WO2024117284A1

WO2024117284A1 - Livestock manure fuel pellets and preparation method therefor

Info

Publication number: WO2024117284A1
Application number: PCT/KR2022/019033
Authority: WO
Inventors: 남순덕
Original assignee: 남순덕
Priority date: 2022-11-28
Filing date: 2022-11-29
Publication date: 2024-06-06
Also published as: KR102499500B1

Abstract

The present invention is technology related to livestock manure fuel pellets and a preparation method therefor, wherein the livestock manure fuel pellet is prepared by: preparing coffee grounds pellets with a moisture content of 15-20 % at a weight ratio of 10:1 of coffee grounds to grain flour by using collected coffee grounds; mixing any one or more livestock manures selected from excretions of farm animals, such as cow manure, pig manure, poultry manure, etc., with the coffee grounds pellets at a ratio of 2-4:1, putting same into a composter, and processing into fine livestock manure powder with a moisture content of 10-20 % through mixing, grinding, and high-speed fermentation; and then adding, to the livestock manure powder, grain flour, such as rice bran, waste flour, etc., which provides adhesiveness, and molding into livestock manure fuel pellets with a moisture content of 10-15 %.

Description

Livestock fuel pellets and their manufacturing method

The present invention relates to a method for producing livestock manure solid fuel using livestock manure. More specifically, by reusing eco-friendly coffee waste without harmful elements, livestock manure fuel pellets that can be used to increase livestock manure heat generation efficiency and also be used as bedding for livestock livestock, and a method of manufacturing the same It's about.

Until now, the material that accounts for the largest proportion of renewable energy sources is wood pellets. Wood pellets are made from solid fuel by using parts that are not used in the wood processing process, such as wood and sawdust, and the harmfulness of wood powder discharged from paper and plastic companies is becoming a problem. In particular, the moisture content of wood flour is high at around 10% and it does not dry easily, so when it is used for manure, moisture control is not easy and there is a risk that harmful components and gases accumulate, damaging the air and environment of the livestock house. In addition, as wood pellets depend on imports, the use of imported wood pellets in power plants will be discontinued from 2025, so the development of energy sources that replace wood pellets is urgently needed.

In this situation, the present inventor focused on coffee grounds, which are increasing day by day as a new renewable energy source, and developed a new technology to replace wood pellets and at the same time solve the livestock waste problem.

Accordingly, the technical basis of the present invention is a glaze using coffee sludge (Patent Registration No. 10-1917133), a solid coal composition using coffee sludge and briquettes using the same (Patent Registration No. 10-1959764), and a glaze using coffee sludge (Patent Registration No. 10-1959764). As an extension of the pellet manufacturing method (Patent Registration No. 10-1980364), livestock manure fuel composition and its manufacturing method (Patent Application No. 10-2020-0095840), the livestock manure problem of city and county local governments is resolved and domestic power generation business operators This invention was researched and developed to simultaneously meet their needs.

The low-level calorie content of livestock manure solid fuel is 3,000 kcal per 1 kg, which requires stable heat generation and must meet the chlorine level of 0.3% or less, which is the main cause of generator aging. However, technologies to remove chlorine and sulfur components contained in livestock manure have been proposed so far. It's not working. In other words, many inventions have been proposed, such as Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2014-0047002, Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1175287, and Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1687352, but there are problems with the removal of harmful elements and stable calories and thermal efficiency. appears to have not been resolved, and the manufacturing process is overly complicated and not very efficient, so there are many problems with commercialization.

Accordingly, in order to solve the above problems, the present invention reuses coffee grounds, an eco-friendly material with almost no harmful elements, to secure stable heat generation of more than 3,000 kcal per 1 kg of low-level calories, and uses this to increase livestock manure heat generation efficiency and provide long-term heat generation in power plants. The aim is to provide livestock manure fuel pellets that can be used and a method for manufacturing them.

In addition, the present invention provides livestock manure fuel pellets that are environmentally friendly and can also be used as bedding for livestock livestock.

To achieve this purpose, the present invention includes the steps of using collected coffee grounds to produce coffee grounds pellets with a moisture content of 15 to 20% at a weight ratio of 1 coffee grounds to 0.1 to 0.2 grain powder (S10); The coffee waste pellets are fed into a composter at a weight ratio of 1 coffee waste pellet to 2 to 4 manure using one or more livestock manure selected from cow manure, pig manure, chicken manure, etc., and then mixed, ground, and high-speed fermentation to obtain a water content of 10. Manufacturing step of fine livestock manure powder processing into ~20% fine livestock manure powder (S20); A livestock manure fuel pellet forming step (S30) of mixing the fine livestock manure powder 1: coffee ground at a weight ratio of 3 to 4 to produce livestock manure fuel pellets molded with a moisture content of 10 to 15%; It is characterized by a method for manufacturing livestock manure fuel including the step of removing powder residue from the molded pellets, selecting and packaging (S40), and livestock manure fuel pellets manufactured through the method.

At this time, the coffee waste pellets are used as bedding in cattle sheds and are manufactured into livestock manure powder.

In addition, in order to increase the fuel calorific value, the ratio of coffee waste pellets: coffee waste pellets is gradually increased and adjusted when mixing livestock manure.

According to the above configuration and operation, the livestock manure fuel according to the present invention achieves a stable low calorific value reaching an average of more than 3,500 kcal per kg, solving the problem of low and unstable calorific value, which is the main reason for avoiding livestock manure fuel. Therefore, it can be stably used in power generation facilities with a power generation capacity of 2 megawatts or more, such as cement kilns, thermal power plants, and cogeneration power plants, and can also be used in facilities with a coal consumption of more than 2 tons per hour, such as district heating facilities, industrial boilers, and livestock farms. .

In addition, the livestock manure fuel according to the present invention contains harmful elements such as chlorine and sulfur at levels much lower than the standard values, and when conventional livestock manure pellets are burned, air pollution such as sulfur, nitrogen, and chlorine is emitted more than other biomass. It simultaneously solved the problem of chlorine and sulfur corroding power generation equipment in the long term. It is also beneficial to the health of livestock and can reduce odor, which is a major cause of neighborhood complaints.

In addition, when the coffee waste pellets according to the present invention are used and installed in cattle sheds, the coffee waste bedding only needs to be changed once or twice a year, which is very effective in managing the farm's livestock shed and cost.

Furthermore, production facilities for implementing the present invention can be expanded with relatively simple equipment such as blenders, pellet machines, hoppers, conveyor belts, conveyors, dryers, and packaging lines, and coffee grounds and livestock manure, which are raw materials, cause environmental pollution. Commercialization is possible because the by-products that can be produced can be stably procured. In conclusion, it is very suitable as a new renewable energy that can replace wood pellets and can meet REC.

1 is a schematic flow diagram showing the method for producing livestock manure pellets according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a photograph of the collected coffee grounds used in the present invention

Figure 3(a) is a water content meter, and 3(b) is a compost device.

Figure 4 is a coffee waste pellet test report according to the present invention

Figure 5 is an example of a coffee waste pellet bedding for cattle used in the present invention.

Figure 6 is a photograph of the pellet molding machine used for molding the livestock manure fuel pellets of the present invention.

Figure 7 is a photograph of the powder residue removal step using the vibration separator of the present invention

Figure 8 is a sample photo of livestock manure fuel pellets manufactured according to the present invention

Figure 9 is a test report for cattle manure fuel pellets according to the present invention.

Figure 10 is a test report of pig manure fuel pellets according to the present invention

Figure 11 is a test report of chicken manure fuel pellets according to the present invention

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the method for producing livestock manure fuel according to the present invention will be described through the drawings.

1 is a schematic flowchart showing a method for producing livestock manure fuel according to the present invention.

Manufacturing coffee waste pellets with a moisture content of 15 to 20% using the collected coffee waste at a weight ratio of coffee waste 1: grain powder of 0.1 to 0.2 (S10); The coffee waste pellets are fed into a composter at a weight ratio of 1 coffee waste pellet to 2 to 4 manure using one or more livestock manure selected from cow manure, pig manure, chicken manure, etc., and then mixed, ground, and high-speed fermentation to obtain a water content of 10. Manufacturing step of fine livestock manure powder processing into ~20% fine livestock manure powder (S20); A livestock manure fuel pellet forming step (S30) of mixing the fine livestock manure powder 1: coffee ground at a weight ratio of 3 to 4 to produce livestock manure fuel pellets molded with a moisture content of 10 to 15%; This is a method for producing livestock manure fuel, comprising the step of removing powder residues from the molded pellets, selecting them, and packaging them (S40).

The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

Coffee waste pellet preparation stage for livestock use (S10)

The collected coffee waste or coffee sludge used in the present invention has the form shown in Figure 2, and if the moisture content is 15 to 20%, there is no need to separately press and grind or dry the coffee sludge. The present invention can use collected coffee grounds as is and does not require a separate process, thereby reducing costs.

Coffee grounds 10: Pellets are produced by mixing grain powder at a weight ratio of 1 to 2. If breakage occurs during the pellet forming stage, the moisture content is adjusted by supplying moisture using a steam supply to ensure a constant moisture content of 15 to 20%. If the moisture content is less than 15%, it may not easily come together during the pellet forming stage and may break, and if it exceeds 20%, mold (rot) may occur due to moisture, the odor will become worse, and the viscosity is too high, causing clumping between materials. This phenomenon may occur. Therefore, at this stage, it is important to supply moisture using a steam supply or to control the appropriate moisture content by drying.

When measuring the moisture content of the coffee grounds pellets manufactured in the above step, it is in the range of 15 to 20%. This moisture content range of 15 to 20% is an effective range for removing odor from livestock manure, drying moisture (urine), and improving the calorific value of fuel. It has meaning. Moisture content measurement is performed using a moisture content meter as shown in Figure 3(a).

Figure 4 is a test report of coffee grounds pellets according to the present invention issued by Daedeok Analytical Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., an accredited certification body. To provide adhesiveness to 1 ton of collected coffee grounds, 100 kg of rice bran or waste wheat flour was added to produce coffee waste pellets, and the samples were analyzed at Daedeok Analytical Technology Research Institute.

As a result, the coffee waste pellets were found to have a moisture content of 10.3%, a low calorific value of 4,300 kcal/kg, 0.01 wt% chlorine, and almost no other harmful ingredients such as mercury and cadmium, showing no risk for livestock use and high calorific value.

Accordingly, the present invention studied various embodiments so that it could be sufficiently used as a livestock rug by replacing existing straw mats or rugs in livestock farms.

Fine grain livestock manure powder manufacturing step (S20)

The livestock manure used in the livestock manure fuel powder composition according to the present invention is one or more selected from farmed animal waste such as cow manure, pig manure, and chicken manure. The coffee grounds and livestock manure prepared in S20 are mixed at a weight ratio of 1: 2 to 4, and this mixture is fed into a composter (high-speed drying fermentation system for livestock manure) and mixed until the moisture content is adjusted to 10 to 20%, It is processed into a fine powder state through grinding and high-speed fermentation processes.

When the moisture content is in the range of 10-20%, 95% of the odor is removed and the amount of livestock manure is also reduced by 75% of the original input amount, greatly improving odor reduction and excrement treatment efficiency. This is livestock manure coffee waste in which bacteria and viruses contained in livestock manure are killed. Powder is manufactured.

In order to adjust the moisture content of fine livestock manure powder to less than 10%, the drying temperature of the composter must be increased or the processing time must be increased, which reduces economic efficiency and efficiency. Also, as moisture disappears, it becomes difficult to form it into pellets.

On the other hand, if the moisture content is more than 20%, it is prone to rot due to mold caused by excessive moisture, has a strong odor, and is weak in strength, making it prone to breakage when molded into pellets.

The moisture (urine) content in livestock manure is about 80-90% for cattle manure (80% for Korean beef, 90% for dairy cows), and 75-80% for pig manure and chicken manure. As the moisture content is usually high, reaching 75-90%, this step is required. It is important to produce livestock manure powder with a moisture content of 10 to 20%.

Figure 3(b) is an example of a composter that can be used in the present invention. After livestock manure is put into a fermenter equipped with a stirring blade provided inside, heat is applied using a heater, etc. to ferment and ferment within a short time. Drying takes place. During the fermentation and drying process, the stirring blade provided inside is activated, and mixing and grinding of the input livestock manure is carried out simultaneously. Depending on the condition of the livestock manure, additional fermentation agent or chemicals are added, and through mixing, grinding, and high-speed fermentation processes, fine particles are produced within 24 hours. Process it to a powder state.

Livestock fuel pellet forming step (S30)

This is the livestock manure fuel pellet forming step of mixing the fine livestock manure powder 1:coffee ground at a weight ratio of 3 to 4 to produce livestock manure fuel pellets molded with a moisture content of 10 to 15%.

The powder mixture is manufactured into livestock manure fuel pellets of various sizes by adjusting the size of the nozzle head using a pellet molding machine shown in Figure 6. The fine livestock manure powder contains grain powder and has viscosity, so it can be molded. do.

While checking the calorific value, in order to increase the calorific value, coffee waste is mixed with the above-mentioned fine livestock manure powder at a weight ratio of 1: coffee waste 3-4 and molded into livestock manure fuel pellets so that the moisture content is in the range of 10-15%. At this stage, a cooling step may be included to adjust the temperature to room temperature within 1 hour by discharging water vapor generated during the high-temperature pressing process for pellet forming.

The technical significance of the moisture content range of 10 to 15% is that controlling the moisture content of livestock manure fuel pellets below 10% requires molding them into pellets and then re-drying them, which reduces economic feasibility. If it is more than 15%, mold (rot) due to moisture occurs. ) is easy to occur, and problems such as worsening odor and weakening strength occur.

Sorting and packaging stage (S40)

The pellets formed in the above process are put into a sorting machine with a tray structure as shown in FIG. 7, and then vibration is generated to remove the remaining powder residue. The remaining powder that has not been molded is discharged below the sieve by vibration, and only the molded products are filtered through the sieve. The filtered pellets are transported through a separate conveyor and stored in packaging means such as ton bags.

Finally, Figure 8 shows pellets manufactured according to the present invention, which have different colors depending on the physical properties of each cattle manure. Figure 9 shows a test report for cattle manure pellets according to the present invention, with moisture content of 7.3%, ash content of 14.4%, and low calorific value. 3,880 kcal/kg, chlorine 0.17 wt%, Figure 10 is a test report for the pork manure pellet according to the present invention, moisture content 9.4%, ash 15.6%, low calorific value 3,750 kcal/kg, chlorine 0.24 wt%, Figure 11 shows the present invention This is a test report for livestock manure pellets, with a moisture content of 11.4%, ash 13.8%, low calorific value of 3,390 kcal/kg, and chlorine 0.27 wt%. It contains almost no harmful elements such as other heavy metals, and is suitable for the livestock manure solid fuel currently required by power plants. It is confirmed that the low-level calories meet the requirements of more than 3,000 kcal per 1 kg and less than 0.3% of chlorine.

Hereinafter, examples for each livestock manure according to the above manufacturing method will be described in detail.

[Example 1] Cow manure fuel pellets and manufacturing method thereof

The production of cattle manure pellets according to the present invention was carried out at a farm in Seongsan-myeon, Goryeong-gun, where 160 cows are raised on 500 pyeong. 6 tons of coffee grounds for livestock use according to the present invention were placed on the floor, and 6 months later, coffee grounds pellets excreted by livestock were collected. Figure 5(a) shows coffee grounds pellets according to the present invention, Figure 5(b) shows the pellets laid out in a cattle shed, and Figure 5(c) shows the pellets excreted by livestock. Indicates what has been collected.

When the coffee waste pellets of the present invention are spread in a livestock shed, the moisture and odor of livestock waste excreted on the coffee waste bedding for livestock are naturally absorbed and dried over time, and the high moisture content of about 80 to 90% is initially reduced to 40~40%. It is lowered to 50%.

In the case of cow manure, unlike other livestock, which require frequent cleaning of the barn, as time passes, the manure is absorbed into the coffee waste pellets and dried naturally, so the odor is almost eliminated even if it is collected only 2-3 times a year, so it can be used with other livestock. Unlike other systems, there is no cleaning of livestock sheds and no leakage of contaminated water. In addition, when collected, the moisture content naturally reaches 40-50%, and when it is put into a composter (high-speed fermentation drying system) and processed to a moisture content of 20% or less in the form of fine powder, about 30 tons of cow manure powder is produced. When 900 kg of coffee waste is added to the cow manure coffee waste pellet powder to form pellets, livestock manure fuel pellets with a moisture content of 10 to 15% are produced. The powder residue of the pellet was removed and selected, and the sample was sent to Daedeok Analytical Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd. for analysis.

As a result, as shown in Figure 9, the moisture content was confirmed to be 10.3%, the chlorine content was 0.01wt%, and the low-level heat generation was confirmed to be 4,300 kcal/kg, which far exceeds the required standards, making it not only very suitable as a fuel for power plants, but also replacing existing livestock bedding. It is recognized as a very eco-friendly technology. Also, if the calorific value does not reach 3,000 kcal/kg, the calorific value can be increased by adding more coffee grounds pellets. When using coffee waste pellets for bedding in cattle sheds, it may be difficult to measure the exact amount of cow manure input, so check the calorific value and adjust the coffee waste pellets to increase the calorific value.

[Example 2] Pig manure fuel pellets

In the case of pig manure, it has the lowest calorific value, the worst odor, and the highest chlorine level among livestock manures. To solve this problem, pig manure was dehydrated to remove moisture, then pig manure and coffee grounds were mixed in a ratio of 2:1 relative to the total weight and fed into a composter to produce pig manure pellet powder with a moisture content of about 20%.

[Example 3] Chicken manure fuel pellets

In the case of chicken manure, it has the lowest calorific value among livestock feeds, with a low-level calorific value of only 1,200 to 1.900 kcal. There is also the problem that livestock farms must have separate manure storage tanks to dispose of manure. In order to solve these problems of heat generation and economic efficiency, it is desirable to install a livestock manure transfer device at the bottom of the chicken coop and feed it into the composter along with coffee bean pellets when moving directly to the composter. At this time, more than 85% of the odor is eliminated.

Claims

Using the collected coffee waste, prepare coffee waste pellets with a moisture content of 15 to 20% at a weight ratio of 1 coffee waste to 0.1 to 0.2 grain powder,

The coffee waste pellets are fed into a composter at a weight ratio of 1 coffee waste pellet to 2~4 manure using one or more livestock manure selected from cow manure, pig manure, chicken manure, etc., and then mixed, pulverized, and high-speed fermentation process to obtain a water content of 10~ After processing into 20% fine livestock manure powder,

Livestock fuel pellets formed with a moisture content of 10 to 15% by mixing the fine livestock manure powder 1: coffee grounds at a weight ratio of 3 to 4
Manufacturing coffee waste pellets with a moisture content of 15 to 20% using the collected coffee waste at a weight ratio of coffee waste 1: grain powder of 0.1 to 0.2 (S10);

The coffee waste pellets are fed into a composter at a weight ratio of 1 coffee waste pellet to 2 to 4 manure using one or more livestock manure selected from cow manure, pig manure, chicken manure, etc., and then mixed, ground, and high-speed fermentation to obtain a water content of 10. Manufacturing step of fine livestock manure powder processing into ~20% fine livestock manure powder (S20);

A livestock manure fuel pellet forming step (S30) of mixing the fine livestock manure powder 1: coffee ground at a weight ratio of 3 to 4 to produce livestock manure fuel pellets molded with a moisture content of 10 to 15%;

A livestock manure fuel manufacturing method comprising the step of removing powder residues from the molded pellets, selecting them, and packaging them (S40).
According to paragraph 2,

A method for producing livestock manure fuel, characterized in that the coffee waste pellets are used as bedding in cattle sheds to produce livestock manure powder.
According to paragraph 2,

Coffee waste pellets to increase fuel calorific value: A method of producing livestock manure fuel characterized by gradually increasing and controlling the ratio of coffee waste pellets when mixing livestock manure.