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- 300s: Present-day Denmark is populated by Germanic tribes of the Danes, Jutes and Angles.
- 5th century: The Angles and part of the Jutes settle in what is now England. The remaining Jutes integrate into the Danes.
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Kingdom of Denmark
- 700s: Angantyr is the legendary king of the Danes.
- 700s/900s: The Danes are part of the Vikings and take part in expeditions around the North Sea and further. They colonize, raid and trade in all parts of Europe. The Danish Vikings settle in Western Europe and England.
- 811: Frankish emperor Carolus and king Hemming set at the Treaty of Heiligen the boundary between Denmark and the Frankish Empire at the Eider River.
- 865: The Danes invade and conquer parts of present-day England, they rule parts of Northumbria and East Anglia.
- 876: The southern part of Northumbria is annexed by Danes under Hálfdan who create Danelaw.
- 879: Danelaw enlarges under rule East Anglia with their king Guðrum into East Anglia.
- 881: Ælfrēd I of Wessex defeats the Danes.
- 917: King Guðrum II of Danelaw submits to Wessex.
- c. 936: The Danes in present-day Denmark are united under king Gorm of Denmark, the first recorded king of Denmark. Somewhere in the 900s Denmarks includes Scania.
- 970: King Harald Gormsson of Denmark becomes also king of Norway.
- 995: In Norway king Sveinn Tjúguskegg is succeeded by Olaf Tryggvason.
- 1000: King Sveinn Tjúguskegg regains Norway.
- 1013: King Sveinn Tjúguskegg defeats after an invasion king Æðelred of England and becomes king of England.
- 1014: After five weeks Sveinn Tjúguskegg dies. Æðelred regains the throne of England. Harald II becomes king of Denmark and Norway regains independence with king Olaf II.
- 1016: Knútr or Cnut, son of Sveinn Tjúguskegg, defeats the son of Æðelred, Edmund, and becomes king of England.
- 1018: After the death of Harald II, Knútr becomes king of Denmark in a personal union with England.
- 1028: King Knútr conquers Norway and becomes also king of Norway.
- 1035: After the death of King Knútr he is succeeded by Hardeknud in Denmark, Magnús Óláfsson in Norway and Harold I in England.
- 1040: King Hardeknud becomes also king of England.
- 1042: After the death of king Hardeknud, the Danish rule in England ends, Ēadweard of the House of Wessex becomes king of England and king Magnús Óláfsson of Norway becomes king of Denmark.
- 1047: After the death of Magnús Óláfsson, Denmark and Norway are separated. Svend Estridsen becomes king of Denmark.
- 1048: King Harald III of Norway claims Denmark and invades it in an attempt to restore the realm of king Magnús Óláfsson and embarks on what would turn into constant warfare against king Svend Estridsen of Denmark.
- 1064: The two kings agree on an unconditional peace.
- 1147: Denmark takes part in the Wendish Crusade that defeats the slavic tribes (Obotrites, Wagrians) and others) at the German border.
- 1164: A fleet of king Valdemar assists duke Heinrich III of Saxony to defeat at Verchen the Obotrites.
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Duchy of Schleswig
- 1183: Valdemar becomes as Danish fief duke of Schleswig.
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- 1202: Duke Valdemar becomes as Valdemar II king of Denmark.
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- 1380: King Olaf II of Denmark is also king of Norway. Due to the personal union of Denmark and Norway, Iceland, the Faroe Islands and Greenland become joint Danish/Norwegian possessions.
- 1389: Queen regnant Margrete I of Denmark and Norway becomes queen of Sweden.
- 1397: She founds the Kalmar Union, a personal union of the three Scandinavian kingdoms until 1523 with some intervals.
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- 1442: Christoffer III becomes also king of Norway.
- 1443: Christoffer III becomes also count-palatinate of Neumarkt.
- 1448: After the death of Christoffer III, the personal union ends. Count Christian VII of Oldenburg becomes king Christian of Denmark.
- 1450: Christian becomes also king of Norway and resigns as count of Oldenburg in favour of his brother Gerhard VI.
- 1457: Christian becomes king of Sweden.
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- 1460: King Christian of Denmark becomes count.
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| Kingdoms of Denmark and Norway
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- 1558: Russia commences the Livonian War to conquer present-day Estonia and Latvia against Poland-Lithuania, Sweden and Denmark.
- 1559: After the death of Christian III, his son Frederik II becomes king. Bishop Johann V von Münchhausen sells Courland and Ösel-Wiek to Frederik II. Frederik II gives Courland and Ösel-Wiek to his brother Magnus as bishop.
- 1563: King Frederik II of Denmark and king Erik XIV of Sweden commence the Northern Seven Years' War.
- 1570: The Treaty of Stettin ends the Northern Seven Years' War between Denmark and Sweden with a status quo ante bellum.
- 1572: Magnus loses Ösel-Wiek, which is added to Denmark.
- 1583: Magnus dies and king Frederik II inherits Courland.
- 1585: Courland is sold by Denmark to Poland-Lithuania.
- 1611: Christian IVdeclares in reaction to claims by Carl IX of Sweden to traditionally Norwegian area a war, the Kalmar War.
- 1613: The Treaty of Knäred conforms the Danish victory in the war.
- 1626: Denmark attacks in the Thirty Years' War the imperial army in Northern Germany.
- 1629: After the defeat at Wolgast in 1628, Denmark ends it part of the war with the Treaty of Lübeck.
- 1643: Denmark intervenes in the Thirty Years' War to support the Habsburgs and to fight Sweden.
- 1645: With the Treaty of Brömsebro the Torstenson War between Sweden and Denmark ends and Denmark cedes part of Norway as well as Ösel-Wiek to Sweden.
- 1658: With the Treaty of Roskilde during the Second Northern War Denmark cedes Scania, Trondheim, and other territories to Sweden. This is confirmed at the Treaty of Copenhagen in 1660. Denmark establishes the Danish Gold Coast.
- 1660: In the Treaty of Copenhagen Sweden restores Bornholm to Denmark and Trondheim to Norway. The same year king Frederik III stages a self-coup that institutes absolute monarchy in Denmark and makes the throne hereditary.
- 1667: King Frederik III of Denmark and Norway becomes also count of Oldenburg.
- 1675: Denmark, the Netherlands, Brandenburg-Prussia and the Holy Roman Empire gets into the Scanian War with Sweden and France. It is mainly fought in Scania and Northern Germany. The war ends with the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye.
- 1676: Denmark occupies with allies Bremen-Verden
- 1679: In various treaties the war between Sweden and Denmarks ends with a status quo ante bellum. Bremen-Verden is restored to Sweden.
- 1700: Russia leads a coalition with Denmark, Saxony and Poland-Lithuania in the Great Northern War to contest the supremacy of Sweden in Northern Europe. During the war Great Britain, Brunswick-Lüneburg (1714) and Prussia join the coalition.
- 1712: Swedish Bremen-Verden is conquered by Denmark.
- 1715: King Frederik IV sells Bremen-Verden to Georg Ludwig of Brunswick-Lüneburg.
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- 1544: Schleswig is partitioned between the dukes of the Holstein branches.
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- 1848: Germans in Schleswig and Holstein declare war on king Frederik VII of Denmark to keep Schleswig and Holstein united as a German state. The Danes wish to maintain South Jutland as a Danish area. The king soon yields to the Danish demands, and accepts the end of absolutism.
- 1849: Denmark becomes a constitutional monarchy and gets a bicameral parliament, with a chamber elected on a limited suffrage, the Folketing, and a indirectly elected senate, the Landsting. Both chambers have the same powers.
- 1850: Denmark cedes the Danish Gold Coast to the United Kingdom.
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- 1848: Germans in Schleswig and Holstein declare war on king Frederik VII of Denmark to keep Schleswig and Holstein united as a German state. Holstein introduces together with Schleswig a joint parliament with universal male suffrage.
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Kingdom of Prussia
- 1866: Schleswig and Holstein are annexed to Prussia.
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North German Confederation
- 1867: Prussia joins the North German Confederation.
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- 1915: The constitution is changed, making elected on a universal suffrage in free multi-party elections.
- 1917: Denmark sells after a referendum in 1916, the Danish West Indies to the United States.
- 1918: King Christian X of Denmark becomes also king of Iceland, formerly a dependency of Denmark.
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German Empire
- 1871: The North German Confederation is succeeded by the German Empire.
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- 1920: In plebiscites the voters of Northern Schleswig decide to become part of Denmark and the voters of Southern Schleswig to remain part of Germany. The same year Denmark is a founding member of the League of Nations.
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