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Multiple timeline of Russia

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This scheme is a multiple timelime of the history of Russia, part of the series of Series of multiple timelines of European countries and territories.

Timeline of Russia

[edit]
Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - Russia
Caucasus - Crimea - Dagestan - Northern Russia - Southern principalities - Southern Russia - Other regions in main section
The Russian Federation (Российская Федерация) is a federal republic with a popularly elected executive president, a bicameral parliament, the Federal Assembly, with the State Duma elected in multi-party elections and the Federation Council with representatives of the federal entities, and a government respnsible to the president. Russia annexed Crimea which is internationally recognized as part of Ukraine.
This timeline of Russia gives an outline of the history of northern and western Russia expanding into united Russia. The history of other parts of Russia can be found at Northern Russia (until 1501), Southern Russia (until 1783), Caucasus (until 1774/2000), Dagestan (until 1860s), and on the Southern Principalities (882-1389/1654). The history of Siberia is not included. As far as Crimea can be considered part of Russia, its history is outlined at Crimea.
Grand Principality of Rus'
Principality of Rostov
Principality of Rostov-Suzdal
  • 1125: Yuri becomes prince of Rostov-Suzdal.

Grand Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal[1]
  • 1157: Andrey Yurevich becomes prince of Vladimir-Suzdal. Vladimir becomes dominant inside Rus'.
Principality of Rostov
Principality of Rostov Principality of Yaroslavl
Grand Principality of Suzdal Grand Principality of Vladimir
  • 1246: Vladimir remains ruled by Yaroslavl II.
Grand Principality of Tver

Grand Principality of Moscow
  • 1283: Daniel, son of Aleksandr Nevsky, becomes grand prince of Moscow.
Grand Principality of Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod

  • 1425: Vasily II Vasiliyevich becomes grand prince and annexes Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod. His reign (until 1462) is plagued by the Muscovite Civil War between him and his uncle Yury Dmitrievich and sons.
  • 1433: Vasily II is overthrown by Yury Dmitrievich. He dies in 1434 and is succeeded by Vasily Yuriyevich.
  • 1435: Vasily II regains the throne.
  • 1438: The Tatars from Kazan raid Moscow.
  • 1445: A Kazan campaign ends with their victory at Suzdal. Grand prince Vasily II is captured and released against a enormous ransom.
  • 1446: Vasily II is overthrown by Dmitry Shemyaka, but recaptures the throne the same year.
  • 1451: Perm becomes a vassal state of Moscow.
  • 1452: Qasim becomes a vassal state of Moscow.
  • 1456: After a victory of Moscow over Novgorod, the Treaty of Yazhelbitsy establishes peace between Vasily II and the people of Novgorod.
  • 1462: Ivan III Vasiliyevich becomes grand prince. He triples the territory of his state and ends the dominance of the Golden Horde over the Rus' principalities.

  • 1486: Ivan III conquers Tver.
  • 1486: Ivan III conquers Beloozero.
  • 1487: Grand Prince Ivan III intervenes in Kazan and puts Möxämmädämin on the throne.
  • 1493: Ivan III commences a war with grand duke Aleksandras Jogailaitis of Lithuania over the possession of the region at the Oka river. The next year Lithuania loses territory including Mosalsk to Russia.
  • 1495: Russia and Denmark commence a war against Sweden.
  • 1500: Ivan III stages a new war with Aleksandras Jogailaitis, leading after a victory at Vedrosha and further fightings to further losses of territory to Russia in 1503.
  • 1503: Chernigov and Novgorod-Seversk fall to Moscow.
  • 1505: Grand Prince Vasily III Ivanovich annexes Perm to Moscow.
  • 1506: Despite a victory over Moscow, Möxämmädämin pays homage to grand prince Vasily III.
  • 1507: Vasily III intervenes in a rebellion against grand duke Žygimantas of Lithuania.
  • 1508: Both the Russians and the rebels are defeated.
  • 1510: Vasily III annexes Pskov.
  • 1512: Vasily III commences a new war with Poland-Lithuania.
  • 1514: Moscow conquers Smolensk. With the victory at Orsha Poland-Lithuania stops the further expansion of Moscow into their dominion.
  • 1521: Vasily III annexes Ryazan. The combined forces of Crimea under Mehmed Giray and his Kazan allies attack Moscow.
  • 1522: The war between Moscow and Poland-Lithuania ends with a truce.
  • 1532: After a Russian victory, Russia replaces Safa Giray with Canghali, until that moment Khan of Qasim.
  • 1534-1537: Grand duke Žygimantas of Lithuania commences a war to regain the lost territories. The war ends after little gains with a truce.
  • 1535: Kazan, led by Safa Giray and his successors, enact various raids on Russian cities.
Tsardom of Russia
Russian Empire
  • 1812: The French emperor Napoléon invades Russia. After initial successes, including entering Moscow, largely abandoned, France has to retreat.
Russian Republic
  • 1917: A broad revolution commences. After parts of the army joins the revolution, tsar Nikolay abdicates in favor of a provisional government. The monarchy is abolished and Russia becomes a republic. An coup attempt by the commander-in-chief is rapidly defeated. In a second revolution the communists , led by Vladimir Lenin, a.k.a. Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, overthrows the provisional government. Lenin becomes chairman of the Committee of People's Commissars. Despite this second revolution a constituent assembly is elected in relative free multi-party elections on a universal suffrage. The communists ignore this assembly and stay in power. In reaction to the revolution the Russian Civil War commences in which non-Bolshevik forces as well as more left wing forces fight the new government. The Bolsheviks start a Ukrainian–Soviet War to fight separatist forces. Finland, Ukraine, Naissaar, Buryat-Mongolia, Crimea, and Idel-Ural secede.
Idel-Ural State
  • 1917: Idel-Ural secedes and elects a parliament, that appoints a government.
Russian Soviet Republic
Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
Almighty Don Host[2]
  • 1918: The assembly of the Don Cossacks secedes. The state is governed by a provisional government of anti-communist Cossacks.
Kuban People's Republic
  • 1918: Kuban secedes, governed by a provisional anti-bolshevik military council.

  • 1919: After a dispute with Georgia, Sochi becomes Russian. The wars with Poland, Ukraine, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, and Georgia come to an end with Soviet defeats. The North Caucasian Emirate secedes.
Republic of North Ingria
  • 1919: North Ingria secedes and is governed by a provisional government.
Republic of Uhtua[3]
  • 1919: Karelian Uhtua secedes and is governed by a provisional parliament and government.
  • 1919: Kuban is defeated by Soviet-Russia.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Republic of Tatarstan
  • 1990: The Tatarstan parliament declares it to be a sovereign republic.
  • 1990: The communist dictatorship is overthrown. Lithuania and Tatarstan secede from the USSR.

  • 1991: An attempt to overthrow Gorbachev by a communist group is defeated. Parliament is dissolved, Gorbachev resigns as party leader and the Soviet Union falls apart. Estonia and Latvia secede from the USSR. The same year the USSR is dissolved. The KPSS is banned. The Warsaw Pact and the Comecon are disbanded. Russia continues the membership of the Soviet Union in the United Nations and is a founding member of the Commonwealth of Independent States.
Russian Federation
  • 1992: Tatarstan approves a new constitution which is declared invalid by the Russian constitutional court.
  • 1992–1993: Russia intervenes in Abkhazia to support Abkhazian separatists in the war with Georgia.
  • 1993: After a second referendum Russia gets a new constitution that stipulates that Russia is a federal republic with a bicameral parliament, a chamber elected in multi-party elections and a chamber with representatives of the federal entities and a popularly elected executive president.

Timeline of Caucasus

[edit]
Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - Russia
Caucasus - Crimea - Dagestan - Northern Russia - Southern principalities - Southern Russia - Other regions in main section

Alania
  • c.700: Alania is established as a state in the northern Caucasus by migrating Alans from the Pontic Steppe.
Circassia
  • 13th century: Circassia emerges as a coherent entity. The status is not always clear, sometimes under control of Mongolian hordes and Crimean Tatars
Golden Horde
  • 1250s: Alania is destroyed by the Golden Horde. Most of the Northern Caucasus is controlled by the Golden Horde.
Kabardia


  • 1739: Kabardia becomes a joint Russian-Ottoman protectorate.
  • 1763: Empress Jekaterina II starts the Russo-Circassian War to conquer Circassia, which last more than a century.
Russian Empire
  • 1826: The Ottoman suzerainity ends.
Caucasian Imamate
  • 1859: The Caucasian Imamate, led by Şeyx Şamil is defeated and incorporated into Russia.
  • 1864: Russia ends the conquest of the Northern Caucasus with the victory in the Russo-Circassian War over the Circassians, which leads to the annexation of Circassia by Russia and a mass expulsion of Circassians.
Russian Republic
Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
  • 1918: The Bolsheviks rename the country into Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic.
Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus
  • 1918: The Northern Caucasus secedes from Russia. The Northern Caucasus is governed by a provisional government.

North Caucasian Emirate
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Russian Federation
  • 1991: The USSR is dissolved and Russia becomes independent as the Russian Federation
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
  • 1991: The same year Chechnya declares unilaterally independence from Russia, without being recognized.
  • 1992: The constitution stipulates a parliament elected in multi-party elections on a universal suffrage and a directly elected executive president.
  • 1993: The parliament is dissolved.
  • 1994: A separatist First Chechen War in Chechnya commences.
  • 1996: Chechyans and the Russian government agree in the Khasavyurt Accord to a cease fire.

Timeline of Dagestan

[edit]
Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - Russia
Caucasus - Central Russia - Crimea - Dagestan - Northern Russia - Southern principalities - Southern Russia - Other regions in main section
  • 500s: In a part of present-day Dagestan the Laks are settled. The region were they settle is know as Lakia and several polities are formed inside Lakia. In the same region Tabasarans and Lezgins live.
Kingdom of Sarir
  • 5th century: Sarir, inhabited by Avars.
  • 12th century: Sarir disappears as a country.
Gazikumukh Shamkhalate

Avar Khanate
  • early 13th century: Avars create the Avar Khanate as continuation of disappeared Sarir.
  • 1642: Gazikumukh is partitioned.
Shamkhalate of Tarki
  • 1642: Shamkhal Surkhai II becomes shamkhal of Tarki.
Gazikumukh Khanate
  • 1642: Alibek I becomes khan of Gazikumukh.
Tabasaran Principality
  • 1642: The partition leads to the establishment of Tabasaran.


Russian Empire
Persian Empire
  • 1735: Russia cedes Derbent back to Persia.
Derbent Khanate
Quba Khanate
  • 1765: Khan Fatali Khan of Quba conquers Derbent and annexes it. Muhammad Hassan is blinded and improsened.
  • 1775: The rule of Umma-Khan marks the zenith of the Avar ascendancy in the Caucasus.
Derbent Khanate
  • 1799: Under Hasan Aga, son of Fatli Khan, the independence of Derbent is restored.
Russian Empire
  • 1806: Russia conquers Derbent.
  • 1813: Russia wins the war with Persia and in the Treaty of Gulistan, Persia is forced to irrevocably cede Dagestan to Russia. Tarki becomes a vassal state of Russia.
  • 1813: Russia wins the war with Persia and in the Treaty of Gulistan, Persia is forced to irrevocably cede Dagestan to Russia. Tabasaran and Derbent are annexed to Russia.
  • 1864: The Avar Khanate is annexed to Russia.

Timeline of Northern Russia

[edit]
Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - Russia
Caucasus - Crimea - Dagestan - Northern Russia - Southern principalities - Southern Russia - Other regions in main section
Principality of Rus'
  • 862: Varangians from Sweden settle in present-day Northern Russia and are said to have found the state of Rus', centered in Novgorod. The first ruler is Rurik or Rørik, a Varangian chieftain, who becomes prince of Rus'. It succeeds the Rus' Khaganate.
Grand Principality of Rus'
Novgorod Republic[1]
  • 1136: Novgorod secedes from Rus'. It includes large parts of present-day Northern Russia.
  • 1232: Aleksandr Yaroslavich Nevsky, son of Yaroslavl Vsevolodovich, the future ruler of Vladimir, becomes ruler of Novgorod.
  • 1252: Aleksandr Nevsky resigns in Novgorod and becomes ruler of Vladimir.
  • 1273: The Golden Horde twice attacks Novgorod.
  • 1311: Sweden and Novgorod fight each other in Finland.
  • 1318: Novgorod invades Swedish Finland.

  • 1323: After a war Novgorod and Sweden divide present-day Karelia, populated since the first millennium AD by Finnish tribes in the south, amongst them. East Karelia becomes part of Novgorod.
Principality of Great Perm
  • 1323: Great Perm, populated by Komi, secedes.
Pskov Republic
  • 1348: Pskov secedes from Novgorod.
  • 1337: A Karelian uprising is supported by Sweden.
  • 1360s: Moscow and Novgorod dispute the rule over Northern Russia.

  • 1451: Perm becomes a vassal state of Moscow.
Grand Principality of Moscow
  • 1510: Vasily III annexes Pskov to Moscow.

Timeline of the Southern principalities

[edit]
Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - Russia
Caucasus - Crimea - Dagestan - Northern Russia - Southern principalities - Southern Russia - Other regions in main section
Grand Principality of Rus'
Principality of Chernigov[1]
Principality of Smolensk[1]
  • 1097:
Principality of Novgorod-Seversk[1] Principality of Murom-Ryazan

Principality of Rostov
  • 1113: Beloozero is part of Rostov[1]

Principality of Ryazan[1] Principality of Murom[1] Principality of Rostov-Suzdal
  • 1125: Rostov becomes part of Rostov-Suzdal.

Grand Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal
  • 1157: Rostov-Suzdal falls to Vladimir-Suzdal.

Principality of Trubetsk [1]


  • 1211-1212: Trubetsk is controlled by Novgorod-Seversk.
Principality of Rostov
Mongol Empire
  • 1240: Trubetsk is conquered by the Mongols.
Principality of Beloozero[1]
  • 1238: Beloozero secedes from Rostov
Golden Horde
  • 1259: Trubetsk is ruled by the Golden Horde.
Principality of Trubetsk

Grand Principality of Moscow
  • 1389: Murom falls to Moscow.
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
  • 1401: Chernigov and and Novgorod-Seversk fall to Lithuania.
  • 1408: Chernigov and Novgorod-Seversk fall to Moscow.
  • 1420: Chernigov and Novgorod-Seversk fall to Lithuania.

  • 1486: Beloozero is annexed by Moscow.

  • 1503: Chernigov and Novgorod-Seversk fall to Moscow.
  • 1514: Smolensk falls to Moscow.


  • 1521: Ryazan is annexed to Moscow.
Tsardom of Russia
  • 1547: Moscow is renamed into the Tsardom of Russia.
  • 1566: Trubetsk is annexed to Russia.

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
  • 1603: Chernigov and Novgrod-Severks fall to Poland-Lithuania.

  • 1648: Russia annexes Chernigov and Novgord-Seversk.
  • 1654: Russia annexes Smolensk.

Timeline of Southern Russia

[edit]
Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - Russia
Caucasus - Crimea - Dagestan - Northern Russia - Southern principalities - Southern Russia - Other regions in main section
Scythia
Sarmatia
  • 3rd century BC: Scythia is conquered by the Sarmatians. Sarmatians rule present-day Ukraine, Southern Russia and surroundings.
Huns
  • 4th century: The area is conquered by the Nomadic Huns, a nomadic tribal confederation coming from the Caucasus and/or Central Asia. They defeat the Goths led by king Aírmanareiks and conquer parts of present-day Ukraine. They begin invading Europe from the eastern steppes, instigating the Great Age of Migrations.
  • 5th century: The Huns together with the Alans further conquer and rule an area including large parts of Central-Europe, including present-day Hungary, where their realm is concentrated.
  • 454: The Huns withdraw after the death of their king Attila.
Turkic Khaganate
  • 552: The Gökturks create the Turkic Khaganate.
Western Turkic Khaganate
  • 581: The Khaganate is partitioned. The Western Turkic Khaganate rules part of present-day Southern Russia.
Kingdom of Khazaria Bulgarian Empire
  • c 635s: The semi-nomadic Turkic tribes of the Bulgars and the Onogurs, led by khan Kubrat establish in the Pontic-Caspian steppe in present-day Ukraine and Russia the Bulgarian Empire.


  • late 7th century: Busir is khagan of Khazaria.
  • 668: This Bulgarian state is destroyed by Khazaria. Part of the Bulgars migrate to the west near the Danube, where they create Bulgaria, part of them settle near the Volga present-day Tatarstan.


  • 717: The second war between the Arab Caliphate and the Khazars commences.
  • 737: The Arabs defeat the Khazars, weakening the Khazar Khaganate.
  • c 750: Present-day Romanian Moldavia and Moldova populated by Vlachs, are part of Khazaria.
Bulgar state
  • c. 700: They establish the Bulgar state.
Pecheneg Khanates
  • 860: The Khazars are defeated by the Pechenegs, who establish the Pecheneg Khanates.
  • 900s: The Pechenegs are led by successively Kurya, Metiga and Kuchug.

  • 860: Khazaria is limited tot the south-east of the region.




  • 920s: Volga Bulgaria becomes a islamic state.
Cuman-Kipchak Confederation
  • 1091: The Pechenegs are annihilated as an independent force by the Rus’ and the Cumans and most of their area is included in the Cuman-Kipchak Confederation.
Great Mongol State
  • 1220: The Cuman Kipchak-Confederation is destroyed byGenghis Khan, khagan of the Mongol Empire.
  • 1223: The Mongol Empire attacks the Bulgar State, followed by a decisive victory at the Kalka River, the first engagement between the Mongols and the Rus' warriors.
  • 1230: Large parts of what is now Russia, Central Asia, China and the Middle East, is conquered by and annexed to the Mongol Empire.


  • 1223: The Mongol Empire attacks the Bulgar State.
Golden Horde
  • 1259: The Golden Horde under Orda Ezen separates itself from the Mongol Empire. The Golden Horde rules an area including parts of the Caucasus.
  • 1271-1285: The Golden Horde holds various raids against Volga Bulgaria.
  • 1273: The Golden Horde twice attacks Novgorod.
  • 1275: The Golden Horde raids Lithuania.
  • 1283: Moscow secedes from Vladimir-Suzdal and becomes a tributary of the Golden Horde. The other successor states of Vladimir-Suzdal, like Tver, Pereslavl, Rostov, Yaroslavl, Uglich, Beloozero, Kostroma and Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod as well as states like Novgorod become also tributaries of the Golden Horde.
  • 1284-1285: The Golden Horde raids Hungary.
  • 1287-1288: The Golden Horde raids Poland.
  • 1315: Öz Beg Khan converts himself and the Golden Horde to Islam and persecutes non-Muslim Tatar-Mongols.
  • 1324 and 1337: The Golden Hode incurses against Roman Thrace.
  • 1327: The Golden Horde organizes a punitive expedition to Tver and suppresses a rebellion.
  • 1357: Trubetsk secedes from the Golden Horde.
Khanate of Kazan
  • 1438: Kazan secedes from the Golden Horde. The Tatars from Kazan raid Moscow.
  • 1445: A Kazan campaign ends with their victory at Suzdal. Grand prince Vasily II is captured and released against a enormous ransom.
  • 1467-1469: Russia is together with its ally Qasim at war with Kazan.
Qasim Khanate


Astrakhan Khanate
Crimean Khanate
  • 1502: At the end of this proces It is destroyed by the Crimean Khanate and divided between Moscow, the Crimean Khanate and other succesor states.
Nogai Horde
  • 1502: Mokhammad Amin is restored to the throne by a diplomatic intervention of Moscow.
  • 1506: Despite a victory over Moscow, Mokhammad Amin pays homage to grand prince Vasily III.
  • 1532: After a Russian victory, Russia replaces Safa Giray with Canghali, until that moment Khan of Qasim.
  • 1535: In a coup Canghali is assassinated and replaced by Safa Girayy. In the upcoming years Kazan troops enact various raids on Russian cities.
Tsardom of Russia
  • 1552: The last khan, Yadegar Mokhammad, is captured by Russia and Kazan is annexed to Russia. A rebellion starts, but is defeated in 1556.


Kalmyk Khanate
  • 1630s: Oirats settle in the region. They defeat the Nogai Horde and their leader Kho Orluk becomes khan under allegiance to Russia.


  • 1679: After khan Sayed Borhan abdicates, his mother Fatima Soltan, becomes khanbika. During his reign the Khanate was totally placed under control of Russia
  • 1681: After the death of Fatima Soltan, Qasim is reincorporated into Russia.

Russian Empire
  • 1721: Russia is renamed.

  • 1724: After the death of Ayuka Khan Russia dilutes the authority of the khan and diminuish the autonomy of the Kalmyks.
  • 1783: The Crimean Khanate is annexed to Russia.

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j In the 1230's most successor principalities of Rus' are conquered by the Golden Horde, until 1259 a sector of the Mongol Empire. They and their successors becomes tributary principalities in the upcoming centuries until Ivan III Vasiliyevich of Moscow ends the dominance of the Golden Horde.
  2. ^ The Almighty Don Host is first also rendered as Don Republic.
  3. ^ Uhtua is also rendered as the Republic of East Karelia.
  4. ^ It is nowadays considered a genocide by Ukraine.