[go: nahoru, domu]

Jump to content

User:Electionworld/sandbox/France

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Multiple timeline of France

[edit]
This scheme is a multiple timelime of the history of France, part of the series of Series of multiple timelines of European countries and territories.

Timeline of France

[edit]
Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - France
Alsace - Burgundy and Lorraine - Corsica - South East France - Southern and Central France - Other regions in main section
The French Republic (République Française) is a republic with a popularly elected executive president, a Parliament, with the National Assembly, elected in free multi-party elections, and a indirectly elected Senate, and a government which is responsible to the parliament. France is member of the European Union. France has as overseas departments/regions Réunion, Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana, and Mayotte as well as overseas collectivities Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin, Saint Pierre and Miquelon and Wallis and Futuna, as overseas country French Polynesia as special collectivity New Caledonia and as uninhabited possession Clipperton Island. France claims the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.
This timeline of France starts with the timeline of Western and Northern France. The sub-sections give an outline of the history of Southern and Central France (400s-1793), Corsica (400s-1796), South East France (410s-1791), Burgundy and Lorraine (843-1766, until 925 with Alsace) and Alsace (925-1918).
  • 600 BC: Greeks found the colony of Massalia on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. At the same time, some Gallic Celtic tribes (Gauls) penetrate parts of present-day France, and this settling spreads to the rest of France between the 5th and 3rd century BC.
  • 390 BC: The Gauls invade present-day Italy and defeat Rome.
  • 245 BC: The Gauls and Rome enter into a peace treaty. But the Romans and the Gauls will remain adversaries for the next several centuries.
  • 125 BC: The south of Gaul is conquered by Roman Empire.
  • before 58 BC: The Germanic Suebes settle in Northern Gaul, arriving from Germany.
Roman Republic
  • 58 BC: The Suebic king Ariovistus is defeated by the Roman proconsul Gaius Iulius Caesar and are driven over the Rhine. Gaius Iulius Caesar commences the Gallic Wars against the Gauls.
  • 51 BC: Most of Gaul is conquered by the Roman Empire. The Celtic chieftain Vercingetorix is defeated by Gaius Iulius Caesar.The Gauls mix with Roman settlers and a Gallo-Roman population develops.
Roman Empire
  • 27 BC: Gaius Octavianus becomes sole ruler of Rome and as Augustus the first emperor.
Gallic Empire
Gallic Empire
  • 270: The Gallic Empire is limited to Northern Gaul and Germania.
Roman Empire
  • 270: The Roman Empire reconquers southern Gaul.
  • 410s: After the collapse of the Roman Empire, Brittany remains outside Francia. Celts from Britain settle in Brittany. Various entities come to existence.

  • 410: Rome is sacked by the Visigothic king Alareiks, which turns out to be a decisive event in the decline of the Western Roman Empire. The Romans gradually abandon Gaul. Various Germanic tribes enter Gaul and establish their entities. Among them are the Franks, the Visigoths and the Burgundians.
Franks
  • 410: Rome is sacked by the Visigothic king Alareiks, which turns out to be a decisive event in the decline of the Western Roman Empire. The Romans gradually abandon Gaul. The Franks conquer part of Gaul.
Roman Kingdom
  • 457: The Roman Kingdom of Soissons replaces the Western Roman Empire in Gaul, led by Aegidius and since 464 his son Syagrius. Gaul gets divided into several Germanic kingdoms and this Roman Kingdom.
  • 451: The Huns, who conquered large areas north of the Roman border and invaded are defeated by an alliance of Romans and various Germanic nations, including the Visigoths and the Franks.
Kingdom of the Franks
  • 558: Neustria and Austrasia are united under king Chlotarius.
  • 561: After the death of Chlotarius I Francia is partitioned into sub-kingdoms. Guntram becomes king of the Burgundians, Chilpericus I in Neustria, Charibertus I In Paris and Sigebertus I becomes king in Austrasia.
  • 567: Charibertus I dies, Paris falls to Chilpericus I.
  • 592: Guntram dies, Burgundy falls to Childebertus II in Austrasia.
  • 595: Childebertus II dies, Theudericus II becomes king of Burgundy and Theudebertus II becomes king of Austrasia.
  • 612: Theudericus II becomes king in Austrasia.
  • 613: King Sigibertus II of Austrasia and Burgundy is overthrown by Chlotharius II of Neustria and Francia is reunited as the Kingdom of the Franks.
  • 623: Chlotarius II appoints his son Dagobertus I as king in Austrasia.
  • 629: Chlotaris II dies, Francia is reunited under with king Dagobertus I.
  • 634: Dagobertus I appoints his son Sigebertus III as king in Austrasia.
  • 662: Childebertus dies, Francia is reunited under king Chlotharius III.
  • 663: Chlotharius III appoints his brother Childericus II as king in Austrasia.
  • 673: Childericus II displaces Theudericus III as king in Neustria.
  • 675: After the death of Childericus II, Theudericus III regains the throne of Neustria. Chlodovecus III becomes king of Austrasia.
  • 679: After the death of king Dagobertus II Neustria falls to Theudericus III and Francia is reunited. During the rule of Theudericus III and his successors the position of the Mayor of the Palace develops into the power of the throne.
  • 687: Pippin is installed as mayor over the entire realms of Neustria and Austrasia, further dwindling Merovingian power.
  • 718: The civil war after the death of Pippin, ends, Carolus Martellus becomes mayor of the palace and the real ruler of Francia.
  • 732: Carolus Martellus [[Battle of Tours|halts the Arab advance.
  • 734: Carolus Martellus defeats the Frisian ruler Bubo and annex Frisia west of the Lauwers.
  • 737: Carolus Martellus becomes acting king.
  • 741: Childericus III becomes king.
  • 751: Pippinus III, son of Carolus Martellus, overthrows Childericus III and becomes king of the Franks, the first from the Carolingian dynasty.
  • 768: The son of Pippinus III, Carolus or Charlemagne becomes – until 711 together with his brother Carlomannus I - king of the Franks.
  • 772: The Franks annex Frisia east of the Lauwers and start the conquest of Saxony. The Saxons are led by Widukind.
  • 774: Carolus conquers the Kingdom of the Lombards with Corsica.
  • 778: Carolus conquers Bavaria.
  • 788: Carolus conquers part of the Carantania and of the Avar Khaganate.
  • 793: A final uprising of the Frisians is surpressed by Carolus.
  • 795: In the north-east of Hispania the Ummayads are defeated by the Franks, who establish the Marca Hispanica, a set of Frankish counties.
  • 800: Carolus is raised to Emperor of the Romans.
  • 804: Saxony is incorporated into Francia by emperor Carolus. The Avar Khaganate is destroyed by the Franks.
  • 811: Carolus and king Hemming of Denmarksetthe southern boundary of Denmark at the Eider River.
  • 824: Pamplona secedes from Francia.

Kingdom of the West Franks
Kingdom of Brittany
  • c. 851: Erispoe becomes king of Brittany, established by Bretonic tribes.
  • 907: Vikings conquer parts of West Francia. They defeat the ruler of Bretagne, Gourmaelon.
County of Normandy[1]

  • 911: King Carolus III becomes also king in Lotharingia.
  • 919: An Hungarian army enters through Lotharingia and France. Carolus III retreats, and lets them to plunder his realm.
  • 922: Carolus III is overthrown by Robertus. Lotharingia keeps Carolus III as king.
  • 923: Robertus dies in battle and is succeeded by his son-in-law Radolfus.
  • 936: After the death of king Radolfus, the Carolingian Ludovicus IV, son of Carolus III, becomes king.
Duchy of Brittany
  • 939: Alan II becomes duke of restored Brittany. The islands of Guernsey and Jersey remain part of Normandy.
Kingdom of the Franks
Duchy of Normandy
  • 996: Count Richard II is raised in rank to duke of Normandy.
  • 996: Hugues dies and is succeeded by his son Robert II.
  • 1004: King Robert II becomes also duke of Burgundy, interrupted between 1017 and 1027.

  • 1032: The sons of Robert II agree to share his heritage. Henri becomes king of the Franks, Robert becomes duke of Burgundy.
  • 1060: After the death of Henri, his eight year old son Philippe becomes king and his wife Anna Yaroslava as regent (until 1065)..

  • 1101: France takes part in a crusade, which is defeated by the Sultanate of Rum.
  • 1147-1149: France takes part in the Second Crusade that fails to restore the County of Edessa, but in which at the same time parts of Iberia are conquered.
  • 1189-1192: France takes part in the Third Crusade that fails to re-conquer Jerusalem, but in which the Kingdom of Cyprus is established.

Kingdom of France
  • 1491: King Charles VIII of France marries with duchess Anna of Brittany. Brittany is in a dynastical union with France.
  • 1518: Henry VIII withdraws from France.
  • 1521: When Austria defeats France over Milan, François loses [[user:electionworld/sandbox/Italy#MIL1521|Milan] to Francesco II Sforza.
  • 1525: The Spanish and Austrian forces of emperor Karl V defeat at Pavia defeat France and capture king François.
  • 1526: With the Treaty of Madrid king François surrenders his claims to Italy, Flanders, and Burgundy in order to be released from prison. The same year pope Clemens VII, alarmed at the growing power of the emperor, forms the League of Cognac together with France, England, Venice, Florence and Milan.
  • 1529: With the conclusion of the Treaty of Cambrai, the League collapses and Karl V wins the war.
  • 1536: After the death of duke Francesco II Sforza of Milan, king François of France claims Milan. He conquers Savoy.
  • 1538: The Truce of Nice ends the war between François and Karl V over Northern Italy, leaving Savoy in French hands but effecting no significant changes to the map of Italy.
  • 1542: The war resumes between king François, allied with Scotland and the Ottoman Empire, and emperor Karl V, allied with England.
  • 1544: The French army defeats at Ceresole an Spanish-Austrian army.
  • 1546: He fails to conquer Milan and despite huge losses, the status quo ante bellum is restored.
  • 1547: King Henri II merges Brittany into the French crown. Saluzzo is annexed to France.
  • 1552: King Henri II declares war on emperor Karl V with the intent of recapturing Italy. He conquers Metz and Verdun.
  • 1558: After 200 years, England loses Calais to France.
  • 1559: With the Peace of Cateau Cambrésis, the Italian Wars conclude. France renounces its claim in Italy and returns Piedmont and Savoy to the duke of Savoy. Spain remains dominant in Italy. At the same time it wins the three bishoprics of Metz, Toul and Verdun. The same year Henri II dies and is succeeded by his son François II.


Principality of Sedan
  • 1589: After the assassination of Henri III, his relative king Henri III of Navarre, count of Foix and as Henri II viscount of Béarn, becomes king Henri IV of France, which brings the House of Bourbon to the throne.
  • 1598: The Edict of Nantes ends the French Wars of Religion. Huguenots are granted substantial rights and freedom, though it doesn't end hostility towards them.
  • 1601: Saluzzo is ceded to Savoy.
  • 1610: Henri IV is assassinated by François Ravaillac. His son Louis XIII becomes king.
  • 1616: The Treaty of Loudun ends hostilities between queen-regent Marie de' Medici and rebellious French princes led by Henry II , the third Prince of Condé.
  • 1617: Louis XIII exiles his mother Marie de’ Medici and takes power.
  • 1620: Navarre and Béarn are fully incorporated by Louis XIII into France.
  • 1625: France conquers from Spain Saint-Domingue.
  • 1627: King Charles of England sends troops to invade France to support the Huguenots.
  • 1628: France supports Carlo Gonzaga as duke of Mantua and invades Savoy.
  • 1629: The English intervention in France ends after a French victory with the Treaty of Suza.
  • 1631: The war over Mantua comes to an end with the Treaty of Cherasco, confirming Carlo Gonzaga as duke, and returning most of the conquered part of Savoy.
  • 1634: Lorraine and Bar are occupied by France.
  • 1635: The Peace of Prague is planned to end the Thirty Years' War between the emperor, Sweden and the German protestants]]. However France commences a war with king Felipe IV of Spain.
  • 1636: France declares war on the empire.
  • 1641: The local clergy and aristocracy of Catalonia half-heartedly accepts king Louis XIII of France as prince Lluís of Catalonia.
  • 1642: Frédéric Maurice of Sedan cedes Sedan to France, ending the personal union with Bouillon. France conquers Roussillon, followed by a formal cession by Spain in 1659.
  • 1648: A combined Swedish-French army defeats at Zusmarshausen the imperial army, followed by a Swedisch victory at Prague. Emperor Ferdinand III loses the war. Large parts of Alsace as well as Metz and Verdun are annexed to France.
  • 1648-1653: During the war with Spain, Various civil wars take place. The civil wars prepare the way for the absolutism of king Louis XIV.
  • 1652: Spain captures Barcelona and overthrows Louis XIV as prince of Catalonia. Catalonia is reincorporated into Spain.
  • 1659: The Treaty of the Pyrenees ends the war between France and Spain with the French annexation of Southern Flanders and Roussillon.
  • 1661: France withdraws from Lorraine and Bar.
  • 1662: With the Treaty of Montmartre duke Charles IV of Lorraine gives to Louis XIV control over Lorraine and Bar.
  • 1668: The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ends the War of Devolution between France and Spain over the Spanish Netherlands and outlines the boundaries between France and the Spanish Netherlands.
  • 1670: Lorraine and Bar are again occupied by France.
  • 1672: France, England, Münster and Cologne declare war on the Netherlands.
  • 1674: After an initial defeat, the Netherlands succeed in driving back the English, French and allied forces.
  • 1678: The Treaties of Nijmegen end after a French victory the war between France and the Netherlands and its allies. France wins territories in the Southern Netherlands and annexes the county of Burgundy.
  • 1681: Strasbourg is annexed to France.
  • 1683: In the War of the Reunions France invades the Spanish Netherlands and conquers part of it, including Luxembourg.
  • 1684: The Truce of Ratisbon ends the war between France and Spain
  • 1688: After king Louis XIV of France crosses the Rhine, a grand alliance of the Habsburgs and the Holy Roman Empire, the Netherlands, Spain, England and Savoy gets into [[War of the Grand Alliance] with France.
  • 1697: The Treaty of Rijswijk ends the War of the Grand Alliance. The occupied parts of the Spanish Netherlands are returned to Spain. Lorraine and Bar are restored to duke Leopold.
  • 1701: After the death of king Carlos II of Spain his succession is disputed between Philippe of Anjou and Karl VI of Habsburg. In the following War of the Spanish Succession, Philippe is supported by France. Karl is supported by the Holy Roman Empire (including the Habsburgs, Prussia, Brunswick-Lüneburg and Bavaria (until 1704), England with Scotland, the Netherlands, Savoy and Portugal.
  • 1702: France occupies Orange and Lorraine and Bar are occupied by France.
  • 1704: An Huguenots rebellion is defeated.
  • 1713: The Treaty of Utrecht ends the War of the Spanish Succession. Philippe becomes as Felipe V king of Spain, but has to any claim to the throne of France. Spain loses Sicily to Savoye and Sardinia, Naples, Milan as well as the Spanish Netherlands to Austria. Gibraltar and Minorca fall to the United Kingdom. France annexes Orange.
  • 1713: Louis XIV dies and is succeeded by
  • 1714: The Treaties of Rastatt and Baden ends the War of the Spanish Succession between France and emperor Karl VI. It outlines the frontiers between France and the Holy Roman Empire.
  • 1715: France conquers Dutch Mauritius.
  • 1718: King Felipe V of Spain claims the French throne. This leads to the War of the Quadruple Alliance with an alliance of France, the Habsburgs and the Holy Roman Empire, the Netherlands, England and Savoy.
  • 1720: The war ends with victory of the alliance, confirmed with the Treaty of The Hague, in which Felipe V renounces the French throne.
  • 1724: The occupation of Lorraine and Bar ends.
  • 1733: After the death of Friedrich August France supports Stanisław Leszczyński in his War of the Polish Succession against Friedrich August II of Saxony to become king of Poland. In 1734, Stanisław Leszczyński is defeated by Friedrich August II.
  • 1740: France disputes in the War of the Austrian Succession Maria Theresia as archduchess of Austria and her husband Franz Stefan as Holy Roman Emperor.
  • 1748: The Treaty of Aachen ends the War of the Austrian Succession. France withdraws from the Austrian Netherlands.
  • 1756: Austria's desire to recover Silesia from Prussia leads France and Habsburg Austria to put aside their rivalry. A Seven Years' War involving most European great power and affecting Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India and the Philippines commences between two coalitions, led by the Great Britain (incl. Prussia, Portugal, Brunswick-Lüneburg and other small German states) on one side and led by France (incl. Austria, the Holy Roman Empire, Russia, Spain and Sweden on the other. Meanwhile, in India, the Mughal Empire, with the support of the French, tried to crush a British attempt to conquer Bengal. British Minorca is conquered by France.
  • 1763: The war ends with a Status quo ante bellum in Europe and a transfer of colonial possessions between Great Britain, France, Spain and Portugal. France cedes possessions east of the Mississippi and Canada as well as in India to Great Britain and cedes Louisiana west of the Mississippi to Spain. Minorca is restored to British rule.
  • 1766: France annexes Lorraine and Bar.
  • 1769: France abolishes the Corsican Republic and annexes Corsica.
Kingdom of the French
  • 1791: King Louis XVI flees from Paris, but is captured and brought back to Paris. His function is suspended and he accepts the new constitution. France becomes a constitutional monarchy. The constitutional assembly is replaced by the Legislative Assembly, elected on a limited suffrage and a government responsible to the assembly. France annexes Venaissin.
French Republic
French Empire
Kingdom of France
  • 1814: In the Treaty of Fontainebleau Russia, Prussia and Austria accept Napoleon's abdication as Emperor of France, and allow him to remain Emperor at Elba. Louis XVIII, brother of former king Louis XVIII, of the House of Bourbon becomes king of France. France gets a new bicameral parliament with a chamber elected on a limited suffrage and a senate consisting out of peers. France loses the annexed territories, e.g. Tuscany, Lucca and Massa and Carrara. Sweden cedes Guadeloupe to France.
  • 1815: In the Final Act of the Congress of Vienna, Austria, France, Portugal, Prussia, Russia, Sweden and the United Kingdom agree on the end of the Napoleonic Wars and the re-division of Europe.
French Empire
Kingdom of France
  • 1815: Emperor Napoleon is defeated at the Battle of Waterloo by the allied forces and abdicates. His defeat brings a conclusion to the Napoleonic Wars. Louis XVIII is restored as king. He is forced to grant France a new constitution.
  • 1823: Louis XVIII mobilizes an army to help to help the Spanish royalists to restore king Fernando VII of Spain to the absolute power of which he had been deprived.
Kingdom of the French
French Republic
  • 1848: Parisian crowds protest against king Louis Philippe and erect barricades. As a result of this revolution Louis Philippe abdicates. France becomes a republic. France gets a unicameral parliament elected on a universal male suffrage. Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte is elected president the same year. Mentone and Roccabruna secede from Monaco and become in 1850 a Sardinian protectorate.
  • 1851: President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte dissolves the Assembly and becomes the sole ruler of the country, confirmed in a referendum.
French Empire
  • 1852: The president restores the Empire after a referendum and becomes emperor Napoleon III. The empire gets a bicameral parliament with a chamber elected on a universal male suffrage, and an appointed senate.
  • 1853: France and the United Kingdom declare war with Russia over Crimea. The Ottoman Empire and Sardinia join France and the United Kingdom.
  • 1855: Sevastopol is conquered by French and British forces.
  • 1856: The Crimean war is lost by Russia, which is confirmed with the Treaty of Paris.
  • 1859: France becomes de facto a constitutional monarchy.
  • 1861: The Franco-Monegasque Treaty grants sovereignty to Monaco and annexes Menton and Roquebrune.
  • 1870: France declares war, the Franco-Prussian War, on Prussia to resist the German unification. France is defeated at Sedan and emperor Napoléon III is captured by the German Army. The empire collapses.
French Republic

German Empire
  • 1875: France gets a bicameral parliament consisting out of a chamber and a senate elected in free multi-party elections on a universal male suffrage, a popularly elected non-executive president and a government which is responsible to the parliament.
  • 1878: Sweden cedes Saint Barthélemy to France.
  • 1881: The Ottoman Empire loses Tunisia to France.
  • 1904: France and the United Kingdom sign the Entente cordiale to ally themselves with each other.
  • 1914: After Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, Germany attacks France, Belgium and Luxembourg and occupies parts of North and Eastern France. The United Kingdom declares war on Germany. Russia declares war on Austria-Hungary and Germany. The Ottoman Empire joins the Central Powers alliance of Austria-Hungary and Germany. Montenegro and Japan join the Allied Powers. World War I commences.
  • 1915: Bulgaria joins the Central Powers. Italy joins the allied powers.
  • 1916: Greece and Portugal join the allied powers.
  • 1917: After the indecisive Battle of the Aisne, The mutinies in the French army commences. After the United States joined the allied powers, an American army enters the warin France.
  • 1914: Germany occupies parts of North and Eastern France.
Republic of Alsace-Lorraine
  • 1918: The legislature of Alsace-Lorraine proclaims a republic seceded from Germany. Alsace-Lorraine is governed by a provisional government.
French State
  • 1940: The republic continues as the dictatorial French State, a German puppet state.
  • 1942: Nazi Germany and Italy invade Vichy-France and end the semi-independence of the state. The puppet-government remains in office.
  • 1940: Nazi Germany invades and conquers Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Luxembourg and Netherlands as well as the Northern and Western part of France. Italy declares war on France and the United Kingdom. France surrenders, Alsace-Lorraine is occupied by and de facto annexed to Germany. In exile an exile-government of Free France is created.
German Empire
  • 1940: Alsace-Lorraine is occupied by and de facto annexed to Germany.
French Republic

Austria.

Timeline of Alsace

[edit]
Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - France
Alsace - Burgundy and Lorraine - Corsica - South East France - Southern and Central France - Other regions in main section
Duchy of Swabia

Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg
  • 960s/970s: Bishop Erkanbald of Strasbourg becomes also count.

Landgraviate of Upper Alsace
  • 1130s: Count Werner II of Habsburg becomes landgrave of Upper Alsace.
Mulhouse
  • 1273: Mulhouse becomes an imperial city.
  • 1200s: Several imperial cities are created in Alsace.
Ten Cities' Alliance
  • 1354: Alsatian imperial cities, including Mulhouse, establish an alliance.


  • 1352: The bishop loses the city of Strasbourg.
Strasbourg
  • 1352: Strasbourg becomes an imperial city.
Confederacy
  • 1515: Mulhouse becomes an associate of the Confederacy.

  • 1515: Mulhouse leaves the alliance.
  • 1516: Karl V, also margrave of Upper Alsace, becomes king of Spain.
  • 1555: Karl V abdicates and is succeeded by his son Felipe II as margrave.
  • 1556: Felipe II becomes king of Spain and brings the margraviate under Spanish rule.
Kingdom of France
  • 1648: The cities, Upper Alsace as well as the Alsatian part of the bishopric are annexed to France.
  • 1681: Strasbourg is annexed to France.
French Republic
  • 1792: France becomes a republic.
See for Alsace-Lorraine after 1871 here.

Timeline of Burgundy and Lorraine

[edit]
Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - France
Alsace - Burgundy and Lorraine - Corsica - South East France - Southern and Central France - Other regions in main section
Kingdom of the Middle Franks
Kingdom of Provence
  • 855: With the Treaty of Prüm the realm of Lotharius is divided between his sons into Provence, Lotharingia and Italy. Charles becomes king of Provence.
Kingdom of Lotharingia
  • 863: After his death, part of Provence falls to Lotharingia.
Kingdom of the East Franks
Duchy of Burgundy
  • c 880: Richard becomes the first duke of Burgundy, separate from Provence.

Kingdom of Upper Burgundy
  • 888: Rodolphe becomes king of Upper Burgundy.
Kingdom of Lotharingia
  • 895: Zwentibold, illegitimate son of emperor Arnulf, becomes king of Lotharingia.

Duchy of Lotharingia
  • 903: After his death Gebhard becomes duke.
  • 911: After the election of Konrad as king of East Francia, duke Reginar attaches Lotharingia to king Carolus III of West Francia.
  • 922: Carolus III is overthrown in West Francia by Robert I, but remains king in Lotharingia.
  • 923: Carolus III is overthrown and Lotharingia becomes a fief of East Francia.
  • 925: Alsace is ceded to |Swabia.
Kingdom of Burgundy
  • 933: Rodolphe II of Upper Burgundy unites with Provence and becomes king of Burgundy at Arles.

Duchy of Upper Lorraine
  • 959: Lotharingia is partitioned into Upper Lorraine (Upper Lotharingia) and Lower Lotharingia. Frédérique becomes vice-duke of Upper Lorraine.
  • 964: After the death of duke Bruno of Lotharingia, Frédérique becomes duke of Upper Lorraine, also rendered as duke of Moselle.
County of Burgundy
  • 1002: Otto-Guilaume becomes also duke of Burgundy.
  • 1002: Count Otto-Guilaume of Burgundy becomes also duke of Burgundy.

  • 1004: Otto-Guilaume remains count.
Bishopric of Verdun
  • 997: Bishop Haimont of Verdun gets as count temporal power.
Bishopric of Metz



  • 1032: The sons of Robert II agree to share his heritage. Robert becomes duke of Burgundy.
County of Bar
  • 1033: Gotzello of Lower Lotharingia becomes duke of Upper Lorraine.







  • 1080: The county of Saargau is established, separated from Metz.
Duchy of Lorraine
  • 1047: Duke Adalbert titles himself duke of Lorraine.

  • 1156: Emperor Friedrich becomes by marriage count.
Free County of Burgundy
  • 1184: Otto becomes free count of Burgundy.

  • 1202-1204: Burgundy takes part in the Fourth Crusade, that leads to the destruction of the Roman Empire and the establishment of the Latin Empire and other crusader states.
Metz
  • c. 1200: The city of Metz becomes an imperial city.




  • 1361: King Jean II of France successfully claims the duchy after the death of duke Philippe I.
  • 1363: He passes the duchy to his youngest son Philippe as Philippe II.
Duchy of Bar
  • 1354: Count Robert is raised in rank to duke.
  • 1384: Duke Philippe II becomes by marriage also free count of Burgundy.
  • 1384: Philippe II inherits by marriage with Margaretha III of Flanders the counties of Flanders, Artois, Rethel, Nevers and Burgundy.
  • 1404/1405: After their deaths, Jean I of Burgundy inherits the duchy of Burgundy as well as the counties of Flanders, Artois, Nevers and Burgundy.
  • 1407: With the assassination of Louis d'Orléans, son of king Charles V of France, duke Jean of Burgundy commences a war against Charles V and joins the English.
  • 1420: King Henry V of England allies with duke Philippe III, a.k.a. Philip the Good, of Burgundy. In the Treaty of Troyes Charles VI of France agrees that King Henry V of England and his heirs would inherit the throne of France after his death.
  • 1421: Duke Philippe III of Burgundy becomes ruler of Namur.
  • 1430: Philippe III of Burgundy becomes also duke of Brabant and Limburg.
  • 1432: Duke Philippe III becomes also duke of Hainaut and count of Holland and Zeeland and unites his possessions in the southern and northern Netherlands into the Burgundian Netherlands. Burgundy develops into a more or less de facto independent state nominally part of France and the Holy Roman Empire.
  • 1435: In the Treaty of Arras Philippe III of Burgundy switches sides to Charles VII.
  • 1443: Philippe III becomes by conquest duke of Luxembourg, uniting them with other Netherlands entities.
  • 1469: Duke Charles, a.k.a. Charles the Bold, acquires Upper Alsace.
  • 1473: Duke Arnold of Guelders sells Guelders to duke Charles of Burgundy
  • 1431: René of Anjou becomes duke of Lorraine
  • 1473: René II of Vaudémont inherits Lorraine.
Kingdom of France
  • 1477: The duchy of Burgundy itself is annexed to France. Maximilian I of Habsburg becomes by marriage with duchess Marie titular duke of Burgundy.
Duchies of Lorraine and Bar
  • 1483: Duke René II of Lorraine becomes also count of Bar and unites the duchies.
  • 1516: Karl V, also count of Burgundy, becomes king of Spain.
  • 1526: With the Treaty of Madrid king François of France surrenders his claims to the county of Burgundy in order to be released from prison.

  • 1552: The bishoprics of Metz and Verdun as well as the city of Metz are conquered by France.
  • 1559: With the Peace of Cateau Cambrésis, the Italian Wars conclude. France renounces its claim in Italy but wins the three bishoprics of Metz, Toul and Verdun.
  • 1648: Metz and Verdun are de jure annexed to France.
  • 1670: Lorraine and Bar are again occupied by France.
  • 1678: The county of Burgundy is ceded to France.

  • 1697: Lorraine and Bar are restored by France to duke Leopold.
  • 1702: Lorraine and Bar are occupied by France , but Leopold remains in place.
  • 1724: The occupation by France ends.

Timeline of Corsica

[edit]
Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - France
Alsace - Burgundy and Lorraine - Corsica - South East France - Southern and Central France - Other regions in main section
Roman Republic
  • 237 BC: Corsica is conquered by the Roman Republic.
Roman Empire
  • 27 BC: Gaius Octavianus becomes sole ruler of Rome and as Augustus the first emperor.
  • 395: After the death of emperor Theodosius I, the Roman Empire is partitioned in the (Eastern) Roman Empire and the (Western) Roman Empire. The region becomes part of the Western part of the Empire.
  • 410: The Romans abandon the island and it is conquered by the Visigoths.
Visigothic Kingdom
  • 417: King Wallia of the Visigoths settles as Roman ally in Gaul and creates the Visigothic Kingdom.
Kingdom of the Vandals and the Alans
  • 455: The Vandals annex Corsica.
Kingdom of the Goths and the Romans
  • 500: The Ostrogoths conquer Corsica.
Byzantine Empire
  • 536: Corsica is conquered by the Byzantine Empire.
Kingdom of all Italy
  • 725: Corsica is conquered by the Lombards.
Kingdom of the Franks
  • 774: The Frankish king Carolus conquers the Kingdom of the Lombards with Corsica.
Kingdom of the Middle Franks
  • 843: With the partition of the Frankish Empire Lotharius becomes emperor of the Middle Franks.
Kingdom of Italy
  • 855: With the Treaty of Prüm the realm of Lotharius I is divided between his sons. Corsica becomes part of the Kingdom of Italy.
Holy Roman Empire
  • 962: Corsica becomes with Italy part of the Holy Roman Empire.
Republic of Pisa
  • 1052: Corsica is conquered by Pisa.
Republic of Genoa
  • 1123: Part of Corsica falls to Genoa.
Crown of Aragon
  • 1325/1326: Pisa loses its part of Corsica to Aragon.
  • 1450: Genoa becomes the dominant force in Corsica.
Kingdom of Corsica
Republic of Genoa
  • 1736: The same year Corsica is reconquered by Genoa.
Corsican Republic
  • 1755: Corsica secedes and gets a parliament elected by universal male suffrage and an executive head of state, Pasquale Paoli, whose government is responsible to the parliament.
Kingdom of France
  • 1769: France annexes Corsica.
  • 1793: Pasquale Paoli declares the secession from France and asks Great Britain for protection.
Kingdom of Corsica
  • 1794: King George III of Great Britain becomes king of Corsica. Corsica gets a viceroy, a parliament elected by limited suffrage and a government responsible to the parliament.
French Republic
  • 1796: France defeats the Kingdom of Corsica and annexes Corsica to France.

Timeline of South East France

[edit]
Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - France
Alsace - Burgundy and Lorraine - Corsica - South East France - Southern and Central France - Other regions in main section
Roman Empire
  • 395: The region belongs after the partitioning of the Roman Empire to the (Western) Roman Empire.
Kingdom of the Burgundians
Kingdom of the Franks
  • 534: The Franks defeat the Burgundians and annex their kingdom.
Kingdom of the Middle Franks
Kingdom of Provence

  • 863: After Charles’ death Ludovico II of Italy becomes king of Provence.
  • 875: After his death , his uncle king Charles II of West Francia becomes also king of Italy and of Provence.
  • 877: After his death he is succeeded in West Francia and Provence by his son Louis II.
Kingdom of Lotharingia
  • 863: After Charles’ death, part falls to Lotharius II of Lotharingia.



  • 879: After his death Boso is elected king of Provence, a.k.a. Lower Burgundy. Around that time the Duchy of Burgundy is formed.
  • 882: Part of Provence is incorporated into West Francia.
Kingdom of the East Franks
  • 870: After the death of Lotharius II this part of Lotharingia falls to Ludwig II of East Francia.
  • 888: Boson is suceeded by his son Louis.


  • 905: Hungarian troops intervene in the war in Italy between Berengario of Friuli and Louis. Louis is defeated by the Hungarians.
Kingdom of Upper Burgundy
  • 888: Rodolphe becomes king of Upper Burgundy.
  • 912: After his death he is succeeded by Rodolphe II.
  • 920: An Hungarian army enters of Italy and defeats the forces of Rodolphe II, who attacked king Berengario.
Kingdom of Burgundy
  • 933: Rodolphe II of Upper Burgundy unites (Upper) Burgundy with Provence and becomes king of Burgundy at Arles.
  • 937: Conrad, teenager, succeeds his father.
  • 982: Otto-Guillaume becomes the first count of the Burgundy, separated from the kingdom.



County of Provence
  • 968: Rothbold becomes the first count of Provence.


County of Savoy
  • 1003: Humbert becomes the first count of Savoy.
  • 1026: Humbert acquires the county of Aosta.

Holy Roman Empire

  • 1032: Rodolphe III dies. Emperor Konrad II inherits the Kingdom of Burgundy and makes it a constituent kingdom of the Holy Roman Empire. It is divided in various feudal entities.
County of Orange County of Albon
  • 1035: Guigues of Albon becomes count.






  • 1092: Savoy acquires most of the march of Turin. The centre of Savoy shifts to Piedmont.
  • 1125: Venaissin becomes part of the Margraveship of Provence.

Margraveship of Provence
  • 1125: Ramon Berenguer III loses Toulouse and part of Provence to count Anfós Jordan.
  • 1125: Ramon Berenguer III remains count of Barcelona and Provence.
  • 1131: He is succeeded in Provence, separated from Barcelona, by Berenguer Ramon.
Principality of Orange
  • 1163: Bertrand of Baux is raised in rank to prince.
Dauphiné
  • 1142: Guigues V titles himself dauphin of Viennois.
County of Lyon
  • 1246: Charles of Anjou becomes by marriage count of Provence.
  • 1247: Charles becomes also count of Anjou.
County of Venaissin


Kingdom of France
  • 1271: After the death of Alphonse of Provence, the region falls to king Philippe III of France.
  • 1266: Charles of Anjou becomes also king of Sicily.
  • 1272: Charles becomes also king of Albania.
  • 1278: Charles becomes prince of Achaea.
  • 1282: Charles loses Sicily to Aragon, but remains king of Sicily in Naples and of Albania.
  • 1289: The personal union with Achaea ends.
  • 1290: The personal union with Anjou ends.
  • 1294: The personal union with Albania ends.
  • 1312: Lyon is annexed to France.


  • 1382: The personal union with Naples ends. Duke of Louis of Anjou becomes count.


Duchy of Savoy


  • 1536: Savoy is occupied by France.
  • 1540: Wilhelm of Nassau inherits Orange.
Duchy of Savoy
  • 1559: The French occupation of Savoy ends.
  • 1702: Orange is occupied by France.
  • 1713: Orange falls to France.
Kingdom of Sardinia
  • 1720: The duke of Savoy names the whole of his state Kingdom of Sardinia.
  • 1791: France annexes Venaissin.
  • 1792: France annexes this part of Savoy.

Timeline of Southern and Central France

[edit]
Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - France
Alsace - Burgundy and Lorraine - Corsica - South East France - Southern and Central France - Other regions in main section
Roman Empire
  • 395: With the division of the Roman Empire, the region is part of the Western Roman Empire.
  • 406: The Huns force the Germanic Vandals to migrate from Pannonia. The cross together with the Iranian Alans and part of the Suebes the Rhine into Gaul. Also Franks and Burgundians cross the Rhine and settle in Gaul. Merovech establishes a kingdom of the Salian Franks.
  • 409: The Vandals, the Alans and Suebes cross the Pyrenees from Gaul into the Iberian Peninsula.
  • 410: Rome is sacked by the Visigothic king Alareiks, which turns out to be a decisive event in the decline of the Western Roman Empire.
Visigothic Kingdom
  • 417: King Wallia of the Visigoths settles as Roman ally in Gaul and establishes his court in Toulouse. It includes also Corsica.
  • 418: King Wallia invades Hispania and defeats the Alans and part of the Vandals.
  • 455: The Visigoths lose Corsica to the Vandals.
Kingdom of the Franks
  • 481: Chlodovechus or Clovis unites most Frankish tribes as king of the Franks. His kingdom gradually annexes most of the other Frankish states in and outside the Western Roman Empire.
  • 507: The Visigoths lose their capital Toulouse to the Franks. Their kingdom in Hispania remains intact, Aquitania falls to Francia. Aquitania is part of the time a sub-kingdom of Francia.
Duchy of Aquitaine
  • 660s: Felix becomes the first duke of the semi-independent duchy of Aquitaine.
  • 715: Eudes declares independence.
  • 769: Aquitaine is conquered by Francia.
  • 781: Aquitaine becomes a sub-kingdom of Francia.
  • 795: Francia establishes the Marca Hispanica, a set of Frankish counties.
Kingdom of Pamplona
  • 824: Íñigo Arista secedes from Francia and becomes king of Pamplona.
Kingdom of the West Franks
  • 843: After the death of emperor Ludovicus and a civil war, this part of Francia becomes part of West Francia.
County of Barcelona
  • 832: Roussilon becomes under count Berenguer part of Barcelona.

County of Toulouse
  • 849: Frédelon becomes the first hereditary count of Toulouse.
Duchy of Gascony
  • 864: Sans III is the first more or less independent duke of Gascony.
Duchy of Aquitaine
  • 860: Count Ranulf of Poitiers becomes the first duke of renewed Aquitaine.

County of Roussillon
County of Anjou


  • 991: Guislabert becomes count of Rousillon, separate from Empúries.
County of Foix
  • 1012: Bernard-Roger of Bigorre is considered the first count of Foix.



Kingdom of Navarre
  • 1062: Guilhem VIII of Aquitaine becomes also duke of Gascony, incorporating Gascony into Aquitaine.


  • 1100s: The valleys of Andorra are disputed by Foix and Urgell.

  • 1134: The personal union between Navarre and Aragon ends. Gartzea IV becomes king of Navarre.




  • 1152: Count Henri of Anjou becomes by marriage with Eleanor duke of Aquitaine.
  • 1152: Count Henri becomes by marriage with Eleanor duke of Aquitaine.


  • 1173: Henri's wife and three of his sons start a rebellion against him.
  • 1174: Henri defeats the rebels and they reconcile.
  • 1173: Henri's wife and three of his sons start a rebellion against him.
  • 1174: Henri defeats the rebels and they reconcile.
Crown of Aragon
  • 1172: After the death of Gerard II without heirs, Roussillon falls to king Alfonso II of Aragon.

  • 1199: John becomes duke of Aquitaine and king of England.
  • 1199: The personal union with England ends, Arthur becomes count of Anjou.


Kingdom of France

County of Anjou
  • 1247: King Louis IX of France re-creates Anjou as an appanage for his brother Charles. He is also count of Provence since 1246.



  • 1266: Charles of Anjou becomes also king of Sicily.


  • 1272: Charles becomes also king of Albania.
Kingdom of France
  • 1271: After the death of Alphonse of Provence, the region falls to king Philippe III of France.


  • 1278: Charles becomes prince of Achaea.
Kingdom of Majorca
  • 1276: Rousillon becomes under king Jaume II part of independent Majorca.
  • 1284: Crown prince and since 1285 king Philippe IV of France becomes by marriage also king of Navarre.
  • 1282: Charles loses Sicily to Aragon, but remains king of Sicily in Naples and of Albania.
  • 1289: The personal union with Achaea ends.
County of Foix and Viscounty of Béarn
  • 1290: Roger-Bernard III becomes by marriage viscount of Béarn


  • 1290: The personal union with Provence ends. Count Charles of Valois becomes by marriage count of Anjou.
  • 1305: After the death of the queen of Navarre, their son Louis becomes king Louis I of Navarre.
Duchy of Aquitaine England
  • 1314: Louis becomes also king Louis X of France.

  • 1328: After the death of king Charles I his heritage is divided. Charles' daughter Jeanne becomes queen Joana II of Navarre.

  • 1328: Count Philippe of Valois-Anjou becomes as Philippe VI king of France and merges Anjou into France.

  • 1347: Count Gaston X, renounces as lord of Béarn the fiefship of France.
  • 1337: After king Philippe IV of France confiscated the English possessions in Gascony, the Hundred Years' War between the English kings and the French kings over the French throne starts.
County of Anjou

Duchy of Anjou

  • 1360: Louis is raised in rank to duke of Anjou.
  • 1382: Louis becomes also count of Provence.
Crown of Aragon
  • 1441: Gaston XI of Foix and Béarn marries with queen Leanor.
  • 1451–1455: A civil war between king Joannes II and his son and heir Karlos leads to the defeat of Karlos.
  • 1441: Count Gaston XI marries with Leanor of Navarre.

  • 1479: After her death, her grandson François Fébus becomes king of Navarre, count of Foix and viscount of Béarn.
  • 1512: The southern part and historical core of Navarre is invaded by Castile and Aragon.

Crown of Aragon
  • 1493: Roussillon is restored to king Fernando II of Aragon.

Kingdom of Spain
  • 1516: Rousillon becomes with Aragon part of Spain.
  • 1522: The southern half of Navarre is annexed to Spain, leaving the part north of the Pyrenees as an independent kingdom.
Principality of Bidache


  • 1589: King Henri III of Navarre, count of Foix and as Henri II viscount of Béarn becomes king Henri IV of France.
  • 1620: Navarre, Béarn and Foix are fully incorporated into France.
  • 1642: Roussillon is conquered by France.
  • 1659: Roussillon is formally ceded by Spain to France.

  1. ^ Normandy is also knowns as County of Rouen.
  2. ^ In 1993 with the Maastricht Treaty, signed in 1991, the European Economic Community is renamed into the European Community, the institutions of the three communities (the European Community, the European Atomic Energy Community and the European Coal and Steel Community) merge into the institutions of the European Communities, being the first pillar of the European Union. In 2009 with the Treaty of Lisbon, signed in 2007, the European Community is dissolved into the European Union, becoming an overall legal unit.
  3. ^ Before Foulques, Robert is said to have had the title of Count of Anjou.