emperor Franz Joseph makes Austria a constitutional dual monarchy as the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy. Dalmatia, Croatia and Slavonia remain constituent states, as do Hungary and the March of Istria. 1870: Inside the Hungarian part of Austria-Hungary Fiume becomes a separate entity. 1868: Croatia and Slavonia merge into the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia. 1881: The Croatian Military Frontier and the Slavonian Military Frontier are merged into Croatia-Slavonia. 1914: In Serajevo Gavrilo Princip assassinates archduke Franz Ferdinand. In reaction to the assassination Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, World War I commences. 1918: Italy conquers Istria and Zara. State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs 1918: Austria-Hungary and the other Central Powers lose World War I. Austria-Hungary collapses. Croatia-Slavonia and Dalmatia, together rendered as Croatia, join Carniola and Bosnia and Herzegovina in the independent State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. Fiume is annexed to the new state. Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes 1918: This state merges with Serbia into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, a.k.a. Yugoslavia. Kingdom of Italy 1919: Istria and Zara becomes part of Italy. Italian Regency of Carnaro 1919: Gabriele D'Annunzio establishes as duce Carnaro. The constitution establishes a corporatist state with a bicameral parliament. 1919: The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye between France, the United Kingdom and Italy and other allied powers with Germany-Austria ends the war with the formal dissolution of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. Carnaro secedes from Yugoslavia. Free State of Fiume 1920: In the Treaty of Rapallo Italy and Yugoslavia agree on Fiume as a free state. Fiume has a parliament elected in free multi-party elections. 1920: In the Treaty of Rapallo Italy and Yugoslavia agree on the borders between the countries and the establishment of the Free State of Fiume. Istria and Zadar become Italian. 1921: Croat miners in Albona, Istria, establish the Labin Republic. It is defeated the same year. 1922: Fascist seize power in a coup d’etat. Italy occupies Fiume. 1924: Italy and Yugoslavia agree in the Treaty of Rome to the Italian annexation of Fiume and the incorporation of Sušak into Yugoslavia. 1924: Italy and Yugoslavia agree in the Treaty of Rome to the Italian annexation of Fiume and the incorporation of Sušak into Yugoslavia. Kingdom of Yugoslavia 1929: Yugoslavia is formally renamed. 1941: Yugoslavia joins the Tripartite Pact with Nazi Germany. After a coup d'état Yugoslavia leaves the pact. Nazi Germany together with Hungary and Italy invades and conquers as part of World War II Yugoslavia. 1941: Italy annexes parts of Dalmatia, including Spalato and Cattaro and establishes the Governorate of Dalmatia. Independent State of Croatia 1941: Yugoslavia is occupied or annexed to Nazi Germany, Bulgaria, Hungary and Italy. The Ustaše establish the collaborationist Independent State of Croatia, a separate fascist dictatorship. It includes most of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 1943: Italian Dalmatia and Fiume are occupied by Nazi Germany. after a short period of Yugoslav partisan control, Istria is also occupied by Nazi Germany. 1945: Zara is occupied by Yugoslavia. Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia 1945: A new of government of Yugoslavia is formed by communists. The National Liberation Army defeats Croatia, the Slovenian Home Guard and the remaining German forces and liberates Yugoslavia. Croatia is reincorporated into Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia is restored. The Italian annexations are occupied by Yugoslavia. The People's Republic of Croatia becomes one of the constituent republics. 1947: Fiume is as Rijeka incorporated into Yugoslavia, as part of Croatia. Istria as well as the Italian islands in Dalmatia and Zara are incorporated into Yugoslavia, as part of the Croatia. Trieste is seceded from Italy. Zone B of Trieste is governed by a Yugoslav governor. 1954: Yugoslavia incorporates part of Trieste (zone B) and divides it between Croatia and Slovenia. Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1963: Yugoslavia is renamed. Croatia is renamed into the Socialist Republic of Croatia 1972: The Bugojno group, a paramilitary formation, infiltrates to raise a rebellion against Yugoslavia. 1975: In the Treaty of Osimo the Free Territory of Trieste is divided between Italy and Yugoslavia. 1990: Inside Yugoslavia, Croatia, renamed into the Republic of Croatia, holds free elections for its three-cameral parliament. Republic of Croatia 1991: After its declaration of independence, Yugoslavia attacks Slovenia. Croatia declares after a referendum its independence. The Brioni Agreement ends the fights in Slovenia and independence of Slovenia and Croatia is suspended with three months. A new constitution establishes a popularly elected president and a government responsible to the parliament, consisting out of a popularly elected chamber and a chamber with elected representatives of the counties, both elected in free multi-party elections. The independence is followed by secessions of Serbian Krajina and a Yugoslav occupation of the surroundings of Dubrovnik from Croatia and an attempt to create a Dubrovnik Republic. 1992: The region around Dubrovnik is reincorporated into Croatia. Croatia joins the United Nations. Republic of Serbian Krajina 1991: Croatian Serbs secede and form an unrecognized republic. A civil war between the Croatian government and Serbian separatists takes place, ending in 1995. 1995: The main part of Serbian Krajina is conquered by the Croatian army. Serbian Krajina is reincorporated into Croatia. 1996: Croatia joins the Council of Europe. Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia 1995: Serbian Kraijina is abolished. Eastern Slavonia establishes itself as a unrecognized state. 1998: Eastern Slavonia is reincorporated into Croatia. 2000: The parliament becomes unicameral and the government becomes responsible to the parliament. 2013: Croatia joins the European Union.